LNMP环境构建
LNMP(Linux+Nginx+Mysql+Php)就是在Linux系统中,通过编译安装Nginx,Mysql,Php来提供一个支持Php动态网页的Web服务器,构建过程如下:
libevent-2.0.16-stable.tar.gz
nginx-1.0.11(下载地址为:http://mirrors.sohu.com)
php-5.3.7 (http://www.php.net/downloads.php)
mysql-5.0.81.tar.gz编译安装过程
安装nginx包
1、要解决依赖关系
编译安装nginx事先需要安装开发包组"Development Tools"和 "Development Libraries"。
默认libevent包已经安装。
[root@server ~]# yum list all | grep libevent
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
libevent.i386 1.1a-3.2.1 installed
libevent-devel.i386 1.1a-3.2.1 rhel-server
安装libevent源码包:
[root@server ~]# tar -zxvf libevent-2.0.16-stable.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@server ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@server src]# cd libevent-2.0.16-stable/
[root@server src]# ./configure
[root@server libevent-2.0.16-stable]# make && make install
[root@server libevent-2.0.16-stable]# cd /usr/local/
[root@server local]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/libevent.conf
/usr/local/lib
同时,还需要专门安装pcre-devel包:
# yum -y install pcre-devel
安装nginx源码包:
首先添加用户nginx,实现以之运行nginx服务进程:
解压nginx包
[root@server ~]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.0.11.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@server ~]# cd nginx-0.1.11
[root@server nginx-1.0.11]# groupadd -r nginx
[root@server nginx-1.0.11]# useradd -r -g nginx -s /bin/false -M nginx
接着开始编译和安装:
[root@server nginx-0.1.11]# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr \ --指定安装路径
--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \ --指定sbin安装路径
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \ --指定nginx的配置文件路径
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \ --指定错误日志路径
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \ --指定访问日志路径
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \ --指定pid路径
--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \ --指定锁文件路径
--user=nginx \ --指定运行此服务的用户
--group=nginx \ --指定运行此服务的组
--with-http_ssl_module \ --编译安装上ssl模块
--with-http_flv_module \ --编译安装上flv模块
--with-http_stub_status_module \ --编译安装上status模块
--with-http_gzip_static_module \ --编译安装上static模块
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \ --启动fastcgi功能
--with-pcre
然后编译安装源码:
[root@server nginx-1.0.11]# make & make install
为nginx提供SysV init脚本
[root@server html]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
#!/bin/sh
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
for opt in $options; do
if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
# echo "creating" $value
mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
fi
fi
done
}
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
而后为此脚本赋予执行权限:
[root@server html]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
添加到服务启动列表,并设定开机启动,同时启动该服务
[root@server html]# chkconfig --add nginx
[root@server html]# chkconfig nginx on
[root@server html]# service nginx start
查看监听端口:
[root@server html]# netstat -tupln |grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 11849/nginx.conf
测试:
安装mysql源码包:
新建用户以安全方式运行mysql进程
[root@server html]# groupadd -r mysql
[root@server html]# useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
解压mysql包
[root@server ~]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.0.81.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
编译安装:
[root@server ~]# cd /usr/local/ mysql-5.0.81
[root@server mysql-5.0.81]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql
[root@server mysql-5.0.81]# make && make install
改变文件所有者:
[root@server mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql .
[root@server mysql-5.0.81]# chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/var/
为mysql提供主配置文件:
[root@server mysql]# cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
初始化:
[root@server mysql-5.0.81]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
后台安全运行:
[root@server mysql-5.0.81]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql
[root@server mysql-5.0.81]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql
为mysql提供mysql的服务脚本文件
[root@server mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
赋予脚本执行权限
[root@server mysql-5.0.81]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
设置系统全局的环境变量PATH值,方便使用mysql数据库命令
[root@server mysql-5.0.81]# echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
将mysql添加至服务列表:
[root@server mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@server mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@server mysql-5.0.81]# service mysqld start启动mysqld服务
安装php源码包:
解压并编译安装php包:
[root@server ~]# tar -jxvf php-5.3.7.tar.bz2 -C /usr/local/src/
[root@server ~]# cd /usr/local/src/php-5.3.7/
[root@server php-5.3.7]# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/phpnginx \
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \
--enable-fpm\
--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config \
--enable-mbstring \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib-dir --with-libxml-dir=/usr \
--enable-xml \
--with-mhash \
--with-config-file-path=/etc/php \
--with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php \
--with-bz2 --with-curl
[root@server php-5.3.7]#make
[root@server php-5.3.7]#make test
[root@server php-5.3.7]#make install
为php提供配置文件:
[root@server php-5.3.7]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php/php.ini
为php-fpm提供Sysv init脚本,并将其添加至服务列表
[root@server php-5.3.7]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
给它执行权限:
[root@server php-5.3.7]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[root@server php-5.3.7]# chkconfig --add php-fpm
[root@server php-5.3.7]# chkconfig php-fpm on
启动fastcgi:
为php-fpm提供配置文件:
[root@server php-5.3.7]# cp /usr/local/phpnginx/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/phpnginx/etc/php-fpm.conf
编辑php-fpm的配置文件:
[root@server php-5.3.7]# vim /usr/local/phpnginx/etc/php-fpm.conf
166 pm.start_servers = 5
171 pm.min_spare_servers = 2
176 pm.max_spare_servers = 8
25 pid = run/php-fpm.pid
配置pm.的相关选项为自己所需要的值,并启用pid文件(如下最后一行):
pm.max_children = 50 此项pm的值和虚拟机或者物理机的内存有关,根据自己的内存空间进行适当修改。
pm.start_servers = 5 此项是初启动程序时开启的进程数 pm.min_spare_servers = 2 此项是最小空闲进程数
pm.max_spare_servers = 8 此项是最大空闲进程数
pid = run/php-fpm.pid
接下来就可以启动php-fpm了:
[root@server php-5.3.7]# pkill -1 php-fpm 此步是由于提示地址已经使用时候使用其中-1是参数一。
[root@server php-5.3.7]# service php-fpm start
整合nginx和php-5.3.7
编辑如下文件:
[root@server php-5.3.7]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
启用如下选项
65 location ~ \.php$ {
66 root html;
67 fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
68 fastcgi_index index.php;
69 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
70
71
72 include fastcgi_params;
73 }
编辑/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params,删除原有内容将其内容更改为如下内容:
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
并在所支持的主页面格式中添加php格式的主页,类似如下:
43 location / {
44 root html;
45 index index.php index.html index.htm;
46 }
而后重新载入nginx的配置文件:
[root@server php-5.3.7]# service nginx reload
在/usr/html目录下新建index.php的测试页面,测试php是否能正常工作:
[root@server php-5.3.7]# cd /usr/html/
[root@server html]# vim index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
访问该页面:
成功访问,说明nginx已经能提供php服务了。