用route-map筛选路由更新进而过滤路由

一、拓扑图:
 
 
二、在上一个实验当中,我们用了distribute来筛选路由更新,那么这次我们用route-map来做一下,前期工作还是一样,配置各接口的IP和协议,并且在R2上做重分发,为了让R1R3学到明细路由我们要在R2关闭RIP的自动汇总
 
三、针对OSPF区域的配置步骤:
1 、配置完IP和协议之后,先来看一下R1的路由表:
R1#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     172.168.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
C       172.168.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C       172.168.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C       172.168.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C       172.168.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       172.16.255.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
O E2 192.168.255.0/24 [110/200] via 172.16.255.2, 00:00:16, Serial1/1
O E2 192.168.0.0/24 [110/200] via 172.16.255.2, 00:00:16, Serial1/1
O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/200] via 172.16.255.2, 00:00:16, Serial1/1
O E2 192.168.2.0/24 [110/200] via 172.16.255.2, 00:00:16, Serial1/1
O E2 192.168.3.0/24 [110/200] via 172.16.255.2, 00:00:16, Serial1/1   ( 没做过滤之前学到了5O E2 型路由)
2 、再来看一下R3的路由表:
R3#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     172.168.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks
R       172.168.1.0/24 [120/10] via 192.168.255.2, 00:00:24, Serial1/0
R       172.168.0.1/32 [120/10] via 192.168.255.2, 00:00:24, Serial1/0
R       172.168.2.0/24 [120/10] via 192.168.255.2, 00:00:24, Serial1/0
R       172.168.3.0/24 [120/10] via 192.168.255.2, 00:00:24, Serial1/0
     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R       172.16.255.0 [120/10] via 192.168.255.2, 00:00:24, Serial1/0     ( 没做过滤之前学到了5R型路由)   
C    192.168.255.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C    192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
3 、那么我在R2做上针对rip重分发到ospf区域的访问控制列表,并且在route-map上调用,然后再引用route-map对重分发的路由进行过滤。
R2(config)#access-list 1 deny 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
R2(config)#access-list 1 deny 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
R2(config)#access-list 1 permit any
R2(config)#route-map rip-ospf permit 1 ( 建立ripospf 区域的route-map)
R2(config-route-map)#match ip address 1( 匹配访问控制列表1)
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#redistribute rip route-map rip-ospf metric 200 subnets( 引用route-map对重分发的路由进行过滤)
4 、现在再看一下R1上的路由表:
R1#sho ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     172.168.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
C       172.168.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C       172.168.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C       172.168.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C       172.168.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       172.16.255.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
O E2 192.168.255.0/24 [110/200] via 172.16.255.2, 00:00:11, Serial1/1
O E2 192.168.0.0/24 [110/200] via 172.16.255.2, 00:00:10, Serial1/1
O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/200] via 172.16.255.2, 00:00:10, Serial1/1 ( 现在只学到了3)
四、针对OSPF区域的配置步骤
1 、上一个步骤已经看到了R3的路由表,全部路由都学到了,那么我现在还是要在R2上建立access-list,并在route-map上调用,然后再引用route-map对重分发的路由进行过滤。
R2(config)#access-list 2 deny 172.168.0.0 0.0.0.255
R2(config)#access-list 2 deny 172.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
R2(config)#access-list 2 permit any
R2(config)#route-map ospf-rip permit 2 ( 建立ospfrip 区域的route-map)
R2(config-route-map)#match ip address 2( 匹配访问控制列表2)
R2(config)#router rip
R2(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 route-map ospf-rip metric 10 ( 引用route-map对重分发的路由进行过滤)
2 、再来看一下R3的路由表:
R3#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     172.168.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
R       172.168.2.0 [120/10] via 192.168.255.2, 00:00:11, Serial1/0
R       172.168.3.0 [120/10] via 192.168.255.2, 00:00:11, Serial1/0
     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R       172.16.255.0 [120/10] via 192.168.255.2, 00:00:11, Serial1/0   ( 只学到了三条)
C    192.168.255.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C    192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
3 、呵呵,现在变成只能学到三条RIP那边过来的路由,开始我很郁闷啊,这一步我一直clear ip route * ,但是却一直还是5R,检查配置实在找不出原因,想想,我后来只有把配置导出来,然后重启模拟器,再把配置导进去。后来就只能学到这三条了,果然真是模拟器的原因。纠结啊。现在我们用route-map也能达到目的,或者用distribute-list 对路由更新筛选目的。不过用distribute-list步骤要少一点。不过没关系。多一个方法,多一条路。现实生活和工作中何尝不是呢?懂比不懂要好。

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