【MySQL运维】企业web高可用集群实战之lvs+keepalived+mysql HA

   前端用两台server做lvs+keepalived负载调度器，中间用apache+php作为web应用服务器，后端用两台做mysql高可用，用nfs、mfs或作为web文件共享服务器

系统环境：

LVS调度主服务器：192.168.8.11

LVS调度从服务器：192.168.8.12

LVS VIP：192.168.8.10

apache服务器：192.168.8.20  192.168.8.21

MySQL主服务器：192.168.8.31

MySQL从服务器：192.168.8.32

MySQL VIP：192.168.8.30

由于工作时间比较紧，同时还要培训，架构图后期补上!!

用到软件准备：

所有服务器软件包都放在/opt 目录下，下面是下载地址：

wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.1.20.tar.gz
wget http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.5/mysql-5.5.24-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz  #64位
wget http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.5/mysql-5.5.24-linux2.6-i686.tar.gz    #32位

一、LVS+Keepalived

1.安装ipvsadm

yum -y install ipvsadm kernel-devel

ln -sv /usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-308.8.2.el5-x86_64/ /usr/src/linux

2.安装keepalived

cd /opt/
tar zxf keepalived-1.1.20.tar.gz
cd keepalived-1.1.20
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-308.11.1.el5-x86_64/
出现如下信息内核加载成功：
Keepalived configuration
------------------------
Keepalived version       : 1.1.20
Compiler                 : gcc
Compiler flags           : -g -O2
Extra Lib                : -lpopt -lssl -lcrypto
Use IPVS Framework       : Yes
IPVS sync daemon support : Yes
Use VRRP Framework       : Yes
Use Debug flags          : No
make;make install
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
mkdir /etc/keepalived
chkconfig keepalived on

3.创建配置文件

cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   notification_email {
      [email protected]
   }
   notification_email_from [email protected]
   smtp_server smtp.163.com
  #smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER             #备份服务器上将MASTER改为BACKUP
interface eth0
    lvs_sync_daemon_inteface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
priority 100        #备份服务上将100改为低于100的数值
    advert_int 5
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.8.10
    }
}
virtual_server 192.168.8.10 80 {
    delay_loop 6                  #(每隔10秒查询realserver状态)
    lb_algo wlc                   #(lvs 算法)
    lb_kind DR                    #(Direct Route)
    persistence_timeout 60        #(同一IP的连接60秒内被分配到同一台realserver)
    protocol TCP                  #(用TCP协议检查realserver状态)
    real_server 192.168.8.11 80 {
        weight 100                #(权重)
        TCP_CHECK {
        connect_timeout 10        #(10秒无响应超时)
        nb_get_retry 3
        delay_before_retry 3
        connect_port 80
        }
    }
    real_server 192.168.8.12 80 {
        weight 100
        TCP_CHECK {
        connect_timeout 10
        nb_get_retry 3
        delay_before_retry 3
        connect_port 80
        }
     }
}

PS :从配置文件参考以上主的配置文件，不同的地方是红色标注两处！

二、WEB集群

1、这里可以选择lamp、lnmp、lanmp等web架构，至于搭建略！

2、在各web节点上创建realserver脚本

cat /root/sh/lvs_real.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Description: Config realserver script
#Written by : opsren----http://linuxops.blog.51cto.com
SNS_VIP=192.168.8.10
/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
case"$1"in
start)
       /sbin/ifconfig lo:0 $SNS_VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $SNS_VIP
       /sbin/route add -host $SNS_VIP dev lo:0
       echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
       echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
       echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
       echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
       sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1
       echo "RealServer Start OK"
       ;;
stop)
       /sbin/ifconfig lo:0 down
       /sbin/route del $SNS_VIP >/dev/null 2>&1
       echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
       echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
       echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
       echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
       echo "RealServer Stoped"
       ;;
*)
       echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
       exit 1
esac
exit 0
给予可执行权限：
chmod +755 /roo/sh/lvs_real.sh
启动脚本：
/root/sh/lvs_real.sh start

三、MySQL高可用（双主）部署

1.MySQL安装与配置

这里采用mysql5.5.24二进制tar包

tar zxf mysql-5.5.24-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/mysql5.5

设置配置文件：

cat >> /etc/my.cnf << EOF
[client]
port            = 3306
socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock
#character-set-server = utf8
[mysqld]
connect_timeout = 20
basedir         = /usr/local/mysql
datadir         = /data/mysql-5.5/data
user            = mysql
port            = 3306
socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock
pid-file        = /data/mysql-5.5/data/mysql.pid
##init_connect    = 'SET AUTOCOMMIT=1'
character-set-server = utf8
open_files_limit = 10240
table_open_cache      = 6144
table_definition_cache  = 4096
table_cache = 512
max_connections         = 1100
max_connect_errors      = 1000
back_log        = 500
event_scheduler = ON
external-locking = FALSE
skip-name-resolve
#default_table_type = MyISAM
server-id = 10
#master-host = 192.168.8.31
#master-user = repl
#master-password = repl
#replicate-ignore-db=mysql
slave-net-timeout=35
#master-connect-retry=30
#relay-log = relay-bin
#max-relay-log-size = 128M
#skip-slave-start
#replicate-same-server-id=0
#log_slave_update
#replicate-do-db=WATCDB01
#replicate-do-db=WATCDB02
#replicate-do-db=WATCDB03
#replicate-do-db=WATCDB04
wait_timeout=100
interactive_timeout = 100
##Add for debug,record all the sql
##log                   = /usr/local/mysql/fetiondata/data/g_log.log
##innodb_status_file    = 1
#
#tmpdir                  = /tmp
tmpdir                  = /data/mysql-5.5/tmp
tmp_table_size          = 32M
max_heap_table_size     = 64M
thread_cache_size       = 64
thread_concurrency      = 32
thread_stack            = 192K
max_allowed_packet      = 16M
sort_buffer_size        = 512k
join_buffer_size        = 512k
query_cache_size        = 0
query_cache_limit       = 2M
key_buffer_size         = 64M
read_buffer_size        = 512k
read_rnd_buffer_size    = 512k
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 32M
binlog_format           = mixed
#binlog_cache_size       = 1M
#log-bin                 = /data/mysql-5.5/logs/mysql-bin
max_binlog_size         = 128M
#log_long_format
slow-query-log
slow-query-log-file = mysql.slow
#log_queries_not_using_indexes   = 0
long_query_time                 = 1
myisam_sort_buffer_size         = 32M
myisam_max_sort_file_size       = 10G
#myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads           = 1
myisam_recover
log_error               = /data/mysql-5.5/logs/error.log
# READ-UNCOMMITTED, READ-COMMITTED, REPEATABLE-READ, SERIALIZABLE
#default#transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
#innodb_checksums        = 0
#innodb_doublewrite      = 0
innodb_flush_method     = O_DIRECT
#96G
innodb_buffer_pool_size         = 48G
#innodb_buffer_pool_size        = 60G
#innodb_buffer_pool_instances   = 10
innodb_buffer_pool_instances    = 4
#innodb_buffer_pool_size         = 33G
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_data_home_dir    =
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:20G;ibdata2:20G;ibdata3:20G;ibdata4:20G;ibdata5:20G;ibdata6:20G;ibdata7:20G;ibdata8:100M:autoextend
innodb_data_file_path  = ibdata1:2048M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir  = /data/mysql-5.5/logs
innodb_log_buffer_size    = 16M
innodb_log_file_size      = 1024M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_thread_concurrency = 288
innodb_thread_sleep_delay = 500
#innodb_file_io_threads    = 8
innodb_concurrency_tickets = 1000
innodb_sync_spin_loops=40
##innodb_force_recovery is only used for recovery mode;
##innodb_force_recovery   = 3
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit  = 0
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct      = 90
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout        = 120
innodb_lock_wait_timeout        = 10
innodb_support_xa               = 0
#Added to allow create function
log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1
innodb_file_per_table = 1
#turn
innodb_stats_on_metadata=0
innodb_old_blocks_pct=20
innodb_change_buffering=all
#innodb_max_purge_lag
innodb_purge_threads=1
innodb_purge_batch_size = 32
innodb_read_io_threads = 8
innodb_write_io_threads = 8
innodb_io_capacity = 2000
innodb_file_format = Barracuda
#manage
performance_schema
performance_schema_events_waits_history_size=100
performance_schema_events_waits_history_long_size=30000
#innodb_strict_mode=1
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 128M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
[mysqld_safe]
open-files-limit = 28192
EOF

注意两点：

1).在两台MySQL服务器上开启bin-log日志，默认是开启的！

2).另外一台服务器节点的server-id设置为20，本来设置为10

2.将31服务器设置32的主服务器

在31服务器上建立授权用户！

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep'@'%' identified by "rep";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File          | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| binlog.000004 |   138637 |              |                  |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)
在32服务器上把31服务器设为自己的主服务器，mysql客户端连接到32服务器：
mysql> change master to  master_host='192.168.8.31',master_user='rep',master_password='rep',master_log_file='binlog.000004',master_log_pos=138637;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.8.31
                  Master_User: rep
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: binlog.000004
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 138637
               Relay_Log_File: relaylog.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 250
        Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000004
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB:
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql,test,information_schema
           Replicate_Do_Table:
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 138637
              Relay_Log_Space: 399
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
             Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

PS:

  Slave_IO_Running: Yes

  Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

两处都为YES，表示OK！

3.将32服务器设置31的主服务器

在32服务器上建立授权用户：

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep'@'%' identified by "rep";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File          | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| binlog.000004 |      320 |              |                  |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
在31服务器上把32服务器设为自己的主服务器，mysql客户端连接到31服务器：
mysql> change master to  master_host='192.168.8.32',master_user='rep',master_password='rep',master_log_file='binlog.000004',master_log_pos=320;
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id:    74
Current database: *** NONE ***
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.8.32
                  Master_User: rep
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: binlog.000004
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 320
               Relay_Log_File: relaylog.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 250
        Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000004
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB:
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql,test,information_schema
           Replicate_Do_Table:
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 320
              Relay_Log_Space: 399
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
             Master_Server_Id: 2
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4.主主同步测试

先在31服务器上建个库：

mysql> create database t_test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| t_test             |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
再到32服务器查询是否同步过来这个库：
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| bbs                |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| t_test             |
| test               |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
可以看到同步过来了！
反过来一样！这步略！
5.keepalived安装配置
yum -y install kernel-devel ipvsadm
ln -sv /usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-308.8.2.el5-x86_64/ /usr/src/linux
cd /opt
tar zxf keepalived-1.1.20.tar.gz
cd keepalived-1.1.20
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-308.11.1.el5-x86_64/
make;make install
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
mkdir /etc/keepalived
chkconfig keepalived on
创建配置文件：
主服务器：
cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   notification_email {
     [email protected]
   }
   notification_email_from [email protected]
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id mysql-ha
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    nopreempt   #不抢占,只在priority高的节点上设置
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.8.30
    }
}
virtual_server 192.168.8.30 3306 {
    delay_loop 2
    lb_algo wrr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 60
    protocol TCP
    real_server 192.168.8.31 3306
        weight 3
        notify_down /root/sh/mysql.sh
            TCP_CHECK {
            connect_timeout 10
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
            connect_port 3306
        }
    }
}
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
从服务器：
cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   notification_email {
     [email protected]
   }
   notification_email_from [email protected]
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id mysql-ha
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.8.30
    }
}
virtual_server 192.168.8.30 3306 {
    delay_loop 2
    lb_algo wrr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 60
    protocol TCP
    real_server 192.168.8.32 3306
        weight 3
        notify_down /root/sh/mysql.sh
            TCP_CHECK {
            connect_timeout 10
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
            connect_port 3306
        }
    }
}

主备配置文件注意几点：

1).router_id 两边必须相同

2).state 两边都为BACKUP

3).virtual_router_id 两边必须相同

4).priority 主节点的值必须大于从节点的值

5).nopreempt 不抢占，只在priority高的节点（即主节点）上设置

6).real_server 只需要本机的IP，不需要其它节点的！

7).notify_down 作用是监测到当mysql停止工作时自动关闭本机的keepalived的脚本，实现故障转移！

在主从上都创建当mysql停止工作时自动关闭本机的keepalived的脚本：

cat /root/sh/mysql.sh
#!/bin/bash
MYSQL=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
MYSQL_HOST=localhost
MYSQL_USER=root
MYSQL_PASSWORD="admin"
CHECK_TIME=3

#mysql is working MYSQL_OK is 0 , mysql down MYSQL_OK is 1
MYSQL_OK=1
function check_mysql_helth (){
$MYSQL -h $MYSQL_HOST -u $MYSQL_USER -p $MYSQL_PASSWORD -e "show status;" > /dev/null 2>&1
if [ $? = 0 ] ;then
MYSQL_OK=0
else
MYSQL_OK=1
fi
return $MYSQL_OK
}
while [ $CHECK_TIME -ne 0 ]
do
let "CHECK_TIME -= 1"
check_mysql_helth
if [ $MYSQL_OK = 0 ] ; then
CHECK_TIME=0
exit 0
fi
if [ $MYSQL_OK -eq 1 ] && [ $CHECK_TIME -eq 1 ]
then
   /etc/init.d/keepalived stop
exit 1
fi
sleep 1
done

6.故障转移测试

分别启动主备节点的keepalived服务，然后在主节点查看VIP有没有启动：

31服务器：
[root@mysql1 ~]# ip a |grep eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
    inet 192.168.8.31/24 brd 192.168.8.255 scope global eth0
    inet 192.168.8.30/32 scope global eth0
32服务器：
[root@mysql2 keepalived-1.1.19]# ip a |grep eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
    inet 192.168.8.32/24 brd 192.168.8.255 scope global eth0
现在把31服务器的mysql服务停掉：
[root@mysql1 keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:d4:fd:b3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.8.31/24 brd 192.168.8.255 scope global eth0
    inet 192.168.8.30/32 scope global eth0
[root@mysql1 keepalived]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.                                       [  OK  ]
[root@mysql1 keepalived]# service keepalived status
keepalived is stopped
[root@mysql1 keepalived]#

可以看到mysql服务停掉后，keepalived服务也马上停掉了!

再到32节点上查看下VIP有没有接管：

[root@mysql2 ~]# ip a

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue

   link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

   inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000

   link/ether 00:0c:29:e3:dd:5a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

   inet 192.168.8.32/24 brd 192.168.8.255 scope global eth0

   inet 192.168.8.30/32 scope global eth0

可以看到接管过来了！

四、存储部分

请参考笔者的相关文章：

http://linuxops.blog.51cto.com/2238445/895945  --mfs分布式存储（这里修正了几个错误！！！）

http://linuxops.blog.51cto.com/2238445/899652  --第五部分：NFS高可用web存储部署