Java POI导出EXCEL经典实现 Java导出Excel弹出下载框

 在web开发中,有一个经典的功能,就是数据的导入导出。特别是数据的导出,在生产管理或者财务系统中用的非常普遍,因为这些系统经常要做一些报表打印的工作。而数据导出的格式一般是EXCEL或者PDF,我这里就用两篇文章分别给大家介绍下。(注意,我们这里说的数据导出可不是数据库中的数据导出!么误会啦^_^)
        呵呵,首先我们来导出EXCEL格式的文件吧。现在主流的操作Excel文件的开源工具有很多,用得比较多的就是Apache的POI及JExcelAPI。这里我们用Apache POI!我们先去Apache的大本营下载POI的jar包:http://poi.apache.org/ ,我这里使用的是3.0.2版本。
        将3个jar包导入到classpath下,什么?忘了怎么导包?不会吧!好,我们来写一个导出Excel的实用类(所谓实用,是指基本不用怎么修改就可以在实际项目中直接使用的!)。我一直强调做类也好,做方法也好,一定要通用性和灵活性强。下面这个类就算基本贯彻了我的这种思想。那么,熟悉许老师风格的人应该知道,这时候该要甩出一长串代码了。没错,大伙请看:

import java.util.Date;

public class Student
{
	private long id;
	private String name;
	private int age;
	private boolean sex;
	private Date birthday;

	public Student()
	{
	}

	public Student(long id, String name, int age, boolean sex, Date birthday)
	{
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
		this.sex = sex;
		this.birthday = birthday;
	}

	public long getId()
	{
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(long id)
	{
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName()
	{
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name)
	{
		this.name = name;
	}

	public int getAge()
	{
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(int age)
	{
		this.age = age;
	}

	public boolean getSex()
	{
		return sex;
	}

	public void setSex(boolean sex)
	{
		this.sex = sex;
	}

	public Date getBirthday()
	{
		return birthday;
	}

	public void setBirthday(Date birthday)
	{
		this.birthday = birthday;
	}

}
public class Book
{
	private int bookId;
	private String name;
	private String author;
	private float price;
	private String isbn;
	private String pubName;
	private byte[] preface;

	public Book()
	{
	}

	public Book(int bookId, String name, String author, float price,
			String isbn, String pubName, byte[] preface)
	{
		this.bookId = bookId;
		this.name = name;
		this.author = author;
		this.price = price;
		this.isbn = isbn;
		this.pubName = pubName;
		this.preface = preface;
	}

	public int getBookId()
	{
		return bookId;
	}

	public void setBookId(int bookId)
	{
		this.bookId = bookId;
	}

	public String getName()
	{
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name)
	{
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getAuthor()
	{
		return author;
	}

	public void setAuthor(String author)
	{
		this.author = author;
	}

	public float getPrice()
	{
		return price;
	}

	public void setPrice(float price)
	{
		this.price = price;
	}

	public String getIsbn()
	{
		return isbn;
	}

	public void setIsbn(String isbn)
	{
		this.isbn = isbn;
	}

	public String getPubName()
	{
		return pubName;
	}

	public void setPubName(String pubName)
	{
		this.pubName = pubName;
	}

	public byte[] getPreface()
	{
		return preface;
	}

	public void setPreface(byte[] preface)
	{
		this.preface = preface;
	}
}

上面这两个类一目了然,就是两个简单的javabean风格的类。再看下面真正的重点类:

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFClientAnchor;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFComment;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFPatriarch;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRichTextString;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor;

/**
 * 利用开源组件POI3.0.2动态导出EXCEL文档 转载时请保留以下信息,注明出处!
 * 
 * @author leno
 * @version v1.0
 * @param <T>
 *            应用泛型,代表任意一个符合javabean风格的类
 *            注意这里为了简单起见,boolean型的属性xxx的get器方式为getXxx(),而不是isXxx()
 *            byte[]表jpg格式的图片数据
 */
public class ExportExcel<T>
{
	public void exportExcel(Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out)
	{
		exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", null, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd");
	}

	public void exportExcel(String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset,
			OutputStream out)
	{
		exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", headers, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd");
	}

	public void exportExcel(String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset,
			OutputStream out, String pattern)
	{
		exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", headers, dataset, out, pattern);
	}

	/**
	 * 这是一个通用的方法,利用了JAVA的反射机制,可以将放置在JAVA集合中并且符号一定条件的数据以EXCEL 的形式输出到指定IO设备上
	 * 
	 * @param title
	 *            表格标题名
	 * @param headers
	 *            表格属性列名数组
	 * @param dataset
	 *            需要显示的数据集合,集合中一定要放置符合javabean风格的类的对象。此方法支持的
	 *            javabean属性的数据类型有基本数据类型及String,Date,byte[](图片数据)
	 * @param out
	 *            与输出设备关联的流对象,可以将EXCEL文档导出到本地文件或者网络中
	 * @param pattern
	 *            如果有时间数据,设定输出格式。默认为"yyy-MM-dd"
	 */
	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public void exportExcel(String title, String[] headers,
			Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out, String pattern)
	{
		// 声明一个工作薄
		HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
		// 生成一个表格
		HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(title);
		// 设置表格默认列宽度为15个字节
		sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth((short) 15);
		// 生成一个样式
		HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();
		// 设置这些样式
		style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE.index);
		style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
		style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
		style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
		style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
		style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
		style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
		// 生成一个字体
		HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont();
		font.setColor(HSSFColor.VIOLET.index);
		font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);
		font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
		// 把字体应用到当前的样式
		style.setFont(font);
		// 生成并设置另一个样式
		HSSFCellStyle style2 = workbook.createCellStyle();
		style2.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIGHT_YELLOW.index);
		style2.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
		style2.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
		style2.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
		style2.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
		style2.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
		style2.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
		style2.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
		// 生成另一个字体
		HSSFFont font2 = workbook.createFont();
		font2.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);
		// 把字体应用到当前的样式
		style2.setFont(font2);

		// 声明一个画图的顶级管理器
		HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
		// 定义注释的大小和位置,详见文档
		HSSFComment comment = patriarch.createComment(new HSSFClientAnchor(0,
				0, 0, 0, (short) 4, 2, (short) 6, 5));
		// 设置注释内容
		comment.setString(new HSSFRichTextString("可以在POI中添加注释!"));
		// 设置注释作者,当鼠标移动到单元格上是可以在状态栏中看到该内容.
		comment.setAuthor("leno");

		// 产生表格标题行
		HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);
		for (short i = 0; i < headers.length; i++)
		{
			HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
			cell.setCellStyle(style);
			HSSFRichTextString text = new HSSFRichTextString(headers[i]);
			cell.setCellValue(text);
		}

		// 遍历集合数据,产生数据行
		Iterator<T> it = dataset.iterator();
		int index = 0;
		while (it.hasNext())
		{
			index++;
			row = sheet.createRow(index);
			T t = (T) it.next();
			// 利用反射,根据javabean属性的先后顺序,动态调用getXxx()方法得到属性值
			Field[] fields = t.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
			for (short i = 0; i < fields.length; i++)
			{
				HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
				cell.setCellStyle(style2);
				Field field = fields[i];
				String fieldName = field.getName();
				String getMethodName = "get"
						+ fieldName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()
						+ fieldName.substring(1);
				try
				{
					Class tCls = t.getClass();
					Method getMethod = tCls.getMethod(getMethodName,
							new Class[]
							{});
					Object value = getMethod.invoke(t, new Object[]
					{});
					// 判断值的类型后进行强制类型转换
					String textValue = null;
					// if (value instanceof Integer) {
					// int intValue = (Integer) value;
					// cell.setCellValue(intValue);
					// } else if (value instanceof Float) {
					// float fValue = (Float) value;
					// textValue = new HSSFRichTextString(
					// String.valueOf(fValue));
					// cell.setCellValue(textValue);
					// } else if (value instanceof Double) {
					// double dValue = (Double) value;
					// textValue = new HSSFRichTextString(
					// String.valueOf(dValue));
					// cell.setCellValue(textValue);
					// } else if (value instanceof Long) {
					// long longValue = (Long) value;
					// cell.setCellValue(longValue);
					// }
					if (value instanceof Boolean)
					{
						boolean bValue = (Boolean) value;
						textValue = "男";
						if (!bValue)
						{
							textValue = "女";
						}
					}
					else if (value instanceof Date)
					{
						Date date = (Date) value;
						SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);
						textValue = sdf.format(date);
					}
					else if (value instanceof byte[])
					{
						// 有图片时,设置行高为60px;
						row.setHeightInPoints(60);
						// 设置图片所在列宽度为80px,注意这里单位的一个换算
						sheet.setColumnWidth(i, (short) (35.7 * 80));
						// sheet.autoSizeColumn(i);
						byte[] bsValue = (byte[]) value;
						HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0, 0,
								1023, 255, (short) 6, index, (short) 6, index);
						anchor.setAnchorType(2);
						patriarch.createPicture(anchor, workbook.addPicture(
								bsValue, HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));
					}
					else
					{
						// 其它数据类型都当作字符串简单处理
						textValue = value.toString();
					}
					// 如果不是图片数据,就利用正则表达式判断textValue是否全部由数字组成
					if (textValue != null)
					{
						Pattern p = Pattern.compile("^//d+(//.//d+)?$");
						Matcher matcher = p.matcher(textValue);
						if (matcher.matches())
						{
							// 是数字当作double处理
							cell.setCellValue(Double.parseDouble(textValue));
						}
						else
						{
							HSSFRichTextString richString = new HSSFRichTextString(
									textValue);
							HSSFFont font3 = workbook.createFont();
							font3.setColor(HSSFColor.BLUE.index);
							richString.applyFont(font3);
							cell.setCellValue(richString);
						}
					}
				}
				catch (SecurityException e)
				{
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				catch (NoSuchMethodException e)
				{
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				catch (IllegalArgumentException e)
				{
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				catch (IllegalAccessException e)
				{
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				catch (InvocationTargetException e)
				{
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				finally
				{
					// 清理资源
				}
			}
		}
		try
		{
			workbook.write(out);
		}
		catch (IOException e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		// 测试学生
		ExportExcel<Student> ex = new ExportExcel<Student>();
		String[] headers =
		{ "学号", "姓名", "年龄", "性别", "出生日期" };
		List<Student> dataset = new ArrayList<Student>();
		dataset.add(new Student(10000001, "张三", 20, true, new Date()));
		dataset.add(new Student(20000002, "李四", 24, false, new Date()));
		dataset.add(new Student(30000003, "王五", 22, true, new Date()));
		// 测试图书
		ExportExcel<Book> ex2 = new ExportExcel<Book>();
		String[] headers2 =
		{ "图书编号", "图书名称", "图书作者", "图书价格", "图书ISBN", "图书出版社", "封面图片" };
		List<Book> dataset2 = new ArrayList<Book>();
		try
		{
			BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(
					new FileInputStream("V://book.bmp"));
			byte[] buf = new byte[bis.available()];
			while ((bis.read(buf)) != -1)
			{
				//
			}
			dataset2.add(new Book(1, "jsp", "leno", 300.33f, "1234567",
					"清华出版社", buf));
			dataset2.add(new Book(2, "java编程思想", "brucl", 300.33f, "1234567",
					"阳光出版社", buf));
			dataset2.add(new Book(3, "DOM艺术", "lenotang", 300.33f, "1234567",
					"清华出版社", buf));
			dataset2.add(new Book(4, "c++经典", "leno", 400.33f, "1234567",
					"清华出版社", buf));
			dataset2.add(new Book(5, "c#入门", "leno", 300.33f, "1234567",
					"汤春秀出版社", buf));

			OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("E://a.xls");
			OutputStream out2 = new FileOutputStream("E://b.xls");
			ex.exportExcel(headers, dataset, out);
			ex2.exportExcel(headers2, dataset2, out2);
			out.close();
			JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "导出成功!");
			System.out.println("excel导出成功!");
		}
		catch (FileNotFoundException e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		catch (IOException e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

写完之后,如果您不是用eclipse工具生成的Servlet,千万别忘了在web.xml上注册这个Servelt。而且同样的, 拷贝一张小巧的图书图片命名为book.jpg放置到当前WEB根目录的/WEB-INF/下 。部署好web工程,用浏览器访问Servlet看下效果吧!是不是下载成功了。呵呵,您可以将下载到本地的excel报表用打印机打印出来,这样您就大功告成了。完事了我们就思考:我们发现,我们做的方法,不管是本地调用,还是在WEB服务器端用Servlet调用;不管是输出学生列表,还是图书列表信息,代码都几乎一样,而且这些数据我们很容器结合后台的DAO操作数据库动态获取。恩,类和方法的通用性和灵活性开始有点感觉了。好啦,祝您学习愉快!

Java导出Excel弹出下载框

        将ExportExcel类的main方法改成public void test(),OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("E://a.xls");这边可以对应Servlet适当改下路径,Servlet代码如下:

public class ExcelServlet extends HttpServlet {
	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		(new ExportExcel()).test();
		String str = "a.xls";
		//String path = request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath(str);
		download("E://a.xls", response);
	}
	private void download(String path, HttpServletResponse response) {
		try {
			// path是指欲下载的文件的路径。
			File file = new File(path);
			// 取得文件名。
			String filename = file.getName();
			// 以流的形式下载文件。
			InputStream fis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(path));
			byte[] buffer = new byte[fis.available()];
			fis.read(buffer);
			fis.close();
			// 清空response
			response.reset();
			// 设置response的Header
			response.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="
					+ new String(filename.getBytes()));
			response.addHeader("Content-Length", "" + file.length());
			OutputStream toClient = new BufferedOutputStream(
					response.getOutputStream());
			response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel;charset=gb2312");
			toClient.write(buffer);
			toClient.flush();
			toClient.close();
		} catch (IOException ex) {
			ex.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}






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