OSPF虚链路的配置

本实验拓扑示意图如下:
配置验证一个OSPF虚电路(Virtual-Link)的过程,重点在观察虚链路连接的临
时网络与正常区域间路由有何区别。上图中区域4 (area 4)没有和area 0直接
相连。在R2与R3之间配置了一条虚链路。
    // R1 //
    int lo0
    ip ad 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
    int e0
    ip ad 192.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
    router os 1
    network 192.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
    // R2 //
    int lo0
    ip ad 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
    int e0
    ip ad 192.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
    int e1
    ip ad 193.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
    router os 1
    network 192.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
    network 193.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
    // R3 //
    int lo0
    ip ad 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
    int e1
    ip ad 193.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
    int e0
    ip ad 194.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
    router os 1
    network 193.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
    network 194.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 4
    // R4 //
    int lo0
    ip ad 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.0
    int e0
    ip ad 194.1.1.4 255.255.255.0
    router os 1
    network 194.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 4
基本配置完成后,我们在每台路由器上分别来验证一下:
   
    r1#sh ip os nei
    Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
    2.2.2.2           1   FULL/BDR        00:00:33    192.1.1.2       Ethernet0/0
    r1#
    r1#sh ip ro
     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
    C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
    O IA 193.1.1.0/24 [110/20] via 192.1.1.2, 00:00:19, Ethernet0/0
    C    192.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

    //注意R1上有关于193.1.1.0的路由条目,是属于IA类型(域间路由)

    r2#sh ip os nei
    Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
    1.1.1.1           1   FULL/DR         00:00:35    192.1.1.1       Ethernet0/0
    3.3.3.3           1   FULL/BDR        00:00:35    193.1.1.3       Ethernet1/0
    r2#
    r2#
    r2#sh ip ro
        2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
    C       2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
    C    193.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0
    C    192.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
    r3#sh ip os nei
    Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
    2.2.2.2           1   FULL/DR         00:00:32    193.1.1.2       Ethernet1/0
    4.4.4.4           1   FULL/DR         00:00:34    194.1.1.4       Ethernet0/0
    r3#sh ip ro
           3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
    C       3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
    C    193.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0
    O IA 192.1.1.0/24 [110/20] via 193.1.1.2, 00:02:49, Ethernet1/0
    C    194.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
    //注意R3中有关于192.1.1.0的路由是属于IA类型(域间路由)
    r4#sh ip os nei
    Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
    3.3.3.3           1   FULL/BDR        00:00:33    194.1.1.3       Ethernet0/0
    r4#sh ip ro
         4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
    C       4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
    C    194.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
    //R4上没有关于AREA 0内的任何路由信息
在R2、R3上添加Virtual-link的配置:
   
    R2:
    router os 1
   
    area 1 virtual-link 3.3.3.3
    R3:
    router os 1
      area 1 virtual-link 2.2.2.2
    对比之前的路由信息,看有何区别:
    r1#sh ip ro
       1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
    C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
    O IA 193.1.1.0/24 [110/20] via 192.1.1.2, 00:00:01, Ethernet0/0
    C    192.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
    O IA 194.1.1.0/24 [110/30] via 192.1.1.2, 00:00:01, Ethernet0/0
    //多了一条194网段的路由,类型IA(区域间)

    r2#sh ip ro
        2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
    C       2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
    C    193.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0
    C    192.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
    O IA 194.1.1.0/24 [110/20] via 193.1.1.3, 00:00:06, Ethernet1/0
    //多了一条194网段路由,类型为IA(区域间)
    r3#sh ip ro
       3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
    C       3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
    C    193.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0
    O    192.1.1.0/24 [110/20] via 193.1.1.2, 00:02:56, Ethernet1/0
    C    194.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
    //R3的192路由原本为IA类型(区域间),现在转为O类型(区域内),说明R3认为自已与192网段是直连的。虚链路相当于将R3直接连接了AREA 0 与 AREA 4区域
    r4#sh ip ro
       4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
    C       4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
    O IA 193.1.1.0/24 [110/20] via 194.1.1.3, 00:03:40, Ethernet0/0
    O IA 192.1.1.0/24 [110/30] via 194.1.1.3, 00:03:25, Ethernet0/0
    C    194.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
    //R4上192路由类型IA(区域间)

现在将虚链路效果再与正常连接方式进行一下比对,如图:
验证:
    r1#sh ip ro
        1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
    C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
    O IA 193.1.1.0/24 [110/20] via 192.1.1.2, 00:00:41, Ethernet0/0
    C    192.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
    C    192.2.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0
    O IA 194.1.1.0/24 [110/20] via 192.2.2.4, 00:00:39, Ethernet1/0
    r2#sh ip ro
       2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
    C       2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
    C    193.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0
    C    192.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
    O    192.2.2.0/24 [110/20] via 192.1.1.1, 00:01:04, Ethernet0/0
    O IA 194.1.1.0/24 [110/30] via 192.1.1.1, 00:00:03, Ethernet0/0
    r2#
    r3#sh ip ro
        3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
    C       3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
    C    193.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0
    O IA 192.1.1.0/24 [110/20] via 193.1.1.2, 00:01:31, Ethernet1/0
    O IA 192.2.2.0/24 [110/30] via 193.1.1.2, 00:01:15, Ethernet1/0
    O IA 194.1.1.0/24 [110/40] via 193.1.1.2, 00:00:15, Ethernet1/0
    r4#sh ip ro
       4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
    C       4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
    O IA 193.1.1.0/24 [110/30] via 192.2.2.1, 00:00:39, Ethernet1/0
    O    192.1.1.0/24 [110/20] via 192.2.2.1, 00:01:37, Ethernet1/0
    C    192.2.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0
    C    194.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
    r5#sh ip ro
        5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
    C       5.5.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
    O IA 193.1.1.0/24 [110/40] via 194.1.1.4, 00:00:52, Ethernet0/0
    O IA 192.1.1.0/24 [110/30] via 194.1.1.4, 00:00:52, Ethernet0/0
    O IA 192.2.2.0/24 [110/20] via 194.1.1.4, 00:00:52, Ethernet0/0
    C    194.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
 

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