一、安装环境:虚拟机安装 VMware Workstation 7.1.3 build-324285
二、创建虚拟机:如图所示;
三、操作系统:ISO CentOS-5.5-x86_64-bin-DVD-1of2.ISO;
四、安装步骤:
1.开机光盘启动,进入启动画面,选择文本模式安装:输入linux text后回车;
2.选择Skip,跳过光盘介质的测试;
3.点击OK继续;
4.选择安装过程语言:选择English;
5.选择键盘布局:选择US;
6.警告我们磁盘上之前的数据会被初始化而丢失,选择Yes继续;
7.磁盘分区画面:选择自定义分区Create custom layout;
8.将光标移到“Free space”上,按键盘的F2键(或者按TAB键移动到NEW按钮上回车),新建分区;
9.在创建分区界面分别选择分区挂载点,文件系统类型选择ext3,分区大小,以及是否强制设置这个分区为主分区,之后选择OK;
10.上图为我的分区结果,OK后继续下一步;
11. 选择引导程序:GRUB Boot Loader,选择OK继续;
12.直接选择OK继续;
13.设置引导程序的密码界面:不设置,点击OK继续;
14.选择默认启动的系统。直接选择OK继续;
15.引导程序的安装位置:选择主引导扇区(MBR),选择OK;
16.是否配置网卡,yes继续;
17.在下图界面中,选择系统启动时激活,并启动IPv4支持,然后OK;
18.选择手工配置IP,输入IP地址:192.168.128.5,子网掩码:24;
19.配置网关、DNS:192.168.128.2 192.168.128.2;
20.手工配置主机名:falcontest;
21.选择时区:Asia/Shanghai;
22.输入root账号的密码;
23.选择要安装的程序包:这里选择Customize software selection,即选择定制软件,OK进入下一步;
24.包组选择:下图这个界面,全部都不勾选。(按F2可以查看包组的详细信息)OK,进入下一步;
默认选定的是:Base、 Dialup Networtking Support、Editors、Text-based Internet
25.进入下图软件包安装界面:可以看到总共有233个软件包被安装,占用500MB硬盘空间;
26.安装完成,按下reboot重启即可。
注:
1.在第18、19步中配置的IP、网关以及DNS是因为VMware虚拟机使用NAT虚拟网络的配置方案,宿主机使用ADSL拨号上网。
2.所谓最小化安装是因为服务器系统的软件包安装的越少越好,当然前提是满足自己的需求。
分别测试在在第24步选择软件包组的时候:仅仅选择Base(基本)时将安装445个软件包,占用磁盘空间762MB;在第23步时候选择server将安装552个软件包,占用磁盘空间967MB;测试截图分别如下:
第24步仅仅勾选Base时安装的软件包截图:
第24步勾选base以及editors时安装的软件包截图:
第23步选择server进行安装时,安装的软件包截图:
3.第23步选择server安装以及第24步勾选仅仅勾选base或者全部不勾选所安装的全部rpm包列表在附件中有。
对比勾选base时和全部不勾选时所安装的软件包结果如下:
勾选base时多安装了212个软件包:
- [root@falcontest test]# comm -12 <(sort noselect-rpmlist.txt) <(sort base-rpmlist.txt) | wc -l
- 233
- [root@falcontest test]# comm -23 <(sort noselect-rpmlist.txt) <(sort base-rpmlist.txt) | wc -l
- 0
- [root@falcontest test]# comm -13 <(sort noselect-rpmlist.txt) <(sort base-rpmlist.txt) | wc -l
- 212
勾选base时比全部不勾选时多安装的212个软件包如下:
- [root@falcontest test]# comm -13 <(sort noselect-rpmlist.txt) <(sort base-rpmlis
- t.txt)
- acl-2.2.39-6.el5
- acpid-1.0.4-9.el5_4.2
- amtu-1.0.6-1.el5
- anacron-2.3-45.el5.centos
- aspell-0.60.3-7.1
- aspell-0.60.3-7.1
- aspell-en-6.0-2.1
- at-3.1.8-84.el5
- attr-2.4.32-1.1
- audit-1.7.17-3.el5
- autofs-5.0.1-0.rc2.143.el5
- avahi-0.6.16-7.el5
- avahi-compat-libdns_sd-0.6.16-7.el5
- bc-1.06-21
- bind-libs-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2
- bind-utils-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2
- bluez-gnome-0.5-5.fc6
- bluez-libs-3.7-1.1
- bluez-utils-3.7-2.2.el5.centos
- bzip2-1.0.3-4.el5_2
- ccid-1.3.8-1.el5
- conman-0.1.9.2-8.el5
- coolkey-1.1.0-14.el5
- coolkey-1.1.0-14.el5
- cpuspeed-1.2.1-9.el5
- crash-4.1.2-4.el5.centos
- cryptsetup-luks-1.0.3-5.el5
- cups-1.3.7-18.el5
- curl-7.15.5-9.el5
- cyrus-sasl-2.1.22-5.el5_4.3
- cyrus-sasl-lib-2.1.22-5.el5_4.3
- cyrus-sasl-plain-2.1.22-5.el5_4.3
- cyrus-sasl-plain-2.1.22-5.el5_4.3
- db4-4.3.29-10.el5
- dbus-glib-0.73-8.el5
- dbus-libs-1.1.2-14.el5
- dbus-python-0.70-9.el5_4
- desktop-file-utils-0.10-7
- dnsmasq-2.45-1.1.el5_3
- dos2unix-3.1-27.2.el5
- dosfstools-2.11-9.el5
- dump-0.4b41-4.el5
- eject-2.1.5-4.2.el5
- fbset-2.1-22
- finger-0.17-32.2.1.1
- firstboot-tui-1.4.27.8-1.el5.centos
- ftp-0.17-35.el5
- gamin-0.1.7-8.el5
- gamin-python-0.1.7-8.el5
- GConf2-2.14.0-9.el5
- gettext-0.14.6-4.el5
- gnupg-1.4.5-14
- gpm-1.20.1-74.1
- gpm-1.20.1-74.1
- groff-1.18.1.1-11.1
- hal-0.5.8.1-59.el5
- hesiod-3.1.0-8
- htmlview-4.0.0-2.el5
- ifd-egate-0.05-15
- ipsec-tools-0.6.5-13.el5_3.1
- iptstate-1.4-2.el5
- irda-utils-0.9.17-2.fc6
- irqbalance-0.55-15.el5
- jwhois-3.2.3-8.el5
- krb5-workstation-1.6.1-36.el5_4.1
- ksh-20100202-1.el5
- lftp-3.7.11-4.el5
- libaio-0.3.106-5
- libaio-0.3.106-5
- libcap-1.10-26
- libdaemon-0.10-5.el5
- libdaemon-0.10-5.el5
- libdrm-2.0.2-1.1
- libdrm-2.0.2-1.1
- libevent-1.4.13-1
- libgssapi-0.10-2
- libICE-1.0.1-2.1
- libICE-1.0.1-2.1
- libIDL-0.8.7-1.fc6
- libidn-0.6.5-1.1
- libnotify-0.4.2-6.el5
- libpcap-0.9.4-15.el5
- libSM-1.0.1-3.1
- libSM-1.0.1-3.1
- libusb-0.1.12-5.1
- libutempter-1.1.4-4.el5
- libutempter-1.1.4-4.el5
- libvolume_id-095-14.21.el5
- libwnck-2.16.0-4.fc6
- libxml2-python-2.6.26-2.1.2.8
- libXres-1.0.1-3.1
- libXt-1.0.2-3.2.el5
- libXt-1.0.2-3.2.el5
- libXxf86vm-1.0.1-3.1
- libXxf86vm-1.0.1-3.1
- logwatch-7.3-8.el5
- lsof-4.78-3
- m4-1.4.5-3.el5.1
- mailcap-2.1.23-1.fc6
- mailx-8.1.1-44.2.2
- make-3.81-3.el5
- man-1.6d-1.1
- man-pages-2.39-15.el5_4
- mcelog-0.9pre-1.29.el5
- mdadm-2.6.9-3.el5
- mesa-libGL-6.5.1-7.8.el5
- mesa-libGL-6.5.1-7.8.el5
- mgetty-1.1.33-9.fc6
- microcode_ctl-1.17-1.50.el5
- mkbootdisk-1.5.3-2.1
- mlocate-0.15-1.el5.2
- mtools-3.9.10-2.fc6
- mtr-0.71-3.1
- nano-1.3.12-1.1
- nc-1.84-10.fc6
- ncurses-5.5-24.20060715
- NetworkManager-0.7.0-10.el5
- NetworkManager-0.7.0-10.el5
- NetworkManager-glib-0.7.0-10.el5
- NetworkManager-glib-0.7.0-10.el5
- nfs-utils-1.0.9-44.el5
- nfs-utils-lib-1.0.8-7.6.el5
- notification-daemon-0.3.5-9.el5
- nscd-2.5-49
- nss_db-2.2-35.3
- nss_db-2.2-35.3
- nss_ldap-253-25.el5
- nss_ldap-253-25.el5
- nss-tools-3.12.3.99.3-1.el5.centos.2
- ntsysv-1.3.30.2-2.el5
- numactl-0.9.8-11.el5
- numactl-0.9.8-11.el5
- oddjob-0.27-9.el5
- oddjob-libs-0.27-9.el5
- openldap-2.3.43-12.el5
- ORBit2-2.14.3-5.el5
- pam_ccreds-3-5
- pam_ccreds-3-5
- pam_krb5-2.2.14-15
- pam_krb5-2.2.14-15
- pam_passwdqc-1.0.2-1.2.2
- pam_passwdqc-1.0.2-1.2.2
- pam_pkcs11-0.5.3-23
- pam_pkcs11-0.5.3-23
- pam_smb-1.1.7-7.2.1
- pam_smb-1.1.7-7.2.1
- paps-0.6.6-19.el5
- parted-1.8.1-27.el5
- parted-1.8.1-27.el5
- patch-2.5.4-29.2.3.el5
- pax-3.4-2.el5_4
- pcmciautils-014-5
- pcsc-lite-1.4.4-1.el5
- pcsc-lite-libs-1.4.4-1.el5
- perl-5.8.8-27.el5
- perl-String-CRC32-1.4-2.fc6
- pinfo-0.6.9-1.fc6
- pkinit-nss-0.7.6-1.el5
- poppler-0.5.4-4.4.el5_4.11
- poppler-utils-0.5.4-4.4.el5_4.11
- portmap-4.0-65.2.2.1
- ppp-2.4.4-2.el5
- procmail-3.22-17.1.el5.centos
- psacct-6.3.2-44.el5
- pygobject2-2.12.1-5.el5
- quota-3.13-1.2.5.el5
- rdate-1.4-8.el5
- rdist-6.1.5-44
- readahead-1.3-8.el5
- redhat-lsb-3.1-12.3.EL.el5.centos
- redhat-lsb-3.1-12.3.EL.el5.centos
- redhat-menus-6.7.8-3.el5
- rmt-0.4b41-4.el5
- rng-utils-2.0-1.14.1.fc6
- rp-pppoe-3.5-32.1
- rsh-0.17-40.el5
- rsync-2.6.8-3.1
- sendmail-8.13.8-8.el5
- setarch-2.0-1.1
- setuptool-1.19.2-1.el5.centos
- smartmontools-5.38-2.el5
- sos-1.7-9.49.el5
- specspo-13-1.el5.centos
- startup-notification-0.8-4.1
- stunnel-4.15-2.el5.1
- sudo-1.7.2p1-5.el5
- symlinks-1.2-24.2.2
- syslinux-3.11-4
- system-config-network-tui-1.3.99.18-1.el5
- talk-0.17-29.2.2
- tcpdump-3.9.4-15.el5
- tcp_wrappers-7.6-40.7.el5
- tcsh-6.14-17.el5
- telnet-0.17-39.el5
- time-1.7-27.2.2
- tmpwatch-2.9.7-1.1.el5.2
- traceroute-2.0.1-5.el5
- tree-1.5.0-4
- unix2dos-2.2-26.2.3.el5
- unzip-5.52-3.el5
- usbutils-0.71-2.1
- vconfig-1.9-3
- vixie-cron-4.1-77.el5_4.1
- wget-1.11.4-2.el5_4.1
- which-2.16-7
- wireless-tools-28-2.el5
- words-3.0-9.1
- wpa_supplicant-0.5.10-9.el5
- ypbind-1.19-12.el5
- yp-tools-2.9-1.el5
- yum-updatesd-0.9-2.el5
- zip-2.31-2.el5
第24步勾选base与第23步选择server安装所安装的软件包对比:
- [root@falcontest test]# comm -12 <(sort base-rpmlist.txt) <(sort server-rpmlist.txt) | wc -l
- 445
- [root@falcontest test]# comm -13 <(sort base-rpmlist.txt) <(sort server-rpmlist.txt) | wc -l
- 107
- [root@falcontest test]# comm -23 <(sort base-rpmlist.txt) <(sort server-rpmlist.txt) | wc -l
- 0
选择server安装比勾选base安装多安装的107个软件包为:
- [root@falcontest test]# comm -13 <(sort base-rpmlist.txt) <(sort server-rpmlist.
- txt)
- alchemist-1.0.36-2.el5
- alsa-lib-1.0.17-1.el5
- apr-1.2.7-11.el5_3.1
- apr-util-1.2.7-11.el5
- audiofile-0.2.6-5
- avahi-glib-0.6.16-7.el5
- bind-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2
- bind-chroot-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2
- cadaver-0.22.3-4.el5
- crypto-utils-2.3-2.el5
- cyrus-sasl-2.1.22-5.el5_4.3
- distcache-1.4.5-14.1
- distcache-1.4.5-14.1
- dovecot-1.0.7-7.el5
- elinks-0.11.1-6.el5_4.1
- esound-0.2.36-3
- fetchmail-6.3.6-1.1.el5_3.1
- gd-2.0.33-9.4.el5_4.2
- gdbm-1.8.0-26.2.1
- gmp-4.1.4-10.el5
- gnome-keyring-0.6.0-1.fc6
- gnome-mime-data-2.4.2-3.1
- gnome-mount-0.5-3.el5
- gnome-python2-2.16.0-1.fc6
- gnome-python2-bonobo-2.16.0-1.fc6
- gnome-python2-canvas-2.16.0-1.fc6
- gnome-python2-gnomevfs-2.16.0-1.fc6
- gnome-vfs2-2.16.2-6.el5
- httpd-2.2.3-43.el5.centos
- httpd-manual-2.2.3-43.el5.centos
- inews-2.4.3-9.el5
- inn-2.4.3-9.el5
- isdn4k-utils-3.2-56.el5
- libart_lgpl-2.3.17-4
- libbonobo-2.16.0-1.fc6
- libbonoboui-2.16.0-1.fc6
- libglade2-2.6.0-2
- libgnome-2.16.0-6.el5
- libgnomecanvas-2.14.0-4.1
- libgnomeui-2.16.0-5.el5
- libsmbclient-3.0.33-3.28.el5
- libwvstreams-4.2.2-2.1
- libXpm-3.5.5-3
- libxslt-1.1.17-2.el5_2.2
- libxslt-python-1.1.17-2.el5_2.2
- lockdev-1.0.1-10
- lrzsz-0.12.20-22.1
- minicom-2.1-3
- mod_perl-2.0.4-6.el5
- mod_python-3.2.8-3.1
- mod_ssl-2.2.3-43.el5.centos
- mutt-1.4.2.2-3.0.2.el5
- mysql-5.0.77-4.el5_4.2
- neon-0.25.5-10.el5_4.1
- newt-perl-1.08-9.2.2
- perl-Archive-Tar-1.30-1.fc6
- perl-BSD-Resource-1.28-1.fc6.1
- perl-Compress-Zlib-1.42-1.fc6
- perl-Convert-ASN1-0.20-1.1
- perl-DBI-1.52-2.el5
- perl-Digest-HMAC-1.01-15
- perl-Digest-SHA1-2.11-1.2.1
- perl-HTML-Parser-3.55-1.fc6
- perl-HTML-Tagset-3.10-2.1.1
- perl-IO-Socket-INET6-2.51-2.fc6
- perl-IO-Socket-SSL-1.01-1.fc6
- perl-IO-Zlib-1.04-4.2.1
- perl-libwww-perl-5.805-1.1.1
- perl-Net-DNS-0.59-3.el5
- perl-Net-IP-1.25-2.fc6
- perl-Net-SSLeay-1.30-4.fc6
- perl-Socket6-0.19-3.fc6
- perl-URI-1.35-3
- php-5.1.6-27.el5
- php-cli-5.1.6-27.el5
- php-common-5.1.6-27.el5
- php-ldap-5.1.6-27.el5
- pkgconfig-0.21-2.el5
- postgresql-libs-8.1.18-2.el5_4.1
- pycairo-1.2.0-1.1
- pygtk2-2.10.1-12.el5
- pygtk2-libglade-2.10.1-12.el5
- pyorbit-2.14.1-3.el5
- python-numeric-23.7-2.2.2
- rusers-0.17-47
- rwho-0.17-26
- samba-3.0.33-3.28.el5
- samba-client-3.0.33-3.28.el5
- samba-common-3.0.33-3.28.el5
- sendmail-cf-8.13.8-8.el5
- shared-mime-info-0.19-5.el5
- slrn-0.9.8.1pl1-1.2.2
- spamassassin-3.2.5-1.el5
- squid-2.6.STABLE21-6.el5
- system-config-httpd-1.3.3.3-1.el5
- system-config-nfs-1.3.23-1.el5
- system-config-samba-1.2.41-5.el5
- system-config-securitylevel-1.6.29.1-5.el5
- system-config-services-0.9.4-5.el5
- tux-3.2.18-9.fc6
- usermode-gtk-1.88-3.el5.2
- vim-common-7.0.109-6.el5
- vim-enhanced-7.0.109-6.el5
- vsftpd-2.0.5-16.el5_4.1
- webalizer-2.01_10-30.1
- wvdial-1.54.0-5.2.2.1
- xinetd-2.3.14-10.el5
总结:由以上对比可以发现如果在第24步全部不勾选进行安装的话,因为很多软件包并未安装因此将会有很多命令无法使用,例如:
bzip2 curl dump ftp zip wget which sudo lsb_release lsof man make setup whois ntsysv perl等等。
而选用server安装相比自定义勾选base安装却会将apache、php、samba、vsftpd、bind、mysql等服务一股脑的安装上去,这也是我们所不希望的,有些服务可能我们也用不到,还是自己定制编译安装较好。
因此个人建议最好是勾选base安装比较好。