backup&restore---offline

1  dd if=/dev/sda1 of=/dev/sda2 (SCSI HD)
    dd if=/dev/hda of=/dev/hdb    (IDE HD)
2  backup&restore mbr
    dd if=/dev/hda of=/mbr bs =512 count=1
    dd if=/mbr of=/dev/sda bs=512 count=1
3  make startup disk from usb
    mount /dev/cdrom
    cd /media/cdrom
    ls
    df -h
    dd if=diskboot.img of=dev/sdb
4  dump 0f /dev/rmt/0n(tape) /oracle
    dump 0f /oradata(HD) /oracle
    restore -tf /oradata  (preview)
    rm -rf /oracle
    restore -rvf /oradata
   
    restore -if /oradata  (restore single or server files)
    ls
    cd oracle
    ls
    add file1
    extract
    1
    n
    quit
    cd /oracle
    ls
   NOTICE: use this command to know who access the folder oracle:
 fuser -u /oracle 

5  find / -name 'file1' / cpio -o > filebak (backup automaticly)
    cpio -iv < filebak  
6 cpio -o > filebak (backup manual)
   file.txt