linux下Heartbeat做双机热备（1）
本节将介绍linux群集的双机备份详细的配置步骤，这个有点类似windows 2003系统中NLB服务，即用两台相同的服务器对外提供服务，从而实现负载均衡，在这里使用的是虚拟IP来对外提供服务，即使宕了一台服务器，其他的服务器还是能够正常的使用虚拟IP对外提供服务的，所以可用性比较高点！
本例中，需要两张网卡，eth1用来检测心跳算法，也就是专门用来检测其他服务器是否存活用的，eth0可以用来连接外网，但真正不使用这个网卡的IP对外提供服务，尽管数据包经过了这个网卡。(下面来简单介绍下node1的配置步骤，node2基本雷同)
[root@node1 ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:FE:19:84
inet addr:192.168.254.238 Bcast:192.168.254.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fefe:1984/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:16461 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:2037 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:1587876 (1.5 MiB) TX bytes:291219 (284.3 KiB)
Interrupt:59 Base address:0x2000
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:FE:19:7A
inet addr:192.168.211.128 Bcast:192.168.211.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fefe:197a/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:10434 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:9567 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:1623625 (1.5 MiB) TX bytes:1621602 (1.5 MiB)
Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2080
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:1419 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1419 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:161262 (157.4 KiB) TX bytes:161262 (157.4 KiB)
[root@node1 ~]# yum search heartbeat (通过yum服务搜索和安装heartbeat服务)
============================== Matched: heartbeat ==============================
heartbeat.i386 : heartbeat - The Heartbeat Subsystem for High-Availability Linux
heartbeat-devel.i386 : heartbeat development package
heartbeat-gui.i386 : Provides a gui interface to manage heartbeat clusters
heartbeat-ldirectord.i386 : Monitor daemon for maintaining high availability
: resources with ipvs (Linux Virtual Server}
heartbeat-pils.i386 : Provides a general plugin and interface loading library
heartbeat-stonith.i386 : Provides an interface to Shoot The Other Node In The
: Head
piranha.i386 : Cluster administation tools
[root@node1 ~]# yum -y install heartbeat
Setting up Install Process
Parsing package install arguments
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package heartbeat.i386 0:2.1.3-3.el5.centos set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: heartbeat-stonith = 2.1.3-3.el5.centos for package: heartbeat
--> Processing Dependency: heartbeat-pils = 2.1.3-3.el5.centos for package: heartbeat
--> Processing Dependency: libstonith.so.1 for package: heartbeat
--> Processing Dependency: PyXML for package: heartbeat
--> Processing Dependency: libpils.so.1 for package: heartbeat
--> Running transaction check
---> Package PyXML.i386 0:0.8.4-4 set to be updated
---> Package heartbeat-stonith.i386 0:2.1.3-3.el5.centos set to be updated
---> Package heartbeat-pils.i386 0:2.1.3-3.el5.centos set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================
Installing:
heartbeat i386 2.1.3-3.el5.centos extras 1.7 M
Installing for dependencies:
PyXML i386 0.8.4-4 base 1.1 M
heartbeat-pils i386 2.1.3-3.el5.centos extras 213 k
heartbeat-stonith i386 2.1.3-3.el5.centos extras 311 k
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================
Install 4 Package(s)
Update 0 Package(s)
Remove 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 3.3 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/4): heartbeat-pils-2.1.3-3.el5.centos.i386.rpm | 213 kB 00:01
(2/4): heartbeat-stonith-2.1.3-3.el5.centos.i386.rpm | 311 kB 00:01
(3/4): PyXML-0.8.4-4.i386.rpm | 1.1 MB 00:06
(4/4): heartbeat-2.1.3-3.el5.centos.i386.rpm | 1.7 MB 00:09
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 173 kB/s | 3.3 MB 00:19
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : heartbeat-pils [1/4]
Installing : heartbeat-stonith [2/4]
Installing : PyXML [3/4]
Installing : heartbeat [4/4]
Complete!
[root@node1 ~]# rpm -ql heartbeat |grep /usr/share/doc (查找并配置相关配置文件如下)
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/AUTHORS
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/COPYING.LGPL
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/ChangeLog
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/DirectoryMap.txt
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/GettingStarted.html
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/GettingStarted.txt
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/HardwareGuide.html
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/HardwareGuide.txt
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/README
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/Requirements.html
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/Requirements.txt
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/apphbd.cf
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/authkeys
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/faqntips.html
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/faqntips.txt
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/ha.cf
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/haresources
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/hb_report.html
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/hb_report.txt
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/heartbeat_api.html
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/heartbeat_api.txt
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/logd.cf
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/rsync.html
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/rsync.txt
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/startstop
[root@node1 ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/ha.cf /etc/ha.d/
[root@node1 ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/authkeys /etc/ha.d/
[root@node1 ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.3/haresources /etc/ha.d/
[root@node1 ~]# ls /etc/ha.d/
authkeys ha.cf harc haresources rc.d README.config resource.d shellfuncs
[root@node1 ~]# grep -v '^#' /etc/ha.d/ha.cf
logfile /var/log/ha-log 定义日志文件位置
logfacility local0
keepalive 2 定义心跳检测时间为2s
deadtime 30 死亡时间为30s
warntime 10
initdead 120
udpport 694 使用UDP端口694
bcast eth1 # Linux 使用网卡2进行心跳检测
ucast eth1 192.168.211.131 检测node2的IP地址(在此位置，node2需要相应的修改)
auto_failback on
node node1 node1的uname名字
node node2 node2的uname名字
ping 192.168.254.1 设置ping个外部IP
[root@node1 ~]# grep -v '^#' /etc/ha.d/authkeys
auth 1
1 crc
[root@node1 ~]# grep -v '^#' /etc/ha.d/haresources
node1 192.168.254.88 httpd 设置虚拟ip为192.168.254.88，监听httpd服务(node2进行相应的设置)
[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts 添加hosts文件记录
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
192.168.211.128 node1
192.168.211.131 node2
[root@node1 /]# service httpd status 查看下apache服务没有开启
httpd is stopped
[root@node1 ~]# service heartbeat start 启动heartbeat服务
Starting High-Availability services:
2009/04/24_07:35:15 INFO: Resource is stopped
[FAILED]
heartbeat: udpport setting must precede media statementsheartbeat[3908]: 2009/04/24_07:35:16 ERROR: Bad permissions on
keyfile [/etc/ha.d/authkeys], 600 recommended.
heartbeat[3908]: 2009/04/24_07:35:16 ERROR: Authentication configuration error.
heartbeat[3908]: 2009/04/24_07:35:16 ERROR: Configuration error, heartbeat not started.
[root@node1 ~]# chmod 600 /etc/ha.d/authkeys 此处需要修改下authkeys文件的权限为600
[root@node1 ~]# service heartbeat start
logd is already running
Starting High-Availability services:
2009/04/24_07:35:45 INFO: Resource is stopped
[ OK ]
[root@node1 ~]# netstat -nupl |grep 694
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:694 0.0.0.0:* 4048/heartbeat: wri
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:694 0.0.0.0:* 4046/heartbeat: wri
[root@node1 ~]# ifconfig 查看下确实多了个虚拟IP
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:FE:19:84
inet addr:192.168.254.238 Bcast:192.168.254.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fefe:1984/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:17232 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:2086 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:1656731 (1.5 MiB) TX bytes:298013 (291.0 KiB)
Interrupt:59 Base address:0x2000
eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:FE:19:84
inet addr:192.168.254.88 Bcast:192.168.254.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:59 Base address:0x2000
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:FE:19:7A
inet addr:192.168.211.128 Bcast:192.168.211.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fefe:197a/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:11024 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:10041 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:1719778 (1.6 MiB) TX bytes:1704088 (1.6 MiB)
Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2080
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:1419 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1419 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:161262 (157.4 KiB) TX bytes:161262 (157.4 KiB)
[root@node1 ~]# service httpd start
Starting httpd: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 192.168.211.128 for ServerName
[ OK ]