在华为路由器上配置单区域OSPF

在华为路由器上配置单区域OSPF
 
相信大家看到更多的是在思科设备上的配置,之前我也在思科的设备上做过不少路由的实验,最近有机会接触华为的整套路由和交换设备,于是也做了一些实验。下面和大家分享分享。
 
拓扑:3 台路由器AR-28 1 台交换机
步骤:
1.       配置路由器的接口 IP地址 (包括物理接口和 Loopback口 ,其中 Loopback口用来模拟主机 )
# 配置 Router A
[Router A] interface ethernet 0/0
[Router A-Ethernet0/0] ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
[Router A-Ethernet0/0] quit
 
[Router A] interface loopback 0
[Router A-LoopBack0] ip address 192.168.31.11 255.255.255.255
// 使用 32 位子网掩码 , Loopback0 当作是一台主机
 
[Router A-LoopBack0] quit
 
 
# 配置 Router B
[Router B] interface ethernet 0/0
[Router B-Ethernet0/0] ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
[Router B-Ethernet0/0] quit
 
[Router B] interface loopback 0
[Router B-LoopBack0] ip address 192.168.31.22 255.255.255.255
//使用32位子网掩码,把Loopback0当作是一台主机
 
[Router B-LoopBack0] quit
 
# 配置 Router C
[Router C] interface ethernet 0/0
[Router C-Ethernet0/0] ip address 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0
[Router C-Ethernet0/0] quit
 
[Router C] interface loopback 0
[Router C-LoopBack0] ip address 192.168.31.33 255.255.255.255
//使用32位子网掩码,把Loopback0当作是一台主机
 
[Router C-LoopBack0] quit
 
2.       开启 OSPF进程 ,发布相应的网段
[Router A] ospf 1 router id 192.168.1.1    //手工配置Router-ID
[Router A-ospf-1] area 0
[Router A-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[Router A-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.31.11 0.0.0.0
 
[Router B] ospf 1 router id 192.168.1.2    //手工配置Router-ID
[Router B-ospf-1] area 0
[Router B-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[Router B-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.31.22 0.0.0.0
 
[Router C] ospf 1 router id 192.168.1.3    //手工配置Router-ID
[Router C-ospf-1] area 0
[Router C-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[Router C-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.31.33 0.0.0.0
 
 
3.       查看路由表
[RouterA]display ip routing-table
 Routing Table: public net
Destination/Mask   Protocol Pre  Cost        Nexthop         Interface
127.0.0.0/8        DIRECT   0    0           127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32       DIRECT   0    0           127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
192.168.1.0/24     DIRECT   0    0           192.168.1.1     Ethernet0/0
192.168.1.1/32     DIRECT   0    0           127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
192.168.31.11/32   DIRECT   0    0           127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
192.168.31.22/32   OSPF     10   2           192.168.1.2     Ethernet0/0
192.168.31.33/32   OSPF     10   2           192.168.1.3     Ethernet0/0
//说明学习到了邻居发布的主机路由
 
4.       使用 Ping命令验证连通性
[RouterA]ping 192.168.31.22
  PING 192.168.31.22: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 192.168.31.22: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=1 ms
    Reply from 192.168.31.22: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=2 ms
    Reply from 192.168.31.22: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms
    Reply from 192.168.31.22: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=2 ms
    Reply from 192.168.31.22: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=2 ms
 
  --- 192.168.31.22 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/2 ms
 
[RouterA]ping 192.168.31.33
  PING 192.168.31.33: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 192.168.31.33: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=2 ms
    Reply from 192.168.31.33: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=2 ms
    Reply from 192.168.31.33: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=2 ms
    Reply from 192.168.31.33: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=2 ms
    Reply from 192.168.31.33: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=2 ms
 
  --- 192.168.31.33 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/2 ms
//验证成功,可以 ping通邻居的 loopback口
 
5.       具体配置信息
< RouterA >display current-configuration
#
 sysname RouterA
#
interface Ethernet0/0
 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
 ip address 192.168.31.11 255.255.255.255
#
ospf 1 router-id 192.168.1.1
 area 0.0.0.0
  network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
  network 192.168.31.11 0.0.0.0
 
< RouterB>display current-configuration
#
 sysname RouterB
#
interface Ethernet0/0
 ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
 ip address 192.168.31.22 255.255.255.255
#
ospf 1 router-id 192.168.1.2
 area 0.0.0.0
  network 192.168.1.0  0.0.0.255
  network 192.168.31.22  0.0.0.0
 
< RouterC>display current-configuration
#
 sysname RouterC
#
interface Ethernet0/0
 ip address 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
 ip address 192.168.31.33 255.255.255.255
#
ospf 1 router-id 192.168.1.3
 area 0.0.0.0
  network 192.168.1.0  0.0.0.255
  network 192.168.31.33  0.0.0.0
 
[RouterA]display ospf ?
  brief             General information about OSPF routing processes
  interface         OSPF interface information
  lsdb              Details of the OSPF database
  peer              OSPF neighbor lis
 
*************
[RouterA]display ospf brief     // 查看正在运行的 OSPF 进程的简要信息
 
                OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 192.168.1.1
                       OSPF Protocol Information
 
 RouterID: 192.168.1.1
 Spf-schedule-interval: 5
 Routing preference: Inter/Intra: 10 External: 150
 Default ASE parameters: Metric: 1 Tag: 1 Type: 2
 SPF computation count: 3
 Area Count: 1    Nssa Area Count: 0
 
 Area 0.0.0.0:          // 区域 0
   Authtype: none   Flags: <>
   SPF scheduled: <Router Net>
   Interface: 192.168.31.11 (LoopBack0) --> 192.168.31.11
     Cost: 1 State: PtoP    Type: PointToPoint            //loopback0 配置的是点对点类型
     Priority: 1
     Timers: Hello 10, Dead 40, Poll 40, Retransmit 5, Transmit Delay 1
 
   Interface: 192.168.1.1 (Ethernet0/0)
     Cost: 1 State: DROther    Type: Broadcast  //DROther 表明自身既不是 DR, 也不是 BDR
     Priority: 1       // 默认优先级
     Designated Router: 192.168.1.3            //DR Router-ID
     Backup Designated Router: 192.168.1.2      //BDR Router-ID
     Timers: Hello 10, Dead 40, Poll 40, Retransmit 5, Transmit Delay 1
// 从上面的输出信息可以知道本台路由器的身份以及谁是 DR/BDR
 
[RouterA]display ospf lsdb                          // 显示链路状态数据库的信息
 
                OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 192.168.1.1
                         Link State Database
 
                        Area: 0.0.0.0
Type LinkState ID    AdvRouter        Age Len  Sequence   Metric Where
Stub 192.168.31.11   192.168.1.1       37 24   0               0 SpfTree
Stub 192.168.31.22   192.168.1.2       40 24   0               0 SpfTree
Stub 192.168.31.33   192.168.1.3       40 24   0               0 SpfTree
Rtr  192.168.1.1     192.168.1.1       37 48   80000008        0 SpfTree
Rtr  192.168.1.2     192.168.1.2       41 48   80000007        0 Clist
Rtr  192.168.1.3     192.168.1.3       41 48   80000007        0 Clist
Net  192.168.1.3     192.168.1.3       41 36   80000002        0 SpfTree
 
// 红色部分标记的条目是从邻居收到的链路状态信息
 
[RouterA]display ospf peer      // 显示 OSPF 邻居的信息
                OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 192.168.1.1
                               Neighbors
 
  Area 0.0.0.0 interface 192.168.1.1(Ethernet0/0)'s neighbor(s)   // e0/0 口建立的邻居关系
// 以下是邻居的状态信息
  RouterID: 192.168.1.2     Address: 192.168.1.2   
        State: Full  Mode: Nbr is Master  Priority: 1
        DR: 192.168.1.3  BDR: 192.168.1.2
        Dead timer expires in 31s
        Neighbor has been up for 00:00:49   
 
  RouterID: 192.168.1.3     Address: 192.168.1.3   
        State: Full  Mode: Nbr is Master  Priority: 1
        DR: 192.168.1.3  BDR: 192.168.1.2
        Dead timer expires in 34s
        Neighbor has been up for 00:00:57
 
 [RouterA]display ospf routing // 显示 OSPF 路由协议学习到的路由
                OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 192.168.1.1
                             Routing Tables
 
Routing for Network
Destination             Cost Type NextHop         AdvRouter        Area
192.168.31.11/32           1 Stub 192.168.31.11   192.168.1.1      0.0.0.0
192.168.1.0/24             1 Net  192.168.1.1     192.168.1.3      0.0.0.0
192.168.31.22/32           2 Stub 192.168.1.2     192.168.1.2      0.0.0.0
192.168.31.33/32           2 Stub 192.168.1.3     192.168.1.3      0.0.0.0
 
Total Nets: 4
  Intra Area: 4  Inter Area: 0  ASE: 0  NSSA: 0
 
 
[RouterA]display ospf interface // 显示参与 OSPF 进程的路由器接口
 
                OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 192.168.1.1
                               Interfaces
 
  Area: 0.0.0.0       
      IP Address      Type  State    Cost Pri DR              BDR
      192.168.31.11   PtoP  PtoP     1    1   None            None
      192.168.1.1     Bcast DROther  1    1   192.168.1.3     192.168.1.2
 
// 其中 192.168.1.1 对应的是接口 e0/0,192.168.31.11 对应的是接口 loopback0
 
 
总结:在这个简单的拓扑上配置单区域 OSPF 是比较简单的,写这篇文章的目的是让初学者对 OSPF 有一个初步的认识,帮助他们分析在书本上学到的理论,另外还可以给一些对华为路由器设备感兴趣的同志们了解了解,对比华为路由器和思科路由器在命令上的区别。
 

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