$("div#div.div")
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.ancestors *
{
display: block;
border: 2px solid lightgrey;
color: lightgrey;
padding: 5px;
margin: 15px;
}
</style>
<script src="/jquery/jquery-1.11.1.min.js">
</script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
$("div").parents().css({"color":"red","border":"2px solid green"});
$("span").parents("div").css({"color":"green","border":"2px solid blue"});
});
</script>
</head>
<body class="ancestors">body (曾曾祖父)
<div style="width:500px;">div (曾祖父)
<ul>ul (祖父)
<li>li (直接父)
<span>span</span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>