Android蓝牙开发浅析

1. 使用蓝牙的响应权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />

 

2打开蓝牙

在这里首先要了解蓝牙操作的一个核心类BluetoothAdapter,对蓝牙操作首先就需要有一个BluetoothAdapter实例。常用的几个方法如下:

  •   getDefaultAdapter()——获取本地的蓝牙设备  
  •   enable()——打开蓝牙设备
  •   disable()——关闭蓝牙设备
  •   startDiscovery()——蓝牙设备开始搜索周边设备
  •       cancelDiscovery()——取消本地蓝牙设备的搜索操作,如果本地设备正在进行搜索,那么调用该方法后将停止搜索操作。
  •   getAddress()——获取蓝牙设备的MAC地址。
  •   getName()——获取本地蓝牙的名称
  •   getRemoteDevice(String address)——根据远程设备的MAC地址来获取远程设备
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 1 // 获取本地的蓝牙适配器实例  2 BluetoothAdapter adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();  3 if(adapter!=null)  4  {  5 if(!adapter.isEnabled())  6  {  7 //通过这个方法来请求打开我们的蓝牙设备  8 Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);  9  startActivityForResult(intent); 10 11 //不做提示,强行打开 12 //mAdapter.enable(); 13  } 14  } 15 else 16  { 17 System.out.println("本地设备驱动异常!"); 18  } 19
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3.搜索蓝牙设备

这里可以细分为几个方面 
(1)如果要使本机蓝牙能够被其他手机蓝牙发现,则通过调用startActivityForResult(Intent, int) 方法,其中,intent带有ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE的请求。

If you would like to make the local device discoverable to other devices, call startActivityForResult(Intent, int) with the ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE action Intent.
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1 //使本机蓝牙在300秒内可被搜索 2 private void ensureDiscoverable() { 3 if (mBluetoothAdapter.getScanMode() != BluetoothAdapter.SCAN_MODE_CONNECTABLE_DISCOVERABLE) { 4 //打开本机的蓝牙发现功能(默认打开120秒,可以将时间最多延长至300秒)  5 Intent discoveryIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE); 6 discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);//设置持续时间(最多300秒) 7  startActivity(discoverableIntent); 8  } 9 }
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(2)查找已经配对的蓝牙设备,即以前已经配对过的设备  

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1 Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = mBluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices(); 2 if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) { 3  findViewById(R.id.title_paired_devices).setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); 4 for (BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices) { 5 mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress()); 6  } 7 } else { 8 mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter.add("没有找到已匹对的设备"); 9 }
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(3)使用BluetoothAdapter的startDiscovery()方法来搜索蓝牙设备。

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startDiscovery()方法解析:

startDiscovery()方法是一个异步方法,调用后会立即返回。该方法会进行对其他蓝牙设备的搜索,该过程会持续12秒。该方法调用后,搜索过程实际上是在一个System Service中进行的,所以可以调用cancelDiscovery()方法来停止搜索(该方法可以在未执行discovery请求时调用)。

请求Discovery后,系统开始搜索蓝牙设备,在这个过程中,系统会发送以下三个广播:

ACTION_DISCOVERY_START:开始搜索

ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED:搜索结束

ACTION_FOUND:找到设备,这个Intent中包含两个extra fields:EXTRA_DEVICE和EXTRA_CLASS,分别包含BluetooDevice和BluetoothClass。
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然而,要获得此搜索的结果需要注册一个BroadcastReceiver来获取,我们可以自己注册相应的BroadcastReceiver来接收相应的广播,以便实现某些功能

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 1 // 创建一个接收ACTION_FOUND广播的BroadcastReceiver   2 private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {  3 public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {  4 String action = intent.getAction();  5 // 发现设备   6 if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {  7 // 从Intent中获取设备对象   8 BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);  9 // 将设备名称和地址放入array adapter,以便在ListView中显示  10 mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress()); 11  } 12  } 13 }; 14 // 注册BroadcastReceiver  15 IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND); 16 registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter); // 不要忘了之后解除绑定 
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 4.配对

配对操作呢,一般都是发现设备后,由我们人工来进行选择后系统自动去配对。

5. 蓝牙Socket通信

如果打算建议两个蓝牙设备之间的连接,则必须实现服务器端与客户端的机制。当两个设备在同一个RFCOMM channel下分别拥有一个连接的BluetoothSocket,这两个设备才可以说是建立了连接。

服务器设备与客户端设备获取BluetoothSocket的途径是不同的。服务器设备是通过accepted一个incoming connection来获取的,而客户端设备则是通过打开一个到服务器的RFCOMM channel来获取的。

 

服务器端的实现

通过调用BluetoothAdapter的listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String, UUID)方法来获取BluetoothServerSocket(UUID用于客户端与服务器端之间的配对)

调用BluetoothServerSocket的accept()方法监听连接请求,如果收到请求,则返回一个BluetoothSocket实例(此方法为block方法,应置于新线程中)

如果不想在accept其他的连接,则调用BluetoothServerSocket的close()方法释放资源(调用该方法后,之前获得的BluetoothSocket实例并没有close。但由于RFCOMM一个时刻只允许在一条channel中有一个连接,则一般在accept一个连接后,便close掉BluetoothServerSocket

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 1 private class AcceptThread extends Thread {  2 private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket;  3  4 public AcceptThread() {  5 // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmServerSocket,  6 // because mmServerSocket is final   7 BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null;  8 try {  9 // MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the client code  10 tmp = mBluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID); 11 } catch (IOException e) { } 12 mmServerSocket = tmp; 13  } 14 15 public void run() { 16 BluetoothSocket socket = null; 17 // Keep listening until exception occurs or a socket is returned  18 while (true) { 19 try { 20 socket = mmServerSocket.accept(); 21 } catch (IOException e) { 22 break; 23  } 24 // If a connection was accepted  25 if (socket != null) { 26 // Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread)  27  manageConnectedSocket(socket); 28  mmServerSocket.close(); 29 break; 30  } 31  } 32  } 33 34 /** Will cancel the listening socket, and cause the thread to finish */ 35 public void cancel() { 36 try { 37  mmServerSocket.close(); 38 } catch (IOException e) { } 39  } 40 }
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客户端的实现

通过搜索得到服务器端的BluetoothService

调用BluetoothService的createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(UUID)方法获取BluetoothSocket(该UUID应该同于服务器端的UUID)

调用BluetoothSocket的connect()方法(该方法为block方法),如果UUID同服务器端的UUID匹配,并且连接被服务器端accept,则connect()方法返回

注意:在调用connect()方法之前,应当确定当前没有搜索设备,否则连接会变得非常慢并且容易失败

 

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 1 private class ConnectThread extends Thread {  2 private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;  3 private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice;  4  5 public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) {  6 // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmSocket,  7 // because mmSocket is final   8 BluetoothSocket tmp = null;  9 mmDevice = device; 10 11 // Get a BluetoothSocket to connect with the given BluetoothDevice  12 try { 13 // MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the server code  14 tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID); 15 } catch (IOException e) { } 16 mmSocket = tmp; 17  } 18 19 public void run() { 20 // Cancel discovery because it will slow down the connection  21  mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); 22 23 try { 24 // Connect the device through the socket. This will block 25 // until it succeeds or throws an exception  26  mmSocket.connect(); 27 } catch (IOException connectException) { 28 // Unable to connect; close the socket and get out  29 try { 30  mmSocket.close(); 31 } catch (IOException closeException) { } 32 return; 33  } 34 35 // Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread)  36  manageConnectedSocket(mmSocket); 37  } 38 39 /** Will cancel an in-progress connection, and close the socket */ 40 public void cancel() { 41 try { 42  mmSocket.close(); 43 } catch (IOException e) { } 44  } 45 }
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连接管理(数据通信)

当你成功地连接了两台(或多台)设备时,每个设备都有一个已连接的BluetoothSocket。这时你可以在设备之间共享数据,乐趣才刚开始。 使用BluetoothSocket,传输二进制数据的过程是简单的:

  1. 分别通过getInputStream()和getOutputStream()获得管理数据传输的InputStream和OutputStream。
  2. 通过read(byte[])和write(byte[])从流中读取或写入数据。

 首先,你必须使用一个线程专门用于数据的读或写。这是非常重要的,因为read(byte[])和write(byte[])方法都是阻塞调用。read(byte[])将会阻塞到流中有数据可读。write(byte[])一般不会阻塞,但当远程设备的中间缓冲区已满而对方没有及时地调用read(byte[])时将会一直阻塞。所以,你的线程中的主循环将一直用于从InputStream中读取数据。

 

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 1 private class ConnectedThread extends Thread {  2 private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;  3 private final InputStream mmInStream;  4 private final OutputStream mmOutStream;  5  6 public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) {  7 mmSocket = socket;  8 InputStream tmpIn = null;  9 OutputStream tmpOut = null; 10 11 // Get the input and output streams, using temp objects because 12 // member streams are final  13 try { 14 tmpIn = socket.getInputStream(); 15 tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream(); 16 } catch (IOException e) { } 17 18 mmInStream = tmpIn; 19 mmOutStream = tmpOut; 20  } 21 22 public void run() { 23 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; // buffer store for the stream  24 int bytes; // bytes returned from read() 25 26 // Keep listening to the InputStream until an exception occurs  27 while (true) { 28 try { 29 // Read from the InputStream  30 bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer); 31 // Send the obtained bytes to the UI Activity  32 mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer) 33  .sendToTarget(); 34 } catch (IOException e) { 35 break; 36  } 37  } 38  } 39 40 /* Call this from the main Activity to send data to the remote device */ 41 public void write(byte[] bytes) { 42 try { 43  mmOutStream.write(bytes); 44 } catch (IOException e) { } 45  } 46 47 /* Call this from the main Activity to shutdown the connection */ 48 public void cancel() { 49 try { 50  mmSocket.close(); 51 } catch (IOException e) { } 52  } 53 }
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