网络配置思科网络设备系统升级教程3

************************************************************************ 以下是在PT5.3中的实验内容（5.3版本软件中的服务器多了ftp服务，增加升级设备系统的选择） ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 网络拓扑图： 配置过程： （1）TFTP方式备份与还原 首先，将路由器上bin文件备份到tftp服务器上。   R2#dir Directory of flash:/     3 -rw-    33591768          <no date> c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin     2 -rw-       28282          <no date> sigdef-category.xml     1 -rw-      227537          <no date> sigdef-default.xml 64016384 bytes total (30168797 bytes free)          R2#copy flash: tftp:  Source filename []? c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin      //没人手写这么长的内容的，直接复制上述的dir 中的bin内容即可。 Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.2 Destination filename [c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin]? c1841-new.bin Writing c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin....!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! [OK - 33591768 bytes] 33591768 bytes copied in 24.922 secs (1347000 bytes/sec)    33M数据大概在25秒完成。 查看TFTP服务器，发现c1841-new.bin     已经存在了。 其次，查看一下路由器Flash中有什么，还剩下多大空间，如果空间不够，应该删除点文件。 R2#dir Directory of flash:/     3 -rw-    33591768          <no date> c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin     2 -rw-       28282          <no date> sigdef-category.xml     1 -rw-      227537          <no date> sigdef-default.xml 64016384 bytes total (30168797 bytes free)          请注意，只剩下30M，如果直接再传过来一个33M的系统文件，肯定是存储不够啊。是这样吗？我们可以尝试一下好吧。 R2#copy tftp: flash:  Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.2 Source filename []? c1841-new.bin Destination filename [c1841-new.bin]?        //在此直接回车表示使用默认的c1841-new.bin 名称 Accessing tftp://192.168.1.2/c1841-new.bin... Loading c1841-new.bin from 192.168.1.2: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! [OK - 33591768 bytes]                    // 这里貌似显示传送很正常 33591768 bytes copied in 19.218 secs (183525 bytes/sec) %Error copying tftp://192.168.1.2/c1841-new.bin (Not enough space on device)       //这里显示错误了吧，没有那么大的空间肯定是不行的。 那怎么办呢？只好先删除点路由器flash中的东西了，比如这里把原bin文件删掉。 R2#delete flash:  Delete filename []?c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin      //没人手写这么长的内容的，直接复制上述的dir 中的bin内容即可。 Delete flash:/c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin? [confirm]      //回车确认 R2#dir                                                    Directory of flash:/     2 -rw-       28282          <no date> sigdef-category.xml     1 -rw-      227537          <no date> sigdef-default.xml 64016384 bytes total (63760565 bytes free)                  //这次发现空间大了很多吧 在这里请注意：如果直接reload重启一下，你会发现路由器不可能进去系统了。这台路由器暂时就要歇着了。 切忌：删除bin文件后，不能reload R2#reload  Proceed with reload? [confirm] System Bootstrap, Version 12.3(8r)T8, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Cisco 1841 (revision 5.0) with 114688K/16384K bytes of memory. Boot process failed... The system is unable to boot automatically. The BOOT environment variable needs to be set to a bootable image. rommon 1 >                   // 进不去系统了。 第三，从tftp服务器还原升级路由器系统文件 R2#copy tftp: flash:  Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.2 Source filename []? c1841-new.bin Destination filename [c1841-new.bin]?     // 回车确认文件名称 Accessing tftp://192.168.1.2/c1841-new.bin... Loading c1841-new.bin from 192.168.1.2: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! [OK - 33591768 bytes] 33591768 bytes copied in 25.671 secs (137392 bytes/sec) 在完成系统升级后，重启路由器，bin文件才会生效。 R2#reload --- System Configuration Dialog --- Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n Press RETURN to get started! Router>                         // 重启后发现名称变成默认，说明系统升级成功了。 注意一点：在系统升级传输过程中灯一直在闪烁状态。           （2）FTP方式备份与还原 ………………………………………… 我利用ftp方式实验，备份、还原同样大小系统bin文件，需要15分钟。 那tftp和ftp到底有何区别呢？在此解释一下： 简单文件传输协议tftp是一种用来传输文件的简单协议，运行在 UDP （用户数据报协议）上。 TFTP 的被设计为小而简单容易的运行，因此，它缺乏标准 FTP 协议的许多特征。 TFTP 只能从远程服务器上读、写文件（邮件）或者读、写文件传送给远程服务器。它不能列出目录并且当前不提供用户认证。  tftp和ftp区别： 基于的传输协议不一样：FTP是基于TCP ，TFTP是基于UDP  端口号不一样：FTP是用21.20 ，TFTP是69 速度和安全方面：FTP在速度方面没有TFTP快，但是FTP安全性好。 ………………………………………… 原理请去看 网络配置教程（0.2）——锐捷、华为（H3C）网络设备系统升级教程2 内容，这里会直接实例验证。 网络拓扑图： 配置过程： 首先，指定与ftp服务器的用户名、密码关联。 R1(config)#ip ftp username cisco R1(config)#ip ftp password cisco R1(config)#end R1# write memory 其次，备份系统文件 R1#copy flash: ftp: Source filename []? c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.2 Destination filename [c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin]? c1841-new.bin Writing c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin... [OK - 33591768 bytes] 33591768 bytes copied in 930.381 secs (36000 bytes/sec)    // 33M文件花费15多分钟完成。 最后，还原升级系统文件 R1#dir Directory of flash:/     3 -rw-    33591768          <no date> c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin     2 -rw-       28282          <no date> sigdef-category.xml     1 -rw-      227537          <no date> sigdef-default.xml 64016384 bytes total (30168797 bytes free)          R1#delete flash:  Delete filename []?c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin      //没人手写这么长的内容的，直接复制上述的dir 中的bin内容即可。 Delete flash:/c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin? [confirm]      //回车确认 R1#copy ftp: flash:  Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.2 Source filename []? c1841-new.bin Destination filename [c1841-new.bin]? Accessing ftp://192.168.1.2/c1841-new.bin ... [OK - 33591768 bytes] 33591768 bytes copied in 1016.79 secs (3468 bytes/sec)   //33M，这次花费17分钟左右。   在完成系统升级后，重启路由器，bin文件才会生效。 R1#reload --- System Configuration Dialog --- Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n Press RETURN to get started! Router>                         // 重启后发现名称变成默认，说明系统升级成功了。 注意一点：在系统升级传输过程中灯一直在闪烁状态。 转帖注明出处http://hi.baidu.com/5ijsj/blog/item/4fd7a9cb69257210be09e6f5.html 实验到此也就结束了，最后大家注意： 在实验过程中如果出现以下2种报错情况，请自行检查出错原因并予以解决吧…… Accessing tftp://192.168.1.2/c1841-new.bin........ %Error opening tftp://192.168.1.2/c1841-new.bin (Timed out) Accessing ftp://192.168.1.2/c1841-new.bin... %Error ftp:///c1841-new.bin (No such file or directory Or Permission denied)