IPv6 RIPng和RIP 度量值分析

    RIPv2和RIPng都使用值1-16(表示跳数)的度量,最大跳数为15,16表示不可达,在收到路由更新时路由器会递增该度量值,但RIPng和RIPv2的处理方法有重大区别,下面通过实验进行分析;

wKiom1S9zvCQl6koAADm6MwSb-I502.jpg

    R1、R2、R3之间运行RIPng,路由配置如下,其它配置略;

R1的路由配置:

R1(config)#int loo 0

R1(config-if)#ipv6 ripMao enable //RIPng进程Mao只起本地意义,与OSPF的进程号功能相同;接口下配置该命令后,会在全局下生成ipv6 router rip Mao

R1(config-if)#int s1/0      

R1(config-if)#ipv6 rip Mao enable

R1(config-if)#int fa0/0

R1(config-if)#ipv6 rip Mao enable

R2的路由配置:

R2(config)#int loo 0

R2(config-if)#ipv6 rip Ting en

R2(config-if)#int s1/0

R2(config-if)#ipv6 rip Ting enable

R2(config-if)#int fa0/0

R2(config-if)#ipv6 rip Ting enable

R3的路由配置:

R3(config-if)#int fa1/0

R3(config-if)#ipv6 rip

R3(config-if)#ipv6 rip Hai en

R3(config-if)#int fa0/0

R3(config-if)#ipv6 rip Hai en

R3(config-if)#int loo 0

R3(config-if)#ipv6 rip Hai en


在R1与R3之间抓包分析;

wKiom1S90OLhFaa-AALC0r9NhjU193.jpg

抓包可知,R1在通告路由时,将2011::1/128(R1的环回接口ipv6地址)的跳数设置为1,现在R3上查看该路由的情况

R3#show ipv6 route rip

IPv6 Routing Table -default - 11 entries

Codes: C - Connected, L- Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route

       B - BGP, HA - Home Agent, MR - MobileRouter, R - RIP

       H - NHRP, I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA- ISIS interarea

       IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRPexternal, NM - NEMO

       ND - ND Default, NDp - ND Prefix, DCE -Destination, NDr - Redirect

       O - OSPF Intra, OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 -OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2

       ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSAext 2, l - LISP

R   2001:A:A:12::/64 [120/2]

     via FE80::C802:22FF:FEF8:8,FastEthernet1/0

     via FE80::C801:39FF:FE8C:8,FastEthernet0/0

R   2011::1/128 [120/2]//其跳数置为2,增加了1

     viaFE80::C801:39FF:FE8C:8, FastEthernet0/0

R   2022::2/128 [120/2]

     via FE80::C802:22FF:FEF8:8,FastEthernet1/0

 

现将R1R2R3同时配置RIP协议,配置略,看看路由器R3上的路由的度量值情况与RIPng有什么不同,在R1和R3之间进行抓包如下:

wKiom1S90Lbwv01tAAKaZVGtBuQ498.jpg

R1R3之间抓包可知,R1通告给R31.1.1.1/32路由的跳数值为1,现在R3上查看路由表情况

R3#show ip route rip

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S -static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

      D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

      N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

      E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

      i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

      ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

      o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

      + - replicated route, % - next hop override

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

     1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R        1.1.1.1[120/1] via 13.1.1.1, 00:00:17, FastEthernet0/0 //其跳数值还是为1R3并没有将其跳数值递增1

     2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       2.2.2.2 [120/1] via 23.1.1.1, 00:00:01, FastEthernet1/0

     12.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       12.1.1.0 [120/1] via 23.1.1.1, 00:00:01, FastEthernet1/0

                  [120/1] via 13.1.1.1,00:00:17, FastEthernet0/0

 

R2上查看路由1.1.1.1/32的路由情况

R2#showip route rip  //RIP路由表

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S -static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

      D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

      N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

      E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

      i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

      ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

      o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

      + - replicated route, % - next hop override

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

     1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R        1.1.1.1[120/2] via 23.1.1.2, 00:00:28, FastEthernet0/0

//其跳数为2

     3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       3.3.3.3 [120/1] via 23.1.1.2, 00:00:28, FastEthernet0/0

     13.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       13.1.1.0 [120/1] via 23.1.1.2, 00:00:28, FastEthernet0/0

wKiom1S93N-zjSyfAAJEJY80j2A264.jpg

R2R3之间的接口抓包可知,R31.1.1.1/32通告给R2时,其将其度量值(跳数)加1之后,再传递给R2

R2#show ipv6 route rip //IPv6 RIP路由表

IPv6 Routing Table - default - 7 entries

Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static,U - Per-user Static route

      B - BGP, HA - Home Agent, MR - Mobile Router, R - RIP

      H - NHRP, I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea

      IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, NM - NEMO

      ND - ND Default, NDp - ND Prefix, DCE - Destination, NDr - Redirect

      O - OSPF Intra, OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2

      ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2, l - LISP

R  2001:A:A:13::/64 [120/2]

    via FE80::C803:35FF:FE30:1C, FastEthernet0/0

R   2011::1/128 [120/3]//R1的环回接口路由跳数为3

    via FE80::C803:35FF:FE30:1C, FastEthernet0/0

R  2033::3/128 [120/2]

    via FE80::C803:35FF:FE30:1C, FastEthernet0/0

wKiom1S93PHCM2t8AAK2rc4lg5o298.jpg

从抓包结果可以看出来,R32011::1/128路由通告给路由器R2时,其度量值为2,而在R2的路由表中查看为其度量值为3,证明路由器R2将其度量值(跳数)递增1

 

   总结:RIPng在传递一条起源路由(本路由器产生的)至邻居路由器时,其度量值为1,邻居路由器会将路由的度量值递增1,其实起源路由器将自已纳入到目的网络的跳数之内。而RIP是在路由起源的下一跳邻居路由器传递给他的邻居路由器时,才会将该路由的度量值递增1,而不把路由起源的路由器算在达到目的网络的跳数之内。这也是RIPng与RIP的最大不同之处。


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