RMAN备份ORACLE数据库脚本（包括全备与增量）

    一个客户原来的ORACLE数据库没有上RMAN备份，平时都是使用的EXPDP来导数据做为备份，今天叫我给他们写一个脚本来实现每天的增量，一周做一次全备。

    于是马上把原来把NBU自带的RMAN备份脚本拿出来改改。

    下面是脚本内容，实现每周周末一天全备，其它的时候都是增量备份，备份完的归档自己删除。

    注意其中的参数，因为环境不同需要做相应的修改。

[oracle@11rac1 ~]$ cat hot_rman_backup.sh
#!/bin/sh
# $Header: hot_database_backup.sh,v 1.3 2010/08/04 17:56:02 $
#
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# this script directory.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SHELL_HOME=/home/oracle

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Determine the time executing this script.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

RMAN_DATA=`date '+%Y%m%d%H'`

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# test log directiry .  If not, run the following lines.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

if [ ! -d "$SHELL_HOME/log" ]
then
        mkdir -p $SHELL_HOME/log
fi

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Put output in <this file name>.out. Change as desired.
# Note: output directory requires write permission.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

RMAN_LOG_FILE=${SHELL_HOME}/log/hot_rman_backup_${RMAN_DATA}.out

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# You may want to delete the output file so that backup information does
# not accumulate.  If not, delete the following lines.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

if [ -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE" ]
then
        rm -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE"
fi

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# rman image output directory.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

RMAN_IMAGE_DIR=/home/oracle/rman

echo "rman image output directory:${RMAN_IMAGE_DIR}">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Log the start of this script.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

echo Script $0 >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo ==== started on `date` ==== >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Replace /db/oracle/product/ora102, below, with the Oracle home path.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_HOME

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Replace ora102, below, with the Oracle SID of the target database.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ORACLE_SID=power1
export ORACLE_SID


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Set the target connect string.
# Replace "sys/manager", below, with the target connect string.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

TARGET_CONNECT_STR=sys/manager

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Set the Oracle Recovery Manager name.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

RMAN=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Print out the value of the variables set by this script.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo   "RMAN: $RMAN" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo   "ORACLE_SID: $ORACLE_SID" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo   "ORACLE_USER: $ORACLE_USER" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo   "ORACLE_HOME: $ORACLE_HOME" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Print out the value of the variables set by bphdb.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

echo  >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# NOTE: This script assumes that the database is properly opened. If desired,
# this would be the place to verify that.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# If this script is executed from a NetBackup schedule, NetBackup
# sets an NB_ORA environment variable based on the schedule type.
# The NB_ORA variable is then used to dynamically set BACKUP_TYPE
# For example, when:
#     schedule type is                BACKUP_TYPE is
#     ----------------                --------------
# Automatic Full                     INCREMENTAL LEVEL=0
# Automatic Differential Incremental INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1
# Automatic Cumulative Incremental   INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1 CUMULATIVE
#
# For user initiated backups, BACKUP_TYPE defaults to incremental
# level 0 (full).  To change the default for a user initiated
# backup to incremental or incremental cumulative, uncomment
# one of the following two lines.
# BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1"
# BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1 CUMULATIVE"
#
# Note that we use incremental level 0 to specify full backups.
# That is because, although they are identical in content, only
# the incremental level 0 backup can have incremental backups of
# level > 0 applied to it.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
INCR_DATA=`date '+%A'`

if [ "$INCR_DATA" = "Sunday" ]
then
        echo "Full backup requested" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
        BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=0"

else
        echo "Differential incremental backup requested" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
        BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1"

#elif [ "$NB_ORA_CINC" = "1" ]
#then
#        echo "Cumulative incremental backup requested" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
#        BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1 CUMULATIVE"
#
#elif [ "$BACKUP_TYPE" = "" ]
#then
#        echo "Default - Full backup requested" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
#        BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=0"
fi

echo "BACKUP_TYPE">> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo ${BACKUP_TYPE} >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Call Recovery Manager to initiate the backup. This example does not use a
# Recovery Catalog. If you choose to use one, replace the option 'nocatalog'
# from the rman command line below with the
# 'catalog <userid>/<passwd>@<net service name>' statement.
#
# Note: Any environment variables needed at run time by RMAN
#       must be set and exported within the switch user (su) command.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Backs up the whole database.  This backup is part of the incremental
#  strategy (this means it can have incremental backups of levels > 0
#  applied to it).
#
#  We do not need to explicitly request the control file to be included
#  in this backup, as it is automatically included each time file 1 of
#  the system tablespace is backed up (the inference: as it is a whole
#  database backup, file 1 of the system tablespace will be backed up,
#  hence the controlfile will also be included automatically).
#
#  Typically, a level 0 backup would be done at least once a week.
#
#  The scenario assumes:
#     o you are backing your database up to two tape drives
#     o you want each backup set to include a maximum of 5 files
#     o you wish to include offline datafiles, and read-only tablespaces,
#       in the backup
#     o you want the backup to continue if any files are inaccessible.
#     o you are not using a Recovery Catalog
#     o you are explicitly backing up the control file.  Since you are
#       specifying nocatalog, the controlfile backup that occurs
#       automatically as the result of backing up the system file is
#       not sufficient; it will not contain records for the backup that
#       is currently in progress.
#     o you want to archive the current log, back up all the
#       archive logs using two channels, putting a maximum of 20 logs
#       in a backup set, and deleting them once the backup is complete.
#
#  Note that the format string is constructed to guarantee uniqueness and
#  to enhance NetBackup for Oracle backup and restore performance.
#
#
#  NOTE WHEN USING NET SERVICE NAME: When connecting to a database
#  using a net service name, you must use a send command or a parms operand to
#  specify environment variables.  In other words, when accessing a database
#  through a listener, the environment variables set at the system level are not
#  visible when RMAN is running.  For more information on the environment
#  variables, please refer to the NetBackup for Oracle Admin. Guide.
#
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME
export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=$ORACLE_SID
export ORACLE_SID
$RMAN target $TARGET_CONNECT_STR nocatalog msglog $RMAN_LOG_FILE append << EOF
RUN {
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE DISK;
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch01 TYPE DISK;
# crosscheck archivelog
CROSSCHECK ARCHIVELOG ALL;
# crosscheck backup image
CROSSCHECK BACKUP;
#DELETE OBSOLETE BACKUP IMAGE
DELETE NOPROMPT OBSOLETE;
#DELETE EXPIRED BACKUP IMAGE
DELETE NOPROMPT EXPIRED BACKUP;
BACKUP
    $BACKUP_TYPE
    SKIP INACCESSIBLE
    TAG hot_db_bk_level0
    FILESPERSET 2
    # recommended format
    FORMAT '${RMAN_IMAGE_DIR}/bk_%s_%p_%t'
    DATABASE;
    sql 'alter system archive log current';
RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch01;
# backup all archive logs
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE DISK;
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch01 TYPE DISK;
BACKUP
   filesperset 20
   FORMAT '${RMAN_IMAGE_DIR}/al_%s_%p_%t'
   ARCHIVELOG ALL DELETE INPUT;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch01;
#
# Note: During the process of backing up the database, RMAN also backs up the
# control file.  This version of the control file does not contain the
# information about the current backup because "nocatalog" has been specified.
# To include the information about the current backup, the control file should
# be backed up as the last step of the RMAN section.  This step would not be
# necessary if we were using a recovery catalog or auto control file backups.
#
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE DISK;
BACKUP
    # recommended format
    FORMAT '${RMAN_IMAGE_DIR}/cntrl_%s_%p_%t'
    CURRENT CONTROLFILE;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;
}
exit
EOF

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Print date to logfile
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

echo Script $0 >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo ==== end on `date` ==== >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

把脚本增加到crontab中

[oracle@11rac1 ~]$ crontab -l
1 3 * * * ksh /home/oracle/hot_rman_backup.sh >>/home/oracle/log/hot_rman_backup_crontab_`date "+\%Y\%m\%d\%H\%M"`.log 2>&1

每天早上的3点进行备份，另外我们还需要的就是在RMAN中配置备份的保留时间与controlfile与spfile的自己备份。