LNMP环境搭建

物理环境：
操作系统：centos 5.5 32位
mysql数据库：mysql-5.1.58.tar.gz
nginx软件包：nginx-0.7.65.tar.gz
PHP软件包：php-5.3.8.tar.gz

1 安装mysql数据库
tar -zxvf mysql-5.1.58.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.58
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql  --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl--with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg
make
make install
创建MySQL数据库服务器的配置文件
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cd /usr/local/mysql/
初始化mysql数据库
bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
修改文件及其目录的权限，使其目录或文件的宿主为root，宿组为mysql，（data的宿主为mysql）
chown -R root  .  
chown -R mysql data
chgrp -R mysql .   
启动mysql数据库
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &  
netstat -tnl|grep 3306
设置mysql启动脚本文件
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

/etc/init.d/mysqld restart
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
2 安装nginx服务
安装openssl-0.9.8i.tar.gz软件包
./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl
make &&make install
安装pcre-8.12.tar.gz软件包(可以安装光盘里面pcre和pcre-devel)
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre
make &&make install
安装nginx软件包
/usr/sbin/groupadd nginx
/usr/sbin/useradd  -g nginx nginx -s /sbin/nologin
./configure
--user=nginx
--group=nginx
--with-http_stub_status_module --with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl/
--with-pcre=/opt/pcre-8.12/               该目录指定的是解压pcre后生成的目录
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx
--conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
--with-http_realip_module
--with-http_addition_module
--with-http_gzip_static_module
--with-http_random_index_module
--with-http_stub_status_module
--with-http_sub_module
--with-http_dav_module
make && make install
测试nginx 服务是否安装成功
 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
启动nginx 服务
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
查看nginx 是否开启（即查看nginx的端口是否处于LISTEN）
netstat -antl  |grep "LISTEN"
3 安装PHP服务
yum安装php模块所需用的库文件
yum install libmcrypt-devel libmhash mhash-devel gettext gettext-devel

tar -zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt
make && make install

tar -zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13.1
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libiconv
make && make install

tar -zxvf freetype-2.4.0.tar.gz
cd freetype-2.4.0.
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/freetype
make && make install
tar -zxvf jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
cd jpeg-6b
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/jpeg/
make
make install

在执行make install的时候错误提示信息
usr/bin/install: 无法创建一般文件“/usr/local/jpeg/bin/cjpeg”
mkdir /usr/local/jpeg
系统提示那个目录无法创建，就手动创建一个，提示那个目录就手工创建一个，直到成功执行make instll命令
tar -zxvf libxml2-2.6.32.tar.gz
cd libxml2-2.6.32
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxm12
make && make install
tar -zxvf curl-7.21.0.tar.gz
cd curl-7.21.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/curl
make && make install
tar -zxvf gd-2.0.35.tar.gz
cd gd-2.0.35
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gd
make make install
tar -zxvf php-5.3.8.tar.gz
cd php-5.3.8
./configure
--prefix=/usr/local/php
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc
--with-gd=/usr/local/gd 
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql/
--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config
--with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/jpeg6/ --with-zlib-dir
--enable-mbstring=all --with-pdo-mysql
--with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype
--with-mcrypt
--enable-sockets
--enable-mbstring
--enable-fpm

make
make时候报下面错误
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lltdl collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
原因：是在编辑php时添加的“–with-mcrypt”选项造成
解决方法：
1）如果不需要mcrypt，那么编辑php时去掉该选项，然后再make、make install。
2）如果需要mcrypt，那么需要安装libltdl
libltdl在libmcrypt软件包中就有，具体过程：
cd /software/libmcrypt-2.5.8/libltdl
./configure  -enable-ltdl-install
make && make install
make install
添加PHP配置文件
cp php.ini-production  /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
添加date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
更改short_open_tag = Off 为short_open_tag = On (开启短格式支持)
更改expose_php = on 为expose_php = off (在curl中隐藏php版本号)
添加php-fpm配置文件
cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf   取消以下;分号表示注释
;pid = run/php-fpm.pid
;pm.start_servers = 20
;pm.min_spare_servers = 5
;pm.max_spare_servers = 35
设置php-fpm启动文件
cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
chkconfig --add php-fpm
chkconfig --level 3 php-fpm on
chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
/etc/init.d/php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm  done
整合php和nginx
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nginx nginx;              #使用的用户和用户组      
worker_processes 4;        #指定工作衍生进程数，一般等于CPU的总核数或者总核数的两倍，例如两个四核CPU，则总核数为8
#worker_cpu_affinity 0001 0010 0100 1000;
error_log  /data/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;  #指定错误日志存放的路径，错误日志记录级别可选项为：debug | info | notice | warn | error |crit
pid       logs/nginx.pid;                     #指定pid存放的路径

worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;                   #用于绑定worker进程和CPU

events {                                      #用来指定Nginx工作模式和及其连接上限
    use epoll;                                #使用的网络I/O模型，Linux系统推荐采用epoll模型，FressBSD系统推荐采用kqueue模型
    worker_connections 51200;                 #Nginx每个进程允许的连接数
    multi_accept on;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;                 #实现主配置文件对所包含文件的设定，可以减少主配置文件的复杂度
    default_type  application/octet-stream;   #    HTTP核心模块指令，默认为二进制流

    #charse  gb2312;                          #设置字符集，如果一个网站有多种字符集，请不要随便设置，让程序员在HTML代码中设置

    server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
    client_header_buffer_size 16k;
    large_client_header_buffers 4 256k;


    server_tokens off;

    sendfile on;                #开启高效稳健传输
    tcp_nopush     off;         #防止网络拥塞
    tcp_nodelay on;             #防止网络拥塞

    keepalive_timeout 60;       #客户端连接保持会话的超时时间

    client_header_timeout 30;   #设置客户端请求头读取超时时间
    client_body_timeout 30;     #设置客户端请求读取主体读取超时时间
    send_timeout   30;          #指定响应客户端的超时时间
    client_max_body_size 30M;   #设置客户端能够长传的文件大小

    fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
    fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
    fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
    fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;


    gzip on;                                  #开启gzip压缩
    gzip_min_length  1000;                    #允许压缩页面的最小字节数
    gzip_buffers     4 16k;                   #申请4个单位为16K的内存做为压缩结果流输出
    #gzip_http_version 1.0;                   #用于识别HTTP版本，默认1.1
    gzip_comp_level 9;                        #用来指定GZIP的压缩比，1压缩比最小，处理速度最快，9压缩比最大，传输速度快，但处理数据最慢，也消耗CPU。
    gzip_types       text/plain text/javascript application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/xml application/xml+rss; 指定压缩类型
    gzip_vary on;                             #前端的缓存服务器经过GZIP压缩

    fastcgi_intercept_errors    on;

    log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '            #指定Nginx日志输出的格式，main为此日志输出的格式的名称
                        '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                        '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" "$request_time"';

    #error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    #error_page 402 403 404 500 502 503 504 http://www.test.com/application/controllers/error.php;
    error_page  402 403 502 503 504 /error;

    server
  {
    listen       80;
    server_name  www.test.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root  /data/www;

    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {      
      #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fcgi.conf;
    }
在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;
fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    200;
测试nginx配置文件
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

优化Linux内核参数

 

vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog =  32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024  65535
使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
4 安装eaccelerator 优化php
tar -jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
在PHP主配置文件里面添加下面参数
vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="16"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/tmp/eaccelerator"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="0"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="0"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
建立文件夹
mkdir /tmp/eaccelerator
chmod 0777 /tmp/eaccelerator
重启php-fpm服务
service php-fpm restart
建立网站根目录
mkdir -p /data/www  新建下面测试内容
<? php
 　phpinfo();
?>

测试LNMP整合是否成功