RHCSA课程培训第二天
第二天
RHEL 7.0的安装
第一步：配置虚拟机的网络模式为仅主机模式
第二步：配置IP地址为172.25.0.0/16网段的地址
第三步：找到此路径http://172.25.0.254/content/rhel7.0/x86_64/isos/rhel-server-7.0-x86_64-dvd.iso
第四步：通过winscp软件下载，用户名为root密码为Asimov
[root@localhost ~]#vim /etc/udev/rules.d/60-net.rules
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="net", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="52:54:00:00:00:0a", PROGRAM="/lib/udev/rename_device", NAME="eth0"
第五章 管理本地的Linux用户和组
[root@localhost ~]# id root #查看root的UID、GID
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
[root@localhost ~]# grep ^root /etc/passwd #查询以root开头的行
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
[root@localhost Desktop]# grep -E '^student|^root' /etc/passwd #查询以root、student开头的行
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
student:x:1000:1000:Student User:/home/student:/bin/bash
/etc/passwd: username password userid groupid usergroup homedirectory shell
/etc/group: groupname password groupid groupg
在命令行模式下：
ctrl+a:光标移至行首
ctrl+e:光标移动行尾
普通用户模式下新建用户的方法
[root@localhost ~]# chmod u+w /etc/sudoers #添加写权限
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sudoers #添加第99行的内容
98 root ALL=(ALL) ALL
99 studnet ALL=(ALL) ALL
[root@localhost ~]# chmod u-w /etc/sudoers #去掉写权限
[root@localhost Desktop]#su - student #切换到student用户
Last login: Sun Sep 13 11:15:44 CST 2015 on pts/1
[student@localhost ~]$sudo useradd zj
We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System
Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things:
#1) Respect the privacy of others.
#2) Think before you type.
#3) With great power comes great responsibility.
[sudo] password for student: #输入student的密码
[student@localhost ~]$ id zj #验证添加结果
uid=1001(zj) gid=1001(zj) groups=1001(zj)
修改用户密码方法
推荐用法：
[root@localhost Desktop]# passwd zj
Changing password for user zj.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: The password fails the dictionary check - it is too simplistic/systematic
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
方法1：
[root@localhost ~]# (echo sa123456; echo sa123456)|passwd zj #修改zj用户的密码
Changing password for user zj.
New password: BAD PASSWORD: The password is a palindrome
Retype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
方法2：
[root@localhost ~]# passwd --stdin student
Changing password for user student.
123456
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
方法3：
[root@localhost ~]# echo "sa123456" |passwd --stdin zj
Changing password for user zj.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
用户权限登录目录：/etc/login.defs
[root@localhost ~]# grep \# /etc/login.defs #显示login.defs包含#号的行
[root@localhost ~]# grep -v \# /etc/login.defs #显示login.defs不包含#号的行
[root@localhost ~]# grep -v \# /etc/login.defs|grep -v ^$ #显示login.defs不包含#号与空白行的行
root用户的umask为0022：
file=666-umask=644
folder=777-umask=755
如下：
[root@localhost ~]# touch 123.txt&&mkdir 123
[root@localhost ~]# ll -d 123.txt 123
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 13 11:51 123
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 13 11:51 123.txt
普通用户的umask为0002：
file=666-umask=664
folder=777-umask=775
如下：
[student@localhost ~]$ touch test.txt&&mkdir test
[student@localhost ~]$ ll -d test.txt test
drwxrwxr-x. 2 student student 6 Sep 13 11:50 test
-rw-rw-r--. 1 student student 0 Sep 13 11:50 test.txt
useradd:
-d 指定创建用户时的家目录
-G 指定用户隶属于哪个组 usermod -G zj ql
-g 指定用户的原始组
usermod:
-d 修改用户的家目录
-G 修改指定用户隶属于哪个组
-g 修改指定用户的原始组
-l 将原始用户修改为其它用户
[root@localhost ~]# useradd zj
[root@localhost ~]# usermod -l alice zj
[root@localhost ~]# id alice
uid=1001(alice) gid=1001(zj) groups=1001(zj)
userdel:
-r 删除用户连带它的家目录
userdel命令不加-r的区别
[root@localhost Desktop]#useradd zfl
[root@localhost Desktop]#ls -ld /home/zfl
drwx------. 4 zfl zfl 88 Sep 19 09:20 /home/zfl
[root@localhost Desktop]#userdel zfl
[root@localhost Desktop]#id zfl
id: zfl: no such user
[root@localhost Desktop]#ls -ld /home/zfl
drwx------. 4 1001 1001 88 Sep 19 09:20 /home/zfl
[root@localhost Desktop]#useradd lx
[root@localhost Desktop]#ls -ld /home/zfl /home/lx
drwx------. 4 lx lx 88 Sep 19 09:21 /home/lx
drwx------. 4 lx lx 88 Sep 19 09:20 /home/zfl
groupadd:
groupmod:
[root@localhost Desktop]# groupadd bob
[root@localhost Desktop]# groupmod -n alice bob
[root@localhost Desktop]# grep ^alice /etc/group
alice:x:1002:
groupdel:
综合实验1：
[root@localhost Desktop]# useradd -d /home/alice ql
[root@localhost Desktop]# grep ql /etc/passwd
ql:x:1001:1002::/home/aliace:/bin/bash
[root@localhost Desktop]# ls -ld /home/alice
drwx------. 4 ql ql 88 Sep 13 13:08 /home/alice
[root@localhost Desktop]# usermod -G wheel ql #将ql用户加入wheel组
[root@localhost Desktop]# grep wheel /etc/group
wheel:x:10:student,ql
[root@localhost Desktop]# id ql
uid=1001(ql) gid=1002(ql) groups=1002(ql),10(wheel)
[root@localhost Desktop]# usermod -l yf ql
[root@localhost Desktop]# id ql
id: ql: no such user
[root@localhost Desktop]# id yf
uid=1001(yf) gid=1002(ql) groups=1002(ql),10(wheel)
[root@localhost Desktop]# groupmod -n yf ql
[root@localhost Desktop]# userdel -r yf
[root@localhost Desktop]# ls -l /home/
total 4
drwx------. 6 student student 4096 Sep 13 11:50 student
[root@localhost Desktop]# id yf
id: yf: no such user
通过文件批量创建用户:
u6-->u8:
[root@localhost Desktop]# for i in $(seq 6 8);do echo u$i:x:100$(($i + 1)):100$(($i + 1))::/home/u$i:/bin/bash >> ulist.txt;done
[root@localhost Desktop]# cat ulist.txt
u6:x:1007:1007::/home/u6:/bin/bash
u7:x:1008:1008::/home/u7:/bin/bash
u8:x:1009:1009::/home/u8:/bin/bash
[root@localhost Desktop]# newusers ulist.txt
[root@localhost Desktop]# tail -n 3 /etc/passwd
u6:x:1007:1007::/home/u6:/bin/bash
u7:x:1008:1008::/home/u7:/bin/bash
u8:x:1009:1009::/home/u8:/bin/bash
u9-->u10:
[root@localhost Desktop]# for i in $(seq 9 10);do echo u$i:x:10$(($i + 1)):10$(($i + 1))::/home/u$i:/bin/bash >> ulist.txt;done
[root@localhost Desktop]# cat ulist.txt
u6:x:1007:1007::/home/u6:/bin/bash
u7:x:1008:1008::/home/u7:/bin/bash
u8:x:1009:1009::/home/u8:/bin/bash
u9:x:1010:1010::/home/u9:/bin/bash
u10:x:1011:1011::/home/u10:/bin/bash
[root@localhost Desktop]# newusers ulist.txt
[root@localhost Desktop]# tail -n 2 /etc/passwd
u9:x:1010:1010::/home/u9:/bin/bash
u10:x:1011:1011::/home/u10:/bin/bash
推荐方法：
#! /bin/bash
for i in {1..10}
do
useradd user$i
echo "password"|passwd --stdin user$i
done
方法1：
[root@localhost Desktop]# grep ^student /etc/passwd > user.txt
或
[root@localhost Desktop]# cat /etc/passwd|grep ^student > user.txt
[root@localhost Desktop]#cat user.txt
student:x:1000:1000:Student User:/home/u1:/bin/bash
[root@localhost Desktop]#vim user.txt
u1:x:1001:1001::/home/u1:/bin/bash
u2:x:1002:1002::/home/u2:/bin/bash
u3:x:1003:1003::/home/u3:/bin/bash
u4:x:1004:1004::/home/u4:/bin/bash
u5:x:1005:1005::/home/u5:/bin/bash
操作方法：
%:代表所有的行
1:代表第1行
set nu
1s/student/u1/g
1s/1000/1001/g
:/S 2dw
yy
4p
[root@localhost Desktop]#newusers user.txt #读取user.txt中的用户信息并创建有规律的用户
[root@localhost Desktop]#tail -n 5/etc/passwd
u1:x:1001:1001::/home/u1:/bin/bash
u2:x:1002:1002::/home/u2:/bin/bash
u3:x:1003:1003::/home/u3:/bin/bash
u4:x:1004:1004::/home/u4:/bin/bash
u5:x:1005:1005::/home/u5:/bin/bash
方法2:命令行方式
echo U{1..10}|xargs -n1|sed -r 's#.*#useradd &#g'|sh
echo U{1..10}|xargs -n1|sed -r 's#.*#useradd &;echo "passwd"|passwd --stdin &#g'|sh
方法3:shell编程方式
#! /bin/bash
passwd="123456"
for user in `echo U{1..10}`;
do
useradd $user
echo "$user:$passwd" | chpasswd
echo "用户$user建立成功，初始密码是$passwd"
done
延伸知识
[root@localhost Desktop]# p=1
[root@localhost Desktop]# echo $(($p+3))
4
[root@localhost Desktop]#
综合实验2：
通过脚本批量创建、修改用户密码、删除脚本
创建用户：
[root@localhost Desktop]#vim useradd.sh
#!/bin/bash
for i in $(seq 1 5)
do
echo u$i:x:100$(($i + 1)):100$(($i + 1))::/home/u$i:/bin/bash >> ulist.txt
done
[root@localhost Desktop]#chmod o+x useradd.sh
[root@localhost Desktop]#./useradd.sh
[root@localhost Desktop]#ls
ulist.txt useradd.sh userdel.sh userpasswd.sh
[root@localhost Desktop]#newusers ulist.txt
u1:x:1002:1002::/home/u1:/bin/bash
u2:x:1003:1003::/home/u2:/bin/bash
u3:x:1004:1004::/home/u3:/bin/bash
u4:x:1005:1005::/home/u4:/bin/bash
u5:x:1006:1006::/home/u5:/bin/bash
修改用户密码：
[root@localhost Desktop]#vim userpasswd.sh
#!/bin/bash
for i in $(seq 1 5)
do
useradd u$i
echo p$i\u |passwd --stdin u$i > /dev/null
done
[root@localhost Desktop]#chmod o+x userpasswd.sh
[root@localhost Desktop]#./userpasswd.sh
删除用户：
[root@localhost Desktop]#vim userdel.sh
#!/bin/bash
for i in $(seq 1 5)
do
userdel -r u$i
done
[root@localhost Desktop]#chmod o+x userdel.sh
[root@localhost Desktop]# ./userdel.sh
[root@localhost Desktop]# id u1
id: u1: no such user
用户密码配置文件
/etc/shadow
name:password:lastchange:minage:maxage:warning:inactive:expire:blank
第六章 Linux文件系统权限与访问控制
u
g
o
+
-
=
rwx
[root@localhost Desktop]# touch file
[root@localhost Desktop]# ll file
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 13 15:04 file
[root@localhost Desktop]# chmod g+x file
[root@localhost Desktop]# ll file
-rw-r-xr--. 1 root root 0 Sep 13 15:04 file
将缓存中的历史命令写入历史文件~/.bash_history
history -a
清除历史文件中的所有历史命令
history -c
suid：当s出现在文件拥有者的x权限时，就被成为SetUID，简称SUID
1、suid权限仅对二进制程序有效（binary program）
2、执行者对于该程序需要具有x的可执行权限；
3、本权限仅在执行该程序的过程中有效（run-time）；
4、执行者将具有该程序拥有者的权限。
[root@localhost Desktop]# ll /usr/bin/passwd
-rwsr-xr-x. 1 root root 27832 Jan 30 2014 /usr/bin/passwd
[root@localhost Desktop]# su - zj
Last login: Fri Sep 25 15:35:29 CST 2015 on pts/0
[zj@localhost ~]$ passwd
Changing password for user zj.
Changing password for zj.
(current) UNIX password:
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[zj@localhost ~]$ exit
logout
[root@localhost Desktop]# chmod 755 /usr/bin/passwd
[root@localhost Desktop]# ll /usr/bin/passwd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 27832 Jan 30 2014 /usr/bin/passwd
[root@localhost Desktop]# su - zj
Last login: Fri Sep 25 15:36:17 CST 2015 on pts/0
[zj@localhost ~]$ passwd
Changing password for user zj.
Changing password for zj.
(current) UNIX password:
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: Authentication token manipulation error
sgid:当 s 标志在档案拥有者的x项目为 SUID，那s在群组的x时则称为 Set GID
1、SGID 对二进制程序有用
2、程序执行者对于该程序来说，需具备x的权限
3、执行者在执行的过程中将会获得该程序群组的支持！
[root@localhost Desktop]# find / -perm /2000 -exec ls -l {} \; #查找根文件系统下哪些文件和目录具有SGID的权限
-r-xr-sr-x. 1 root tty 15344 Jan 27 2014 /usr/bin/wall
-rwxr-sr-x. 1 root tty 19536 Mar 28 2014 /usr/bin/write
---x--s--x. 1 root nobody 145312 Mar 20 2014 /usr/bin/ssh-agent
-rwx--s--x. 1 root slocate 40504 Jan 27 2014 /usr/bin/locate
.................................................................
举例：
[root@localhost ~]ll /usr/bin/locate /var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db
-rwx--s--x. 1 root slocate 40504 Jan 27 2014 /usr/bin/locate
-rw-r-----. 1 root slocate 2253156 Sep 25 16:34 /var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db
[root@localhost Desktop]# su - zj
Last login: Fri Sep 25 16:55:38 CST 2015 on pts/1
[zj@localhost ~]$ locate
locate: no pattern to search for specified
sbit：目前只针对目录有效，对于档案没有效果
1、当用户对于此目录具有 w, x 权限，亦即具有写入的权限
2、当用户在该目录下建立档案与目录时，仅有自己与root才有权力删除该档案
举例：
[root@localhost ~]#su - zj
Last login: Mon Oct 5 13:39:21 CST 2015 on pts/1
[zj@localhost ~]$ ll -d /tmp
drwxrwxrwt. 15 root root 4096 Oct 5 13:42 /tmp
[zj@localhost ~]$ touch /tmp/test;ll /tmp/test
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zj zj 0 Oct 5 13:43 /tmp/test
[zj@localhost ~]$ exit
logout
[root@localhost ~]#su - zl
Last login: Mon Oct 5 13:40:05 CST 2015 on pts/1
[zl@localhost ~]$ cd /tmp
[zl@localhost tmp]$ rm test
rm: remove write-protected regular empty file ‘test’? y
rm: cannot remove ‘test’: Operation not permitted
[zl@localhost tmp]$ exit
logout
[root@localhost ~]#chmod 777 /tmp
[root@localhost ~]#su - zl
Last login: Mon Oct 5 13:43:07 CST 2015 on pts/1
[zl@localhost ~]$ cd /tmp
[zl@localhost tmp]$ rm test
rm: remove write-protected regular empty file ‘test’? y
[zl@localhost tmp]$ ll test
ls: cannot access test: No such file or directory
或
[zj@localhost ~]$ ll -d /tmp
drwxrwxrwx. 15 root root 4096 Oct 5 12:59 /tmp
[root@localhost tmp]#su - zj
Last login: Mon Oct 5 12:59:04 CST 2015 on pts/1
[zj@localhost ~]$ cd /tmp
[zj@localhost tmp]$ touch test
[zj@localhost tmp]$ ll test
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zj zj 0 Oct 5 13:01 test
[zj@localhost tmp]$ logout
[root@localhost tmp]#su - zl
Last login: Mon Oct 5 13:00:37 CST 2015 on pts/1
[zl@localhost ~]$ cd /tmp
[zl@localhost tmp]$ ll test
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zj zj 0 Oct 5 13:01 test
[zl@localhost tmp]$ rm test
rm: remove write-protected regular empty file ‘test’? y
[zl@localhost tmp]$ ll test
ls: cannot access test: No such file or directory
[root@localhost tmp]#su - zj
Last login: Mon Oct 5 13:04:28 CST 2015 on pts/1
[zj@localhost ~]$ chmod 1777 /tmp
[zj@localhost ~]$ ll -d /tmp
drwxrwxrwt. 15 root root 4096 Oct 5 13:05 /tmp
[zj@localhost ~]$ touch /tmp/test
[zj@localhost ~]$ ll /tmp/test
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zj zj 0 Oct 5 13:06 /tmp/test
[zj@localhost ~]$ chmod 777 /tmp/test
[zj@localhost ~]$ ll /tmp/test
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 zj zj 0 Oct 5 13:06 /tmp/test
[zj@localhost ~]$ logout
[root@localhost tmp]#su - zl
Last login: Mon Oct 5 13:01:33 CST 2015 on pts/1
[zl@localhost ~]$ cd /tmp
[zl@localhost tmp]$ rm test
rm: cannot remove ‘test’: Operation not permitted
chmod:
[root@localhost ~]# touch test.txt&&mkdir test
[root@localhost ~]# ll -d test.txt test
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 13 15:29 test
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 13 15:29 test.txt
[root@localhost ~]# chmod g+s test
[root@localhost ~]# ll -d test
drwxr-sr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 13 15:29 test
[root@localhost ~]# chmod o+t test
[root@localhost ~]# ll -d test
drwxr-sr-t. 2 root root 6 Sep 13 15:29 test
[root@localhost ~]# ll /bin/passwd
-rwsr-xr-x. 1 root root 27832 Jan 30 2014 /bin/passwd
[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/shadow
----------. 1 root root 1148 Sep 13 15:15 /etc/shadow
[root@localhost ~]# ll test.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 13 15:29 test.txt
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 0755 test.txt
[root@localhost ~]# ll test.txt
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 0 Sep 13 15:29 test.txt
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 2755 test.txt
[root@localhost ~]# ll test.txt
-rwxr-sr-x. 1 root root 0 Sep 13 15:29 test.txt
chown:
[root@localhost ~]# ll test.txt
-rwxr-sr-x. 1 root root 0 Sep 13 15:29 test.txt
[root@localhost ~]# chown student test.txt&&ll test.txt
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 student root 0 Sep 13 15:29 test.txt
[root@localhost ~]# chown :wheel test.txt
[root@localhost ~]# ll test.txt
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 student wheel 0 Sep 13 15:29 test.txt
[root@localhost ~]# chown root:student test.txt
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p a/b/c
[root@localhost ~]# ls -ld a
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 14 Sep 13 15:40 a
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R student a
[root@localhost ~]# ll -d a
drwxr-xr-x. 3 student root 14 Sep 13 15:40 a
[root@localhost ~]# ls -ld a/b/c
drwxr-xr-x. 2 student root 6 Sep 13 15:40 a/b/c
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R g+w a
[root@localhost ~]# ls -ld a/b/c
drwxrwxr-x. 2 student root 6 Sep 13 15:40 a/b/c
chgrp:
[root@localhost Desktop]# ll file
-rw-r-xr--. 1 zj zj 0 Sep 24 13:44 file
[root@localhost Desktop]# chown zj:zj file
[root@localhost Desktop]# chgrp root file #改变文件所属群组
[root@localhost Desktop]# ll file
-rw-r-xr--. 1 zj root 0 Sep 24 13:44 file
第七章 监控和管理Linux进程
&：将执行的进程放到后台运行
jobs:列出进程状态与编号
fg %:将某进程转入前台执行
bg %:将某进程转入后台执行
kill -9 PID:强制结束某个进程
[root@localhost Desktop]# ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
47792 pts/2 00:00:00 bash
47936 pts/2 00:00:00 ps
[root@localhost Desktop]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null bs=1k
^Z
[1]+ Stopped dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null bs=1k
[root@localhost Desktop]# jobs
[1]+ Stopped dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null bs=1k
[root@localhost Desktop]# bg
[1]+ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null bs=1k &
[root@localhost Desktop]# jobs
[1]+ Running dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null bs=1k &
[root@localhost Desktop]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null bs=2k &
[2] 47967
[root@localhost Desktop]# jobs
[1]- Running dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null bs=1k &
[2]+ Running dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null bs=2k &
[root@localhost Desktop]# fg 2
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null bs=2k
^C8400826+0 records in
8400826+0 records out
17204891648 bytes (17 GB) copied, 24.9531 s, 689 MB/s
[root@localhost Desktop]# ps -a -o pid,comm
PID COMMAND
47952 dd
47985 ps
[root@localhost Desktop]# kill -9 47952
[1]+ Killed dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null bs=1k
[root@localhost Desktop]# jobs
打开火狐浏览器并结束
[root@localhost Desktop]# firefox &
[1] 48039
[root@localhost Desktop]#
(process:48039): GLib-CRITICAL **: g_slice_set_config: assertion `sys_page_size == 0' failed
^C
[root@localhost Desktop]# killall -9 firefox
[1]+ Killed firefox
[root@localhost Desktop]# w #查看哪些用户登录到了当前系统
16:45:48 up 12:11, 3 users, load average: 1.13, 1.36, 0.96
USER TTY LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
root :0 15:14 ?xdm? 17:43 0.21s gdm-session-worker [pam/gdm-password]
root pts/2 16:33 4.00s 0.15s 0.01s w
root pts/0 15:14 1:14m 0.18s 0.18s /bin/bash
[root@localhost Desktop]# whoami #查看当前登录的用户用户名
root
设置与恢复前导符
[root@localhost Desktop]# PS1=C:\\\ \>
C:\ >PS1='[\u@\h \W]#'
[root@localhost Desktop]#
uptime:查看系统运行了多长时间
[root@localhost Desktop]# uptime
16:48:58 up 12:14, 3 users, load average: 1.11, 1.24, 0.98
[root@localhost Desktop]# cat /proc/cpuinfo #查看CPU信息
processor: 0
vendor_id: GenuineIntel
cpu family: 6
model: 42
model name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2550K CPU @ 3.40GHz
stepping: 7
microcode: 0x28
cpu MHz: 3801.000
cache size: 6144 KB
physical id: 0
siblings: 1
core id: 0
cpu cores: 1
apicid: 0
initial apicid: 0
fpu: yes
fpu_exception: yes
cpuid level: 13
wp: yes
flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt aes xsave avx hypervisor lahf_lm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm
bogomips: 7602.00
clflush size: 64
cache_alignment: 64
address sizes: 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
打开系统监控并转入后台执行
[root@localhost Desktop]#gnome-system-monitor &
第八章 控制服务和守护进程
[root@localhost Desktop]#systemctl status iscsid.service
iscsid.service - Open-iSCSI
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/iscsid.service; disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2015-09-13 17:13:32 CST; 20s ago
Docs: man:iscsid(8)
man:iscsiadm(8)
Process: 48570 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/iscsid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 48572 (iscsid)
CGroup: /system.slice/iscsid.service
├─48571 /usr/sbin/iscsid
└─48572 /usr/sbin/iscsid
Sep 13 17:13:32 localhost iscsid[48571]: iSCSI daemon with pid=48572 started!
Sep 13 17:13:32 localhost systemd[1]: Failed to read PID from file /var/run/iscsid.pid: Invalid argument
Sep 13 17:13:32 localhost systemd[1]: Started Open-iSCSI.
[root@localhost Desktop]#systemctl stop iscsid.service
Warning: Stopping iscsid.service, but it can still be activated by:
iscsid.socket
[root@localhost Desktop]#systemctl enable iscsid.service #开机启动iscsi服务
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/iscsid.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/iscsid.service'
[root@localhost Desktop]#systemctl disable iscsid.service #开机不自动启动iscsi服务
rm '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/iscsid.service'
等同于
[root@localhost Desktop]#service start iscsid
[root@localhost Desktop]#service status iscsid
[root@localhost Desktop]#service stop iscsid
[root@localhost Desktop]#chkconfig iscsid on #开机启动iscsi服务
[root@localhost Desktop]#chkconfig iscsid off #开机不自动启动iscsi服务
^的替换：将上一条的命令进行替换
[root@localhost Desktop]#systemctl status iscsid.service
[root@localhost Desktop]#^status^stop
systemctl stop iscsid.service
Warning: Stopping iscsid.service, but it can still be activated by:
iscsid.socket
查看本机安装了哪些服务
[root@localhost Desktop]# systemctl enable
abrt-pstoreoops.service
arp-ethers.service
blk-availability.service
brandbot.path
brltty.service
canberra-system-bootup.service
canberra-system-shutdown-reboot.service
canberra-system-shutdown.service
chgrp:更改文件的所属组
ctrl+s:隐藏输入命令 #只在字符界面生效，图形界面不生效
ctrl+q:取消隐藏输入命令