linux环境下获得U盘拔插的信息

获得U盘的插入或者拔取得信息的传统方法是在内核级运行hotplug程序，相关参数通过环境变量传递过来，再由hotplug通知其他关注hotplug的应用程序。这样的做法效率有些低，现在通过一种特殊类型的socket netlink实现获取U盘拔插的信息。netlink专门用于内核空间和用户空间的异步通信。

下面的例子可以监听内核的hotplug事件，源代码如下：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include <errno.h>
 
#define UEVENT_BUFFER_SIZE      2048

static int init_hotplug_sock(void);

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
         int hotplug_sock = init_hotplug_sock();
         while(1){
                   char buf[UEVENT_BUFFER_SIZE*2] = {0};
                   recv(hotplug_sock, &buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
                   printf("%s\n", buf);

         }
         return 0;
}

static int init_hotplug_sock(void)
{
    struct sockaddr_nl snl;
    const int buffersize = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
    int retval;

    memset(&snl, 0x00, sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl));
    snl.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
    snl.nl_pid = getpid();
    snl.nl_groups = 1;
    int hotplug_sock = socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_DGRAM, NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT);

    if (hotplug_sock == -1) {
        printf("error getting socket: %s", strerror(errno));
        return -1;
    }

    /* set receive buffersize */
    setsockopt(hotplug_sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &buffersize, sizeof(buffersize));
    retval = bind(hotplug_sock, (struct sockaddr *) &snl, sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl));

    if (retval < 0) {
        printf("bind failed: %s", strerror(errno));
        close(hotplug_sock);
        hotplug_sock = -1;
        return -1;
    }

    return hotplug_sock;
}

root权限运行的结果如下图：