Samba和NFS自动挂载

 

Samba最先在Linux和Windows两个平台之间架起了一座桥梁哈，正是由于Samba的出现，我们可以在Linux系统和Windows系统之间互相通信，比如拷贝文件、实现不同操作系统之间的资源共享等等，我们可以将其架设成一个功能非常强大的文件服务器，也可以将其架设成打印服务器提供本地和远程联机打印，甚至我们可以使用samba Server完全取代NT/2K/2K3中的域控制器，做域管理工作，使用也非常方便

Samba使用的是smb协议Samba的安全级别分为1、share 匿名可以访问；2、user 需要身份验证，需要samba帐号库（本地用户）；3、server 通过其他服务器进行身份验证；4、domain 活动目录数据库【ads】 身份验证

Smb 服务器/客户端架构

Tcp udp 137 138 139 445端口

Smbd服务139 445端口tcp 资源共享【连接控制】

Nmbd服务 137 138端口udp 宣告资源

1.Samba自动挂载

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom

mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only

mount: /dev/cdrom already mounted or /mnt/cdrom busy

mount: according to mtab, /dev/hdc is already mounted on /mnt/cdrom

[root@localhost ~]# cd /mnt/cdrom/Server/

[root@localhost Server]# ll samba*

-r--r--r-- 86 root root 17012467 2009-07-23 samba-3.0.33-3.14.el5.i386.rpm

-r--r--r-- 86 root root 5930356 2009-07-23 samba-client-3.0.33-3.14.el5.i386.rpm

-r--r--r-- 99 root root 9094678 2009-07-23 samba-common-3.0.33-3.14.el5.i386.rpm

-r--r--r-- 86 root root 8628593 2009-07-23 samba-swat-3.0.33-3.14.el5.i386.rpm

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -qa |grep samba

samba-common-3.0.33-3.14.el5

samba-client-3.0.33-3.14.el5

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh sa

sabayon-2.12.4-6.el5.i386.rpm               samba-swat-3.0.33-3.14.el5.i386.rpm

sabayon-apply-2.12.4-6.el5.i386.rpm         sane-backends-1.0.18-5.el5.i386.rpm

samba-3.0.33-3.14.el5.i386.rpm              sane-backends-devel-1.0.18-5.el5.i386.rpm

samba-client-3.0.33-3.14.el5.i386.rpm       sane-backends-libs-1.0.18-5.el5.i386.rpm

samba-common-3.0.33-3.14.el5.i386.rpm       sane-frontends-1.0.14-1.2.2.i386.rpm

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh samba-3.0.33-3.14.el5.i386.rpm

error: Failed dependencies:

         perl(Convert::ASN1) is needed by samba-3.0.33-3.14.el5.i386

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh perl-Co

perl-Compress-Zlib-1.42-1.fc6.i386.rpm perl-Convert-ASN1-0.20-1.1.noarch.rpm

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh perl-Convert-ASN1-0.20-1.1.noarch.rpm

Preparing...                 ########################################### [100%]

   1:perl-Convert-ASN1      ########################################### [100%]

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh samba-3.0.33-3.14.el5.i386.rpm

Preparing...                 ########################################### [100%]

   1:samba                  ########################################### [100%]

[root@localhost Server]#

 

[root@localhost Server]# service smb start

启动 SMB 服务：                                             [确定]

启动 NMB 服务：                                             [确定]

[root@localhost Server]# netstat -tupln |grep smb

tcp         0      0 0.0.0.0:139                 0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      9207/smbd          

tcp         0      0 0.0.0.0:445                 0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      9207/smbd          

[root@localhost Server]# netstat -tupln |grep nmb

udp         0      0 192.168.20.20:137           0.0.0.0:*                               9210/nmbd          

udp         0      0 0.0.0.0:137                 0.0.0.0:*                               9210/nmbd          

udp         0      0 192.168.20.20:138           0.0.0.0:*                               9210/nmbd           

udp         0      0 0.0.0.0:138                 0.0.0.0:*                               9210/nmbd          

编辑smb配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf

[public]

        comment = this is a public dir

        path = /abc

        browseable = yes

        guest ok = yes

        writable = no

        printable = no

 

[smbzs]

        comment = this is a zhangsan share

        path = /zhangsan

        browseable = yes

        guest ok = no

        valid users = zhangsan

        writable = yes

        printable = no

 

[smbls]

        comment = this is a lisi share

        path = /lisi

        browseable = yes

        guest ok = no

        valid users = lisi

        writable = yes

        printable = no

建立相应目录

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /abc

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /zhangsan

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /lisi

 

[root@localhost ~]# useradd zhangsan

[root@localhost ~]# useradd lisi

 

[root@localhost ~]# chown zhangsan.zhangsan /zhangsan/

[root@localhost ~]# chown lisi.lisi /lisi/

 

[root@localhost ~]# cd /abc/

[root@localhost abc]# touch f1.public

[root@localhost abc]# cd /zhangsan/

[root@localhost zhangsan]# touch f1.zhangsan

[root@localhost zhangsan]# cd /lisi/

[root@localhost lisi]# touch f1.lisi

建立smb账号库

[root@localhost lisi]# smbpasswd -a lisi

New SMB password:

Retype new SMB password:

Added user lisi.

[root@localhost lisi]# smbpasswd -a zhangsan

New SMB password:

Retype new SMB password:

Added user zhangsan.

重新启动smb服务

[root@localhost lisi]# service smb restart

关闭 SMB 服务：                                             [确定]

关闭 NMB 服务：                                             [确定]

启动 SMB 服务：                                             [确定]

启动 NMB 服务：                                             [确定]

 

测试：

 linux客户端测试：

 [root@localhost ~]# smbclient //192.168.20.20/smbzs -U zhangsan

Password:

Domain=[LOCALHOST] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.0.33-3.14.el5]

smb: \> dir

 .                                    D        0 Mon Aug 20 00:45:38 2012

 ..                                   D        0 Mon Aug 20 00:27:53 2012

 f1.zhangsan                                   0 Mon Aug 20 00:32:09 2012

 111                                  D        0 Mon Aug 20 00:45:36 2012

  新建 文本文档.txt              A        0 Sun Sep 16 15:41:35 2012

 

                   38752 blocks of size 262144. 25762 blocks available

smb: \> !dir

01    abcd             b   d3            f1 inittab              install.log.syslog      nn   passwd qq3      useradd.sh

abc anaconda-ks.cfg d2 Desktop f3 install.log mbox              nxl qq2     test.sh

smb: \> dir

 .                                    D        0 Mon Aug 20 00:45:38 2012

 ..                                   D        0 Mon Aug 20 00:27:53 2012

 f1.zhangsan                                   0 Mon Aug 20 00:32:09 2012

 111                                  D        0 Mon Aug 20 00:45:36 2012

  新建 文本文档.txt              A        0 Sun Sep 16 15:41:35 2012

 

                   38752 blocks of size 262144. 25762 blocks available

smb: \> put install.log

putting file install.log as \install.log (637.2 kb/s) (average 637.2 kb/s)

smb: \> dir

 .                                    D        0 Mon Aug 20 00:59:16 2012

 ..                                   D        0 Mon Aug 20 00:27:53 2012

 f1.zhangsan                                   0 Mon Aug 20 00:32:09 2012

 111                                  D        0 Mon Aug 20 00:45:36 2012

  新建 文本文档.txt              A        0 Sun Sep 16 15:41:35 2012

 install.log                          A    35236 Mon Aug 20 00:59:17 2012

 

                   38752 blocks of size 262144. 25762 blocks available

smb: \> mget f1.zhangsan

Get file f1.zhangsan? y

getting file \f1.zhangsan of size 0 as f1.zhangsan (0.0 kb/s) (average 0.0 kb/s)

smb: \> !dir

01    abcd             b   d3            f1                 f3      install.log            mbox nxl        qq2     test.sh

abc anaconda-ks.cfg d2 Desktop f1.zhangsan    inittab install.log.syslog nn    passwd qq3          useradd.sh

smb: \>

 

挂载到本地

建立挂载点

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/smb

[root@localhost ~]# mount -t cifs //192.168.20.20/smbzs /mnt/smb -o username=zhangsan

Password:

查看

[root@localhost ~]# mount

/dev/sda2 on / type ext3 (rw)

proc on /proc type proc (rw)

sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)

devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)

/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)

tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)

none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)

sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)

/dev/hdc on /mnt/cdrom type iso9660 (ro)

//192.168.20.20/smbzs on /mnt/smb type cifs (rw,mand)

进入目录查看信息

[root@localhost ~]# cd /mnt/smb/

[root@localhost smb]# ll

总计 36

drwxr-xr-x 2 502 502      0 08-20 00:45 111

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root      0 08-20 00:32 f1.zhangsan

-rwxr--r-- 1 502 502 35236 08-20 00:59 install.log

-rwxr--r-- 1 502 502      0 2012-09-16 新建 文本文档.txt

 

开机自启动挂载

 

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab

//192.168.20.20/smbzs /mnt/smb       cifs    defaults,username=zhangsan%123   0 0

[root@localhost ~]# mount -a

[root@localhost ~]# mount

/dev/sda2 on / type ext3 (rw)

proc on /proc type proc (rw)

sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)

devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)

/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)

tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)

none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)

sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)

/dev/hdc on /mnt/cdrom type iso9660 (ro)

//192.168.20.20/smbzs on /mnt/smb type cifs (rw,mand)

 

2.NFS

 

NFS是Network File System的简写,即网络文件系统.网络文件系统是FreeBSD支持的文件系统中的一种，也被称为NFS. NFS允许一个系统在网络上与他人共享目录和文件。通过使用NFS，用户和程序可以像访问本地文件一样访问远端系统上的文件。

Nfs默认已经安装

启动nfs

[root@localhost ~]# service nfs start

启动 NFS 服务：                                             [确定]

关掉 NFS 配额：                                             [确定]

启动 NFS 守护进程：                                         [确定]

启动 NFS mountd：                                           [确定]

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig nfs on

建立共享文件目录

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /public

编辑共享清单

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/exports

/public 192.168.20.0/24(ro)

输出共享清单

 [root@localhost ~]# exportfs -rv

exporting 192.168.20.0/24:/public

客户端查看rpc进程

[root@localhost ~]# rpcinfo -p

   程序 版本 协议    端口

    100000    2   tcp    111 portmapper

    100000    2   udp    111 portmapper

    100024    1   udp    839 status

100024     1   tcp    842 status

查看访问权限

[root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.20.20

Export list for 192.168.20.20:

/public 192.168.20.0/24

建立挂载目录和挂载

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/nfs

[root@localhost ~]# mount 192.168.20.20:/public /mnt/nfs

查看

[root@localhost ~]# df -h

文件系统               容量   已用 可用 已用% 挂载点

/dev/sda2              9.5G 3.7G 5.4G 41% /

/dev/sda1              130M   12M 112M 10% /boot

tmpfs                  506M     0 506M   0% /dev/shm

/dev/hdc               2.8G 2.8G     0 100% /mnt/cdrom

//192.168.20.20/smbzs

                      9.5G 2.7G 6.3G 30% /mnt/smb

192.168.20.20:/public

                      9.5G 2.7G 6.3G 30% /mnt/nfs

 

开机自挂载设置

 

编辑fstab

[root@localhost nfs]# vim /etc/fstab

192.168.20.20:/public    /mnt/nfs                nfs     ro,soft,intr     0 0

挂载

[root@localhost ~]# mount –a

查看挂载信息

[root@localhost ~]# mount

/dev/sda2 on / type ext3 (rw)

proc on /proc type proc (rw)

sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)

devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)

/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)

tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)

none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)

sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)

/dev/hdc on /mnt/cdrom type iso9660 (ro)

192.168.20.20:/public on /mnt/nfs type nfs (ro,soft,intr,addr=192.168.20.20)

 

自动挂载

 

查看自动挂载服务已经安装

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa |grep auto

autofs-5.0.1-0.rc2.131.el5

编辑脚本

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/auto.master

/mnt/nfs /etc/auto.nfs          --timeout=30

产生/etc/auto.nfs文件

[root@localhost ~]# cp -p /etc/auto.misc /etc/auto.nfs

编辑auto.nfs

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/auto.nfs

server           -ro,soft,intr           192.168.20.20:/public

重启autofs

[root@localhost ~]# service autofs restart

停止 automount：                                            [确定]

启动 automount：                                            [确定]

进入挂载目录查看挂载信息

[root@localhost nfs]# cd server

[root@localhost server]# mount

/dev/sda2 on / type ext3 (rw)

proc on /proc type proc (rw)

sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)

devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)

/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)

tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)

none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)

sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)

/dev/hdc on /mnt/cdrom type iso9660 (ro)

192.168.20.20:/public on /mnt/nfs/server type nfs (ro,soft,intr,addr=192.168.20.20)

[root@localhost server]# mount

/dev/sda2 on / type ext3 (rw)

proc on /proc type proc (rw)

sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)

devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)

/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)

tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)

none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)

sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)

/dev/hdc on /mnt/cdrom type iso9660 (ro)

192.168.20.20:/public on /mnt/nfs/server type nfs (ro,soft,intr,addr=192.168.20.20)

30秒后将自动断开

[root@localhost ~]# mount

/dev/sda2 on / type ext3 (rw)

proc on /proc type proc (rw)

sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)

devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)

/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)

tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)

none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)

sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)

/dev/hdc on /mnt/cdrom type iso9660 (ro)