实验15：静态路由的设置及相关命令
1.实验目的
通过本实验，读者可以掌握以下技能:
设置静态路由
设置启用路由器的路由功能
查看路由表
ping和trace命令的使用
2.设备需求
3台Cisco路由器，其中1台具有2个以太网接口，其余2台至少具有1个以太网接口;
2台Hub，4条双绞线 (也可以用2条交叉网线直接把3台路由器连接起来)
1台终端服务器，如cisco 2509路由器，及用于反向Telnet的相应线缆;
1台带有超级终端程序的PC机，以及Console电缆及转接器。
3.拓扑结构及配置说明
本实验的拓扑结构如图4-2所示。
3台路由器分别命名为R1、R2和R3，所使用的接口和相应的IP地址分配如图4.2中的标注。图中的"/24"表示子网掩码为24位，即255.255.255.0。
实验中，应使用静态路由的设置。实现R2到R3在IP层的连通性，即要求从R2可以ping通R3，反之亦然。
4.实验配置及监测结果
首先，根据拓扑结构图的要求，正确配置各路由器的以太网接口。
接下来的实验记录是从接口的配置工作完成之后开始的，具体内容见配置清单4-1。
配置清单4-1配置和监测静态路由
第1段:测试基本的连通性
Term_Server#1
[Resuming connection I to R1 ...]
R1#ping 10.1.1.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 ms
Ripping 172.16.1.3
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
.!!!!
Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 ms
R1#
(键入ctrl+shift+6,x,切换回终端服务器)
Term_Server#2
[Resuming connection 2 to R2 ... ]
R2#ping 172.16.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
R2#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, 0 - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
第2段:加入静态路由并测试连通性
R2#conft
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z,
R2(config)#ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.1
R2(config)#end
R2#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, 0 - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U- per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S 172.16.1.0[1/0]via 10.1.0.1
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted,1subnets
C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, EthernetO
R2#ping 172.16.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
HW
R2#ping 172.16.1.3
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos 10172.16.1.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
success rate is 0 percent(0/5)
R2#
(键入ctrl+shift+6,x,切换回终端服务器)
Term_Server#3
[Resuming connection 3 to R3 ... ]
R3#conft
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.1
R3(config)#^Z
R3#ping 10.1.1.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/5/8 ms
R3#
R3#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP externa1, 0 -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, LI - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, EthernetO
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S 10.1.1.0[1/0]via 172.16.1.1
.
R3#
Term_Server#1
[Resuming connection I to R1 ... ]
R1#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, 0 - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, LI - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted,1 subnets
C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected Ethernet0
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted,1 subnets
C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected Ethernet0
R1#
(键入ctrl+shift+6, x切换回终端服务器)
Term_Server#2
[Resuming connection 2 to R2 ... ]
R2#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, 0 - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, LI - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
S 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0
R2#
(键入ctrl+shift+6, x切换回终端服器)
第3段:使用trace命令
Term_Server#3
[Resuming connection 3 to R3 ... ]
R3#trace 10.1.1.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 10.1.1.2
1 172.16.1.14msec 4 msec 4 msec
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