邮件服务器Postfix

【实验名称】邮件服务器Postfix的配置

【实验目标】

熟悉邮件服务的基本原理

掌握Postfix服务器的基本配置

掌握dovecot服务器的安装于配置

掌握webmail应用系统的安装于配置

实现双域邮件服务器的收发

【实验原理】

常用的邮件服务器软件

  商业邮件系统 ：

 Exchange：微软公司的重量级产品，与Windows系列软件产品相集成，协作性较好

 Notes/Domino：IBM公司的商业电子邮件和办公协作软件产品，功能丰富、强大，提供跨平台支持

 

开源邮件系统 ：

 

 Sendmail：资格最古老，运行稳定，但安全性欠佳

 Qmail：有更好的执行效率，配置、管理也很方便

n Postfix：兼容Sendmail，采用模块化设计，在投递效率、稳定性、服务性能及安全性方面表现优秀

 

邮件系统的组成：

 

邮件系统中的角色 ：

 

MUA：Mail User Agent ，邮件用户代理

MTA：Mail Transfer Agent ，邮件传输代理

 

邮件协议 ：

 

邮件发送协议SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol ，简单邮件传输协议

 

邮件收取协议：

 

POP3 ： Post Office Protocol V3，邮局协议第3版

IMAP4 ： Internet Message Access Protocol V4，因特网消息访问协议第4版

 

Postfix的安装与主要目录：

 

安装： yum install postfix

配置文件目录： /etc/postfix/

服务程序目录：/usr/libexec/postfix/

邮件队列目录：/var/spool/postfix/*

incoming 、 active 、 deferred

hold、corrupt

邮件管理程序目录： /usr/sbin/*

postalias、postmap、

postconf 、 postfix

postqueue、postsuper

 

Postfix的配置文件：

 

/etc/postfix/master.cf

master主程序的配置文件

/etc/postfix/main.cf

postfix服务的配置文件

辅助配置工具 postconf

执行 postconf ，查看当前的有效配置

执行 postconf -n ，查看非默认配置

执行 postconf -d ，查看默认配置

 Postfix的日志文件： 

/var/log/maillog

记录了postfix服务的邮件传递等过程信息

常用分析方法

动态跟踪日志变化

 tail -f /var/log/maillog

关键词搜索

 egrep '(reject|warning|error|fatal|panic):' /var/log/maillog

【实验步骤】

一、修改主机名：

[root@rhel5 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network    --------------------修改主机名
NETWORKING=yes
NETWORKING_IPV6=no
HOSTNAME=rhel5.xapc.com

NETWORKING=yes
NETWORKING_IPV6=no

[root@rhel5 ~]# vi /etc/hosts     -------------------------------修改主机配置文件
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1               rhel5.xapc.com rhel5 localhost.localdomain localhost
::1             localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
127.0.0.1               gouzhongxing.xapc.com gouzhongxing localhost.localdomain"/etc/hosts" 4L, 222C written
 
[root@rhel5 ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config --------------------修改防火墙配置

SELINUX=disabled

[root@rhel5 ~]# service iptables save
Saving firewall rules to /etc/sysconfig/iptables: [  OK  ]
[root@rhel5 ~]# iptables -F
[root@rhel5 ~]#reboot

二、安装Postfix服务：

[root@gouzhongxing named]# yum install postfix   ------------------------------安装postfix服务

[root@gouzhongxing named]# postconf

[root@gouzhongxing named]# postfix start   ------------------------------启动postfix服务
postfix/postfix-script: starting the Postfix mail system
[root@gouzhongxing named]# netstat -ntl    -----------------------------查看运行端口

tcp        0      0 192.168.20.10:25            0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN     

[root@gouzhongxing named]# useradd gou    -----------------------------新建邮件用户
[root@gouzhongxing named]# useradd zhong
[root@gouzhongxing named]# useradd xing
[root@gouzhongxing named]#
[root@gouzhongxing named]# passwd gou    -----------------------------设置口令
Changing password for user gou.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is WAY too short
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@gouzhongxing named]# passwd zhong
Changing password for user zhong.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is WAY too short
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@gouzhongxing named]# passwd xing
Changing password for user xing.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is WAY too short
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@gouzhongxing named]# telnet localhost 25   ----------------------------使用telnet命令进行测试
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1).
Escape character is '^]'.
220 gouzhongxing.xapc.com ESMTP Postfix
HELO localhost
250 gouzhongxing.xapc.com
MAIL FROM:[email protected]
250 2.1.0 Ok
Rcpt to:[email protected]
250 2.1.5 Ok
data
354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
Subject:111111111111111111
11111111111111111111111111
.
250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 56F3D258059
QUIT
221 2.0.0 Bye
Connection closed by foreign host.
[root@gouzhongxing named]# ll ~zhong   -----------------------------查看用户的目录
total 4
drwx------ 5 zhong zhong 4096 Feb 17 01:52 Maildir
[root@gouzhongxing named]# ll ~zhong/Maildir/
total 12
drwx------ 2 zhong zhong 4096 Feb 17 01:52 cur
drwx------ 2 zhong zhong 4096 Feb 17 01:52 new
drwx------ 2 zhong zhong 4096 Feb 17 01:52 tmp
[root@gouzhongxing named]# ll ~zhong/Maildir/new/
total 4
-rw------- 1 zhong zhong 480 Feb 17 01:52 1013881936.Vfd00I10012fM499738.gouzhongxing.xapc.com
[root@gouzhongxing named]# cat ~zhong/Maildir/new/1013881936.Vfd00I10012fM499738.gouzhongxing.xapc.com
Return-Path: <[email protected]>
X-Original-To: [email protected]
Delivered-To: [email protected]
Received: from localhost (gouzhongxing.xapc.com [127.0.0.1])
        by gouzhongxing.xapc.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 56F3D258059
        for <[email protected]>; Sun, 17 Feb 2002 01:51:08 +0800 (CST)
Subject:111111111111111111
Message-Id: <[email protected]>
Date: Sun, 17 Feb 2002 01:51:08 +0800 (CST)
From: [email protected]
To: undisclosed-recipients:;

11111111111111111111111111

 三、安装dovecot服务：

[root@gouzhongxing named]# yum install dovecot    ------------------------安装dovecot服务器

[root@gouzhongxing named]# vi /etc/dovecot.conf

ssl_disable = yes    -------------------禁用ssl机制
...............................................

protocols = imap pop3     -------------------支持的邮局协议

disable_plaintext_auth = no    -------------------允许明文密码认证
 
mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir  -------------------邮件存储格式及位置

[root@gouzhongxing named]# service dovecot start-------------------启动dovecot服务
Starting Dovecot Imap: [  OK  ]
[root@gouzhongxing named]# netstat -ntl  -------------------查看运行端口

tcp        0      0 :::110                      :::*                        LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 :::143                      :::*                        LISTEN     

[root@gouzhongxing named]# telnet localhost 110---------------------使用telnet命令进行收信测试
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1).
Escape character is '^]'.
+OK Dovecot ready.
USER zhong
+OK
PASS 123
+OK Logged in.
LIST
+OK 1 messages:
1 493
.
RETR 1
+OK 493 octets
Return-Path: <[email protected]>
X-Original-To: [email protected]
Delivered-To: [email protected]
Received: from localhost (gouzhongxing.xapc.com [127.0.0.1])
        by gouzhongxing.xapc.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 56F3D258059
        for <[email protected]>; Sun, 17 Feb 2002 01:51:08 +0800 (CST)
Subject:111111111111111111
Message-Id: <[email protected]>
Date: Sun, 17 Feb 2002 01:51:08 +0800 (CST)
From: [email protected]
To: undisclosed-recipients:;

11111111111111111111111111
.
QUIT 
+OK Logging out.
Connection closed by foreign host.
 

使用邮件客户端测试：

在Outlook Express 中设置邮件账号：

  对于用户gou需要设置邮件帐号为[email protected]

SMTP服务器设置为gouzhongxing.xapc.com

POP3服务器设置为gouzhongxing.xapc.com

四、安装webmail应用系统：

添加webmail邮件界面： 

编译安装 squirrelmail 程序套件

下载源码包

 官方站点： http://www.squirrelmail.org 

 网页程序包：squirrelmail-1.4.20.tar.gz

 中文语言包：zh_CN-1.4.18-20090526.tar.gz

 

解包至Web服务的网页目录：

 

[root@gouzhongxing named]#  tar zxvf /media/squirrelmail-1.4.20.tar.gz -C /var/www/html/

[root@gouzhongxing named]#  cd /var/www/html

[root@gouzhongxing named]#  mv squirrelmail-1.4.20 webmail

[root@gouzhongxing named]# cd webmail

[root@gouzhongxing named]#  tar zxvf /media/zh_CN-1.4.18-20090526.tar.gz

创建及调整数据目录、附件目录：

  [root@gouzhongxing webmail]# mkdir -p attach data

 [root@gouzhongxing webmail]#chown -R apache:apache attach/ data/

 [root@gouzhongxing webmail]#chmod 730 attach/

建立并调整config.php配置文件：

 [root@gouzhongxing webmail]# cp config/config_default.php config/config.php

[root@gouzhongxing webmail]#  vi config/config.php

$squirrelmail_default_language = 'zh_CN';

$default_charset        = 'zh_CN.UTF-8';

$domain                  = 'xapc.com';

$smtpServerAddress = 'localhost';

$smtpPort = 25;

$imap_server_type     = 'dovecot';

$imapPort = 143;

$data_dir                  = '/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/webmail/data/';

$attachment_dir       = '/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/webmail/attach/';

确认启动httpd服务程序：

在浏览器中访问webmail界面：

 http://gouzhongxing.gou.com/webmail/