典型QoS配置案例

一般的QoS配置不外乎四个步骤:
1,设置ACL匹配应用流量;
2,设置class-map匹配相应ACL或者相应端口等等,不过一般式匹配ACL;
3,设置policy-map匹配class-map,然后定一规则动作;
4,将policy-map绑定到相应的接口上。
当然需要注意的是qos已经全局enable,默认情况先qos是disable的。使用全局命令mls qos来enable,可以通过show mls qos来查看是否enable。
下面使用一个比较典型的案例来说明QoS的配置步骤:
需求:路径带宽为622Mbps,四种应用流量,需要保证如下几点:
流量1,某一具体应用流量,永远优先传输,最小带宽保证为365Mbps;
流量2,某一具体应用流量,次优先传输,最小带宽保证为200Mbps;
流量3,此为业务流量,保证在1和2后的其余带宽下传输即可;
流量4,某一具体应用流量,保证在123流量外的带宽下传输即可。
具体配置如下:
第一步,定义ACL匹配应用流量:
ip access-list extended tra1_acl
  permit tcp 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 1.1.2.0 0.0.0.255 eq 8818
ip access-list extended tra2_acl
  permit tcp 1.1.3.0 0.0.0.255 1.1.4.0 0.0.0.255 eq 901
ip access-list extended tra4_acl
  permit ip 1.1.5.0 0.0.0.255 1.1.6.0 0.0.0.255
第二步,定义class-map匹配相关ACL:
class-map match-all tra1_cmap
  match access-group name tra1_acl
class-map match-all tra2_cmap
  match access-group name tra2_acl
class-map match-all tra4_cmap
  match access-group name tra4_acl
第三步,定义policy-map:
policy-map tra_pmap
  class tra1_cmap
    set precedence 5
    plicy cir 365000000 bc 8500000 be 13500000 conform-action transmit exceed-action set-prec-transmit 3 violate-action set-prec-transmit 2  
    bandwitch 365000
  class tra2_cmap
    set precedence 4
    policy cir 200000000 bc 10000000 be 13000000 conform-action transmit exceed-action set-prec-transmit 3 violate-action set-prec-transmit 2  
    bandwidth 200000
  class tra4_cmap
    set precedence 1
  class class-default
    set precedence 2
第四步,绑定policy-map于相应的接口:
int pos1/0/0
  service-policy output tra_pmap
至此,配置完毕。
通过命令查看policy-map的匹配情况:
switch-a#sh policy-map interface pos1/0/0
POS1/0/0
  Service-policy output: tra_map
    Class-map: tra1_cmap (match-all)
      66639423781 packets, 74849682635166 bytes
      30 second offered rate 260369000 bps, drop rate 0 bps  //匹配此class-map的流量速率
      Match: access-group name tra1_acl
      Queueing
      queue limit 91250 (packets)
      (queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0
      (pkts queued/bytes queued) 66639405294/74849695040832
      QoS Set
        ip precedence 5
          Packets marked 66639423781
      police:
          cir 365000000 bps, bc 8500000 bytes, be 13500000 bytes  //注意cir、bc和be的单位
        conformed 66191701966 packets, 74341131469597 bytes; action: transmit
        exceeded 218369922 packets, 232627302399 bytes; action: set-prec-transmit 4
        violated 229208950 packets, 275718927918 bytes; action: set-prec-transmit 3
        conformed 256761000 bps, exceed 1656000 bps, violate 1939000 bps  //每个action的流量速率,注意这三个值总和应该大致等于上面的总速率;
      bandwidth 365000 kbps
    Class-map: tra2_cmap (match-all)
      11315788699 packets, 7283900643868 bytes
      30 second offered rate 10753000 bps, drop rate 0 bps
      Match: access-group tra2_acl
      Queueing
      queue limit 50000 (packets)
      (queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 1/0/0
      (pkts queued/bytes queued) 11315783713/7283897663316
      QoS Set
        ip precedence 4
          Packets marked 11315788699
      police:
          cir 200000000 bps, bc 10000000 bytes, be 13000000 bytes  
        conformed 11315784826 packets, 7283898283723 bytes; action: transmit
        exceeded 0 packets, 0 bytes; action: set-prec-transmit 3
        violated 0 packets, 0 bytes; action: set-prec-transmit 2
        conformed 10753000 bps, exceed 0 bps, violate 0 bps
      bandwidth 200000 kbps
    Class-map: tra4_cmap (match-all)
      1751296887 packets, 2633425803184 bytes
      30 second offered rate 149000 bps, drop rate 0 bps
      Match: access-group name tra4_acl
      QoS Set
        ip precedence 1
          Packets marked 1751296887
    Class-map: class-default (match-any)
      22956539608 packets, 17721898306471 bytes
      30 second offered rate 196094000 bps, drop rate 528000 bps
      Match: any
      queue limit 14250 (packets)
      (queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/9004701/0
      (pkts queued/bytes queued) 24700897941/20350618920708
      QoS Set
        ip precedence 2
          Packets marked 22958504481
switch-a#
必要命令解释:
plicy cir 365000000 bc 8500000 be 13500000 conform-action transmit exceed-action set-prec-transmit 3 violate-action set-prec-transmit 2  
cir为承诺的带宽速率,即需要保证的带宽速率,单位为bps;
bc为普通突发,单位为bytes;
be为最高突发,单位为bytes;
set-prec-transmit,表示设置IP优先级并转发数据包;
上面整体命令解释为:承诺带宽365Mbps,普通突发为8.5Mbytes,最高突发为13.5Mbytes。当速率小于450Mbps(365+85)是转发数据包,当超过450Mbps小于500Mbps(365+135)是重写IP优先级为3并转发数据包,当超过500Mbps是重写IP优先级为2并转发数据包。

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