Java中WebService实例
Web Services是由企业发布的完成其特定商务需求的在线应用服务，其他公司或应用软件能够通过Internet来访问并使用这项在线服务。
Web Service的关键技术和规则:
1.XML:描述数据的标准方法.
2.SOAP：表示信息交换的协议（简单对象访问协议）.
3.WSDL：Web服务描述语言.
4.UDDI:通用描述、发现与集成，他是一种独立于平台，基于XML语言的用于在互联网上描述商务的协议。
一、利用JDK web服务api实现，这里使用基于SOAP message的Web Service：
1.首先创建一个Web Services项目，作为Web services Endpoint.
2.创建一个HelloService.java类
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package com.yjpeng.hello;
import javax.jws.WebService;
import javax.jws.WebMethod;
import javax.xml.ws.Endpoint;
@WebService
public class HelloService {
@WebMethod
public String sayHello(String message){
return "Hello ," + message;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//create and publish an endPoint
HelloService hello = new HelloService();
Endpoint endPoint = Endpoint.publish("http://localhost:8080/helloService", hello);
}
}
package com.yjpeng.hello; import javax.jws.WebService; import javax.jws.WebMethod; import javax.xml.ws.Endpoint;@WebService public class HelloService { @WebMethod public String sayHello(String message){ return "Hello ," + message; } public static void main(String[] args) { //create and publish an endPoint HelloService hello = new HelloService(); Endpoint endPoint = Endpoint.publish("http://localhost:8080/helloService", hello); } }
3.使用apt编译HelloService.java(例如: apt -d bin(bin存放编译后的文件目录) scr/com/yjpeng/hello/HelloService.java)后，会生成jaxws目录。
4.使用java com.yjpeng.hello.HelloService执行HelloService.java文件，在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080/helloService?wsdl出现如下图
5.使用wsimport命令生成客户端:wsimport -p com.yjpeng.webservice -keep http://localhost:8080/helloService?wsdl 这时会在当前目录中生成如下文件：
6.编写好客户端文件HelloClient.java
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package com.yjpeng.hello;
import com.yjpeng.webservice.HelloServiceService;
public class HelloClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
HelloServiceService helloServiceService = new HelloServiceService();
com.yjpeng.webservice.HelloService helloService = helloServiceService.getHelloServicePort();
System.out.println(helloService.sayHello("你好"));
}
}
package com.yjpeng.hello; import com.yjpeng.webservice.HelloServiceService; public class HelloClient { public static void main(String[] args) { HelloServiceService helloServiceService = new HelloServiceService(); com.yjpeng.webservice.HelloService helloService = helloServiceService.getHelloServicePort(); System.out.println(helloService.sayHello("你好")); } }
运行结果在控制台输出 hello,你好 证明利用JDK web服务API实现web service成功！
二、使用xfire框架，我这里使用的是MyEclipse集成的xfire进行测试，利用xfire开发WebService可以有三种方法：
a.一种是从JavaBean中生成。
b.一种是从wsdl文件中生成。
c.一种是自己建立webservice。
具体实现步骤如下：
1.用Myeclipse建立webService工程(注意:Web Service&J2EE Details中的Framework选XFire)，目录结构如下：
2.创建IHello.java接口
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package com.yjpeng.hello;
public interface IHello {
public String sayHello(String message);
}
package com.yjpeng.hello; public interface IHello { public String sayHello(String message); }
3.创建IHelloImpl.java实现IHello.java接口
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package com.yjpeng.hello;
public class IHelloImpl implements IHello {
public String sayHello(String message) {
return message;
}
}
package com.yjpeng.hello; public class IHelloImpl implements IHello { public String sayHello(String message) { return message; } }
4.修改Service.xml文件，加入以下代码
<service>
<!-- 为该Service起一个名字 -->
<name>HelloService</name>
<!-- service的接口类 -->
<serviceClass>
com.yjpeng.hello.IHello
</serviceClass>
<!-- service的接口实现类-->
<implementationClass>
com.yjpeng.hello.IHelloImpl
</implementationClass>
<!-- wsdl的样式-->
<style>wrapped</style>
<use>literal</use>
<scope>application</scope>
</service>
5.把该Web Service项目部署到tomcat里面启动tomcat在浏览器地址栏输入http://localhost:8080/TestWebServices/services/Hello?wsdl 出现如下图
6.然后在展开HelloService后面的wsdl可以看到
7.创建一个客户端HelloClient.java类
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import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import org.codehaus.xfire.XFireFactory;
import org.codehaus.xfire.client.Client;
import org.codehaus.xfire.client.XFireProxyFactory;
import org.codehaus.xfire.service.Service;
import org.codehaus.xfire.service.binding.ObjectServiceFactory;
import com.yjpeng.hello.IHello;
public class HelloClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Service s = new ObjectServiceFactory().create(IHello.class);
XFireProxyFactory xf = new XFireProxyFactory(XFireFactory.newInstance().getXFire());
String url="http://192.168.122.128:8080/TestWebServices/services/HelloService";
IHello hello;
try {
hello = (IHello)xf.create(s, url);
System.out.println(hello.sayHello("你好"));
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
//这个是在java端调用.net写的远程Web Service 如果调用本机写的只需要把URL中的地址换成本机能访问的地址即可
Client c = new Client(new URL("http://www.webxml.com.cn/webservices/qqOnlineWebService.asmx?wsdl"));
Object[] o = c.invoke("qqCheckOnline", new String[]{"271751507"});
System.out.println(o.length);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import org.codehaus.xfire.XFireFactory; import org.codehaus.xfire.client.Client; import org.codehaus.xfire.client.XFireProxyFactory; import org.codehaus.xfire.service.Service; import org.codehaus.xfire.service.binding.ObjectServiceFactory; import com.yjpeng.hello.IHello; public class HelloClient { public static void main(String[] args) { Service s = new ObjectServiceFactory().create(IHello.class); XFireProxyFactory xf = new XFireProxyFactory(XFireFactory.newInstance().getXFire()); String url="http://192.168.122.128:8080/TestWebServices/services/HelloService"; IHello hello; try { hello = (IHello)xf.create(s, url); System.out.println(hello.sayHello("你好")); } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } try { //这个是在java端调用.net写的远程Web Service 如果调用本机写的只需要把URL中的地址换成本机能访问的地址即可 Client c = new Client(new URL("http://www.webxml.com.cn/webservices/qqOnlineWebService.asmx?wsdl")); Object[] o = c.invoke("qqCheckOnline", new String[]{"271751507"}); System.out.println(o.length); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
运行HelloClient.java类可以输出 你好 1.
三、使用axis1.4开发webservice方法
首先下载axis1.4包和tomcat服务器，并将解压后的axis1.4包下面的webapps下的axis目录复制到tomcat服务器的webapps文件夹中。axis支持三种Web Service的部署和开发，分别为:
a.Dynamic Invocation Interface(DII)
b.Stubs 方式
c.Dynamic Proxy方式
1.编写DII(Dynamic Invocation Interface)方式Web Service
a.编写服务程序HelloClient.java
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public class HelloClient
{
public String getName(String name){
return "hello," + name;
}
}
public class HelloClient { public String getName(String name){ return "hello," + name; } }
b.将HelloClient.java文件拷贝到axis_home下，重命名为HelloClient.jws.
c.访问链接http://localhost:8080/axis/HelloClient.jws?wsdl页面显示axis自动生成的wsdl文件
d.编写访问服务的客户端TestHelloClient.java需要导入相应的axis.jar包，在下载的axis的WEB-INF/lib/目录下。
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package com.yjpeng.webservice;
import java.net.URL;
import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
import org.apache.axis.client.Call;
import org.apache.axis.client.Service;
public class TestHelloClient {
public static void main(String[] args){
try{
String endpoint = "http://localhost:8080/axis/HelloClient.jws";
Service service = new Service();
Call call = (Call)service.createCall();
call.setOperationName(new QName(endpoint, "getName"));
call.setTargetEndpointAddress(new URL(endpoint));
String result = (String) call.invoke(new Object[]{"张三"});
System.out.println(result);
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
package com.yjpeng.webservice; import java.net.URL; import javax.xml.namespace.QName; import org.apache.axis.client.Call; import org.apache.axis.client.Service; public class TestHelloClient { public static void main(String[] args){ try{ String endpoint = "http://localhost:8080/axis/HelloClient.jws"; Service service = new Service(); Call call = (Call)service.createCall(); call.setOperationName(new QName(endpoint, "getName")); call.setTargetEndpointAddress(new URL(endpoint)); String result = (String) call.invoke(new Object[]{"张三"}); System.out.println(result); }catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
运行TestHelloClient.java在控制台输出hell,张三,测试成功.