等待事件:latch:cache buffer chains

客户产品数据库上午出现了严重的性能问题,简单记录一下问题的诊断和解决过程。可以看到,数据库的DB TIME已经涨到了非常高的地步,这说明系统正经受着非常严重的性能问题:

 

 

Snap Id

Snap Time

Sessions

Cursors/Session

Begin Snap:

7170

31-3 -12 08:00:50

395

10.5

End Snap:

7172

31-3 -12 09:00:27

689

11.7

Elapsed:

 

59.61 (mins)

   

DB Time:

 

17,270.93 (mins)

   

 

 

TOP 5看,等待事件中最明显的是latch: cache buffers chains,从当前系统的状态也可以看到这一点:

 

SQL> SELECT EVENT, COUNT(*) FROM GV$SESSION GROUP BY EVENT HAVING COUNT(*) > 5 ORDER BY 2 DESC;

 

EVENT COUNT(*)
---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
latch: cache buffers chains 1043
SQL*Net message from client 500
SQL*Net message to client 35
rdbms ipc message 29
gc cr request 25
latch free 13
gcs remote message 10
gc buffer busy 7

 

8 rows selected.

系统中部分SQL的执行时间已经长达几个小时:

 

SQL ordered by Elapsed Time

Elapsed Time (s)

CPU Time (s)

Executions

Elap per Exec (s)

% Total DB Time

SQL Id

SQL Module

SQL Text

341,821

11,917

112

3051.97

32.99

8v9mhuxam279p

JDBC Thin Client

SELECT count(*) total FROM ( s...

244,752

3,380

147

1664.98

23.62

44zutxspd664c

JDBC Thin Client

SELECT count(*) total FROM ( s...

52,419

11,331

3

17472.91

5.06

a6aqkm30u7p90

JDBC Thin Client

select cf.cardid, (CASE WHEN c...

38,767

532

11

3524.24

3.74

8b8kbrqmg7qf9

JDBC Thin Client

SELECT count(*) total FROM ( s...

37,146

2,524

2

18573.15

3.58

8fpf0vtjzb583

JDBC Thin Client

SELECT count(*) total FROM ( s...

30,796

2,331

5

6159.20

2.97

9wxzf70vub4wg

JDBC Thin Client

SELECT count(*) total FROM ( s...

29,991

2,506

1

29991.41

2.89

5vdncfn06sxz8

JDBC Thin Client

SELECT count(*) total FROM ( s...

24,762

875

3

8254.06

2.39

8vyda1jxu2nsc

JDBC Thin Client

SELECT count(*) total FROM (SE...

17,845

699

2

8922.50

1.72

99g0x7u3jv28v

JDBC Thin Client

SELECT count(*) total FROM (SE...

17,470

1,295

0

 

1.69

08qmyqnjkpgru

JDBC Thin Client

select * from (select aa.*, ro...

 

 

 

 

 

其实根据这些现象,基本上可以判断问题了。肯定是SQL执行计划的改变导致了当前的性能问题。而类似绑定变量窥探之类的问题只会影响个别的SQL,而这么大面积的执行计划的改变,几乎可以断定是统计信息造成的。
      询问了一下客户最近的操作,原来昨天夜里通过数据库链的方式导入了一部分数据。而今天一早问题就出现了。
      其实问题已经很明显了,在通过数据库链加载数据后,并没有重新收集统计信息,且由于加载时间是在半夜,这批数据也没有赶上每天22:00的统计信息自动收集的工作。这就使得Oracle在生成执行计划时,会依赖数据加载前的统计信息,从而造成了错误的执行计划。

     首先解决问题的根源问题,对加载过数据的表重新收集统计:

 

SQL> SELECT 'EXEC DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS(''USER1'', ''' || TABLE_NAME || ''', CASCADE => TRUE)' FROM DBA_TABLES WHERE OWNER = 'USER1' AND LAST_ANALYZED < TRUNC(SYSDATE);

 

'EXECDBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS(''USER1'','''||TABLE_NAME||''',CASCADE=>TRUE)'
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXEC DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS('USER1', 'TABLE_1', CASCADE => TRUE)
EXEC DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS('USER1', 'TABLE_2', CASCADE => TRUE)
.
.
.
EXEC DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS('USER1', 'TABLE_3', CASCADE => TRUE)
EXEC DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS('USER1', 'TABLE_4', CASCADE => TRUE)

 

12 rows selected.

 

SQL> EXEC DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS('USER1', ' TABLE_1', CASCADE => TRUE)

 

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

 

SQL> EXEC DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS('USER1', ' TABLE_2', CASCADE => TRUE)

 

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

 

.SQL> EXEC DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS('USER1', ' TABLE_3', CASCADE => TRUE)

 

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

 

SQL> EXEC DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS('USER1', ' TABLE_4', CASCADE => TRUE)

 

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

 

虽然问题的根源已经被解决,但是当前运行的SQL并不会改变执行计划,因此还需要找到问题的SQL,从后台将其结束:

 

SQL> SELECT 'kill -9 ' || spid from v$session s, v$process p where s.username = 'USER2' and s.paddr = p.addr and event = 'latch: cache buffers chains';

 

'KILL-9'||SPID
--------------------
kill -9 28321
kill -9 25384
kill -9 23697
kill -9 7239
.
.
.
kill -9 9331
kill -9 13759

 

740 rows selected.

 

SQL> SELECT 'kill -9 ' || spid from gv$session s, gv$process p where s.username = 'USER2' and s.paddr = p.addr and event = 'latch: cache buffers chains' and s.inst_id = p.inst_id and s.inst_id = 2;

 

'KILL-9'||SPID
--------------------
kill -9 23992
kill -9 5289
kill -9 21067
kill -9 16816
kill -9 16820
kill -9 26767
.
.
.
kill -9 14981
kill -9 26678
kill -9 26682

 

258 rows selected.

 

分别在两个节点杀掉这些执行计划存在问题的会话,释放被大量占用的系统资源。

 

由于Oracle的执行计划并非在收集统计信息后马上生效,因此还有个别的SQL仍然沿用错误的执行计划:

 

SQL> select distinct inst_id, sql_id from gv$session where event = 'latch: cache buffers chains';

 

INST_ID SQL_ID
---------- -------------
1 39gvg7vbcm8jx
1 a6aqkm30u7p90

 

SQL> select address, hash_value from v$sqlarea where sql_id = 'a6aqkm30u7p90'

 

ADDRESS HASH_VALUE
---------------- ----------
C000000EB7ED3420 3248739616

 

SQL> exec dbms_shared_pool.purge('C000000EB7ED3420,3248739616','C')

 

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

 

SQL> select address, hash_value from v$sqlarea where sql_id ='39gvg7vbcm8jx';

 

ADDRESS HASH_VALUE
---------------- ----------
C000001037B8E308 3603538493

 

SQL> exec dbms_shared_pool.purge('C000001037B8E308’,‘3603538493', 'C')

 

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

 

由于当前的数据库版本是10.2.0.5,因此可以很方便的使用dbms_shared_pool将执行计划错误的SQL清除出共享池,强制其重新生成执行计划。

 

SQL> select event, count(*) from gv$session where username like != user GROUP BY EVENT order by 2 desc;

 

EVENT COUNT(*)
---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
SQL*Net message from client 370
SQL*Net message to client 15
gc cr request 10
latch free 4
Streams AQ: waiting for messages in the queue 1

 

5 rows selected.

 

数据库中SQL执行计划错误除了导致大量的latch: cache buffers chains等待以外,还存在gc cr requestlatch free等这些等待事件,经分析同样是由于错误的执行计划所致。将这些会话采用相同的方法清除后,系统负载恢复到正常范围:

 

 

Snap Id

Snap Time

Sessions

Cursors/Session

Begin Snap:

7188

31-3 -12 14:55:17

257

20.3

End Snap:

7189

31-3 -12 15:03:07

256

19.9

Elapsed:

 

7.84 (mins)

   

DB Time:

 

70.46 (mins)

 

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