CentOS5.4 远程安装（PXE+DHCP+tftp+HTTP+kickstart）

为避免到数据中心重装CentOS，需要研究一下如何自动安装，经过一番努力终获成功。前提是将一台局域网内已经装好的CentOS服务器做成 DHCP/TFTP/HTTP/Kickstart Server，要重装的服务器网卡要支持PXE网络启动就可以。配置过程记录如下：

1. 安装配置DHCP: 

#yum install dhcp
#vi /etc/dhcpd.conf
#
# DHCP Server Configuration file.
#   see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample
ddns-update-style interim;
allow booting;
allow bootp;
next-server 10.1.1.204;
filename "/pxelinux.0";

default-lease-time 1800;
max-lease-time 7200;
ping-check true;
option domain-name-servers 4.2.2.2;

subnet 10.1.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0
{
range 10.1.1.10  10.1.1.20;
option broadcast-address 10.1.1.255;
}
#/etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd restart

如果服务器有多张网卡用/usr/sbin/dhcpd eth1 -d -f指定工作的网卡名（如eth1)。

2. TFTP server:

#yum install -y xinetd tftp-server
#vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
service tftp
{
        socket_type             = dgram
        protocol                = udp
        wait                    = yes
        user                    = root
        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
        server_args             = -s /tftpboot
        disable                 = no
        per_source              = 11
        cps                     = 100 2
        flags                   = IPv4
}
#/etc/init.d/xinetd start

3. HTTP server以及给tftp加载内容：

#yum install httpd
#mount -o loop /tmp/CentOS_5.iso /var/www/html/C/
#yum install syslinux
#cp /usr/lib/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot
#cp /usr/lib/syslinux/menu.c32 /tftpboot
#cp /usr/lib/syslinux/memdisk /tftpboot
#cp /usr/lib/syslinux/mboot.c32 /tftpboot
#cp /usr/lib/syslinux/chain.c32 /tftpboot
#cd /tftpboot/
#mkdir /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
#mkdir -p /tftpboot/images/centos/x86_64
#mkdir -p /tftpboot/images/centos/x86_64/5.4
#cp /var/www/html/C/CentOS//images/pxeboot/initrd.img  /tftpboot/images/centos/x86_64/5.4/
#cp /var/www/html/C/CentOS//images/pxeboot/vmlinuz /tftpboot/images/centos/x86_64/5.4/
#yum install system-config-netboot
#mkdir /tftpboot/msgs
#cp /usr/share/system-config-netboot/msgs/*.* /tftpboot/msgs
#vi /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
    default local
    timeout 100
    prompt 1
    display msgs/boot.msg
    F1 msgs/boot.msg
    F2 msgs/general.msg
    F3 msgs/expert.msg
    F4 msgs/param.msg
    F5 msgs/rescue.msg
    F7 msgs/snake.msg
    label local
    localboot 1

    label 0
    localboot 1

    label 1
    KERNEL images/centos/x86_64/5.4/vmlinuz
    APPEND ks=http://10.1.1.204/ks/ks.cfg initrd=images/centos/x86_64/5.4/initrd.img ramdisk_size=100000 ksdevice=list noipv6

    label 2
    kernel memtest86

    label 3
    kernel vmlinuz
    append initrdinitrd=initrd.img text
#service xinetd restart

4. 配置Kickstart，模板可参考/root/anaconda-ks.cfg。

vi /var/www/html/ks/ks.cfg
# Kickstart file automatically generated by anaconda.

install
#network --device eth1 --bootproto dhcp
# Repository Location
url --url=http://10.1.1.204/C/
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
network --device eth0 --bootproto static --ip x.x.x.x --netmask 255.255.255.x --gateway y.y.y.y --nameserver d.d.d.d --hostname YourName.com
network --device eth1 --bootproto static --ip x.x.x.x --netmask 255.255.255.x --nameserver d.d.d.d --hostname YourName.com
rootpw --iscrypted $Xw0jjc1sdkadkadfa
#(可以从/etc/shadow中获得）
firewall --enabled --port=22:tcp
authconfig --enableshadow --enablemd5
selinux --enforcing
timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=cciss/c0d0
# The following is the partition information you requested
# Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed
# here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is
# not guaranteed to work
clearpart --all --drives=cciss/c0d0
part /boot --fstype ext3 --size=100
part swap --size=2048
part / --fstype ext3 --size=100 --grow --asprimary

%packages
@base
@core
@dialup
@editors
@text-internet
keyutils
trousers
fipscheck
device-mapper-multipath

5. 用KVM控制新服务器重启，按F11(HP )或F12(Dell)进入网络启动，按1开始按照指定流程工作，（DHCP过程需要耐心等待）如果配置正确，可以看到完全的自动安装，最好提示重启系统。

6. 安装过程troubleshooting, 可以在Kickstart服务器上#tail /var/log/messages来检查DHCP地址分配情况，#tail /var/log/httpd/err_log（access_log)可查看web数据读取情况。

参考：http://hi.baidu.com/luyaolot/blog/item/eb374643fc163a1d72f05d6a.html