Android开发学习笔记(5)：Notification和NotificationManager

Notification和NotificationManager操作相对比较简单，一般获取系统级的服务NotificationManager，然后实例化Notification，设置它的属性，通过NotificationManager发出通知就可以了。基本步骤如下：

1.获取NotificationManager

 String service = Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE;

NotificationManager mNotificationManager =(NotificationManager)getSystemService(service);

2.实例化Notification对象

//实例化Notification
Notification notification = new Notification();

3.设置Notification的属性

// 设置显示图标，该图标会在状态栏显示
int icon = notification.icon = R.drawable.happy;
// 设置显示提示信息，该信息也在状态栏显示
String tickerText = "测试Notification";
// 显示时间
long when = System.currentTimeMillis();  notification.icon = icon;
notification.tickerText = tickerText;
notification.when = when;

//也可以这样设置
Notification notification_2=new Notification(icon,tickerText,when)

调用setLatestEventInfo()方法在视图中设置图标和时间。

// 实例化Intent
Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MainActivity.class);
// 获得PendingIntent
PendingIntent pIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(MainActivity.this, 0, intent, 0);
// 设置事件信息
notification.setLatestEventInfo(MainActivity.this, " Title", "Content", pIntent);

4.发出通知

//Notification标示ID
private static final int ID = 1;
//发出通知
mNotificationManager.notify(ID, n);

   下面是具体的例子,在这个例子里定义了一个MainActivity发出广播通知，定义一个MyReceiver类继承Broadcasts接受通知，当接收完通知之后，启动一个SecondActivity，在SecondActivity类中通过Notification和NotificationManager来可视化显示广播通知。具体的步骤如下：

MainActivity.java

package com.android.notification;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    // 声明Button
    private Button btn;
    // 定义Broadcast Receiver action
    private static final String MY_ACTION = "com.android.notification.MY_ACTION";
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        // 设置当前布局视图
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        // 实例化Button
        btn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.Button1);
        // 添加事件监听器
        btn.setOnClickListener(listener);
    }
    // 创建事件监听器
    private OnClickListener listener = new OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            // 实例化Intent
            Intent intent = new Intent();
            // 设置Intent action属性
            intent.setAction(MY_ACTION);
            // 发起广播
            sendBroadcast(intent);
        }
    };
}

MyReceiver.java

package com.android.notification;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;

public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        // 实例化Intent
        Intent i = new Intent();
        // 在新的任务中启动Activity
        i.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
        // 设置Intent启动的组件名称
        i.setClass(context, SecondActivity.class);
        // 启动Activity显示通知
        context.startActivity(i);
    }
}

SecondActivity.java

package com.android.notification;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;

public class SecondActivity extends Activity {
    // 声明按钮
    private Button cancelBtn;
    // 声明Notification
    private Notification notification ;
    // 声明NotificationManager
    private NotificationManager mNotification;
    // Notification标示ID
    private static final int ID = 1;
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.second);
        // 实例化按钮
        cancelBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.cancelButton2);
        // 获得NotificationManager实例
        String service = NOTIFICATION_SERVICE;
        mNotification = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(service);

        // 实例化Notification
        notification = new Notification();
        // 设置显示图标，该图标会在状态栏显示
        int icon = notification.icon = android.R.drawable.stat_notify_chat;
        // 设置显示提示信息，该信息也会在状态栏显示
        String tickerText = "Test Notification";
        // 显示时间
        long when = System.currentTimeMillis();
        notification.icon = icon;
        notification.tickerText = tickerText;
        notification.when = when;

        // 实例化Intent
        Intent intent = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class);
        // 获得PendingIntent
        PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, intent, 0);
        // 设置事件信息
        notification.setLatestEventInfo(this, "消息", "Hello Android", pi);
        // 发出通知
        mNotification.notify(ID, notification);

        // 为按钮添加监听器
        cancelBtn.setOnClickListener(cancelListener);
    }

    // 取消通知监听器
     private OnClickListener cancelListener = new OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            // 取消通知
            mNotification.cancel(ID);
        }
    };
}

main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    >
    <Button
        android:text="发出广播通知"
        android:id="@+id/Button1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        />
</LinearLayout>

second.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    >
    <TextView
        android:text="显示通知界面"
        android:id="@+id/TextView1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        />
    <Button
        android:text="取消通知"
        android:id="@+id/cancelButton2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        />
</LinearLayout>

在AndroidManifest.xml文件中16~21加入对receiver，SecondActivity的声明

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
      package="com.android.notification"
      android:versionCode="1"
      android:versionName="1.0">
    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10" />

    <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity"
                  android:label="@string/app_name">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <receiver android:name="MyReceiver">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.android.notification.MY_ACTION"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
        <activity android:name="SecondActivity"/>
    </application>
</manifest>

效果图：

 Notification丰富的提示方式：

声音提醒

·使用默认声音

notification.defaults |= Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND;

·使用自定义声音

notification.sound = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/notification/ringer.mp3");

·注：如果定义了默认声音，那么自定义声音将被覆盖

振动提醒

·使用默认振动

notification.defaults |= Notification.DEFAULT_VIBRATE;

·使用自定义振动

long[] vibrate = {0,100,200,300};
notification.vibrate = vibrate;

·注：如果定义了默认振动，那么自定义振动将被覆盖

灯光闪烁提醒

·使用默认闪烁

notification.defaults |= Notification.DEFAULT_LIGHTS;

·使用自定义闪烁

notification.ledARGB = 0xff00ff00; // LED灯的颜色，绿灯
notification.ledOnMS = 300; // LED灯显示的毫秒数，300毫秒
notification.ledOffMS = 1000; // LED灯关闭的毫秒数，1000毫秒
notification.flags |= Notification.FLAG_SHOW_LIGHTS; // 必须加上这个标志