oracle 在同一台主机上建立用户管理的复制数据库

在同一台主机上建立用户管理的复制数据库

下面给出一些步骤
1.备份主数据库（rau）的所有数据文件，备份控制文件到跟踪文件。（rau为主数据库）。
[oracle@source ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba       
SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME
--------------------------------
rau        
SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/home/oracle/oradata/rau/system01.dbf
/home/oracle/oradata/rau/undotbs01.dbf
/home/oracle/oradata/rau/sysaux01.dbf
/home/oracle/oradata/rau/users01.dbf

SQL> alter database begin backup;

Database altered.

SQL> host cp /home/oracle/oradata/rau/*.dbf /home/oracle/duplicate_backup/

SQL> host ls -l /home/oracle/duplicate_backup/
total 768876
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 251666432 May  6 01:00 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 503324672 May  6 01:01 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  20979712 May  6 01:01 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  26222592 May  6 01:01 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   5251072 May  6 01:01 users01.dbf

SQL> alter database end backup;

Database altered.

SQL> alter system archive log current;

System altered.

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace resetlogs;

Database altered.

2.建立复制数据库各种相关文件的OS目录。
[oracle@source ~]$ echo $ORACLE_BASE
/home/oracle
[oracle@source ~]$ mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dupdb
[oracle@source ~]$ mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dupdb/adump
[oracle@source ~]$ mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dupdb/bdump
[oracle@source ~]$ mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dupdb/cdump
[oracle@source ~]$ mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dupdb/ddump
[oracle@source ~]$ mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dupdb/pfile
[oracle@source ~]$ mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dupdb/udump
[oracle@source ~]$ mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/dupdb   --数据文件目录

[oracle@source ~]$ mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/flash_recovery_area/DUPDB   --使用闪回区存放归档日志

3.建立实例服务。当在unix/linux平台需要使用orapwd工具为复制数据库实例建立口令文件;如果为win平台，需要使用oradim 工具建立实例服务。
[oracle@source ~]$ orapwd file=/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwdupdb password=oracle

4.访问主数据库(rau)建立参数文件，并适当修改参数文件。
SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME
--------------------------------
rau

SQL> create pfile='$ORACLE_BASE/admin/dupdb/pfile/initdupdb.ora' from spfile;

File created.

SQL> host ls -l $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dupdb/pfile
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 990 May  6 01:26 initdupdb.ora

修改initdupdb.ora文件的这些参数：
dupdb.__db_cache_size=180355072
dupdb.__java_pool_size=4194304
dupdb.__large_pool_size=4194304
dupdb.__shared_pool_size=83886080
dupdb.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/home/oracle/admin/dupdb/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/home/oracle/admin/dupdb/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/home/oracle/oradata/dupdb/control01.ctl','/home/oracle/oradata/dupdb/control02.ctl','/home/oracle/oradata/dupdb/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/home/oracle/admin/dupdb/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='dupdb'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/home/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.dispatchers=''
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=91226112
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=274726912
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/home/oracle/admin/dupdb/udump'
如果不使用闪回区存放归档日志，log_archive_dest_n也需要修改。
如果参数文件中含有实例名(instance_name)、服务名(service_names)，也需要修改。

5.复制主数据库的数据文件备份到复制数据库所在的目录。
[oracle@source ~]$ cp /home/oracle/duplicate_backup/*.dbf /home/oracle/oradata/dupdb/
[oracle@source ~]$ ll /home//oracle/oradata/dupdb/
total 768876
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 251666432 May  6 01:58 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 503324672 May  6 01:59 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  20979712 May  6 01:59 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  26222592 May  6 01:59 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   5251072 May  6 01:59 users01.dbf

6.启动实例，并建立控制文件。
[oracle@source ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=dupdb
[oracle@source ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup nomount pfile='$ORACLE_BASE/admin/dupdb/pfile/initdupdb.ora';
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  276824064 bytes
Fixed Size                  2020160 bytes
Variable Size              92277952 bytes
Database Buffers          180355072 bytes
Redo Buffers                2170880 bytes
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
create spfile from pfile
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file
'/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initdupdb.ora'


SQL> create spfile from pfile='$ORACLE_BASE/admin/dupdb/pfile/initdupdb.ora';

File created.

SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE SET DATABASE "DUPDB" RESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
  2      MAXLOGFILES 16
  3      MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
  4      MAXDATAFILES 100
  5      MAXINSTANCES 8
  6      MAXLOGHISTORY 292
  7  LOGFILE
  8    GROUP 1 '/home/oracle/oradata/dupdb/redo01.log'  SIZE 50M,
  9    GROUP 2 '/home/oracle/oradata/dupdb/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M,
 10    GROUP 3 '/home/oracle/oradata/dupdb/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M
 11  DATAFILE
 12    '/home/oracle/oradata/dupdb/system01.dbf',
 13    '/home/oracle/oradata/dupdb/undotbs01.dbf',
 14    '/home/oracle/oradata/dupdb/sysaux01.dbf',
 15    '/home/oracle/oradata/dupdb/users01.dbf'
 16  CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
 17  ;

Control file created.

7.恢复复制数据库。
[oracle@source 2012_05_06]$ cp o1_mf_1_2_7tbqdyn6_.arc /home/oracle/flash_recovery_area/DUPDB/archivelog/2012_05_06/

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel
ORA-00279: change 540666 generated at 05/06/2012 00:56:16 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/home/oracle/flash_recovery_area/DUPDB/archivelog/2012_05_06/o1_mf_1_2_%u_.arc
ORA-00280: change 540666 for thread 1 is in sequence #2


Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

ORA-00279: change 540986 generated at 05/06/2012 01:04:30 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/home/oracle/flash_recovery_area/DUPDB/archivelog/2012_05_06/o1_mf_1_3_%u_.arc
ORA-00280: change 540986 for thread 1 is in sequence #3
ORA-00278: log file
'/home/oracle/flash_recovery_area/DUPDB/archivelog/2012_05_06/o1_mf_1_2_7tbqdyn6
_.arc' no longer needed for this recovery


Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

ORA-00308: cannot open archived log
'/home/oracle/flash_recovery_area/DUPDB/archivelog/2012_05_06/o1_mf_1_3_%u_.arc'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3


SQL> select name from v$archived_log;  --已成功应用该归档

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/home/oracle/flash_recovery_area/DUPDB/archivelog/2012_05_06/o1_mf_1_2_7tbqdyn6_
.arc

可能是由于使用闪回区存放归档日志的原因，使用set logsource ‘/home/oracle/flash_recovery_area/RAU/archivelog/2012_05_06/’ 指定要使用的归档目录、
或使用ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/home/oracle/flash_recovery_area/RAU/archivelog/2012_05_06/o1_mf_1_2_%u_.arc' 或
ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/home/oracle/flash_recovery_area/RAU/archivelog/2012_05_06/o1_mf_1_2_7tbqdyn6_.arc';
均不能正常注册归档日志（报错：ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level）。
最后将需要的归档日志从home/oracle/flash_recovery_area/RAU/archivelog/2012_05_06 复制到home/oracle/flash_recovery_area/DUPDB/archivelog/2012_05_06后，直接运行recover database using backup controlfile until cancel  便能够识别需要的归档日志，然后成功打开数据库。

8.使用resetlogs打开数据库。

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.

SQL> select checkpoint_change#,resetlogs_change# from v$database;

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# RESETLOGS_CHANGE#
------------------ -----------------
            540988            540987

SQL> select checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
------------------
            540988
            540988
            540988
            540988

SQL> select checkpoint_change#,resetlogs_change# from v$datafile_header;

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# RESETLOGS_CHANGE#
------------------ -----------------
            540988            540987
            540988            540987
            540988            540987
            540988            540987
           
到此成功将rau数据库复制为dupdb数据库。