利用tcmalloc优化mysql主从
实现环境：mysql 5.5.27,cenot 6.2 64bit，centos 最小化安装。软件cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz，
libunwind-1.0.tar.gz ，gperftools-2.0.tar.gz 。
一，主服务器IP:192.168.1.15,从服务器IP:192.168.1.16。先配置主服务器，安装好系统后需要安装开发环境：yum -y groupinstall 'Development tools' ,centos 6.0的系统只需安装Development tools。
二，安装libunwind和gperftools。
安装libunwind库。
# tar xf libunwind-1.0.tar.gz
# tar xf libunwind-1.0
#CFLAGS=-fPIC ./configure添加编译参数
# make CFLAGS=-fPIC
# make CFLAGS=-fPIC install
这样执行会出现如下错误：
libtool: install: error: relink `libunwind-setjmp.la' with the above command before installing it
make[3]: *** [install-libLTLIBRARIES] Error 1
make[3]: Leaving directory `/down/libunwind-1.0/src'
make[2]: *** [install-am] Error 2
make[2]: Leaving directory `/down/libunwind-1.0/src'
make[1]: *** [install] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/down/libunwind-1.0/src'
make: *** [install-recursive] Error 1
产生这种问题的原因：autotools兼容性的问题，运行命令autoreconf -i -f ，在重新编译安装下。
#autoreconf -i -f
#make clean
#CFLAGS=-fPIC ./configure
#make CFLAGS=-fPIC
#make CFLAGS=-fPIC install
安装gpperftools：
#tar xf gperftools-2.0.tar.gz
# cd gperftools-2.0
#./configure
#make && make install
这样安装会会报如下错误：
cc1plus: warning: unrecognized command line option "-Wno-unused-result"
ake: *** [stacktrace.lo] Error 1
为什么出现在这种错误，因此是64bit系统，至于更深度的解释，安装说明中有。下面重新编译。
#make clean
#./configure --enable-frame-pointers
#make && make install
#echo "/usr/local/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/usr_local_lib.conf
#ldconfig
三，安装cmake与mysql
安装cmake
#tar xf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
#cd cmake-2.8.8
# ./bootstrap
# gmake && gmake install
安装mysql
#useradd -r mysql -s /sbin/nologin
#mkdir -p /data/mysql/{data,binlog,relaylog}
#chown mysql:mysql -R /data/mysql
# tar xf mysql-5.5.27.tar.gz
#cd mysql-5.5.27
#cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/data -DWITH_DEBUG=0-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
#会编译不过去，提示需要安装ncurses-devel,yum -y install ncurses-devel
#rm -f CMakeCache.txe 重新执行./configure
# make && make install
#cd /usr/local/mysql
#chown -R mysql:mysql *
# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
#chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
#chkconfig mysqld on
# vim /etc/profile 添加PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
# . /etc/profile(或者export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin)
# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/include/mysql
# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf 加载库文件
# ldconfig -v |grep mysql
# vim /etc/man.config 添加一行MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man
#sed -i '/# executing mysqld_safe/a\export LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libtcmalloc.so' /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
环境已经基本Ok
# cd /usr/local/mysql
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql--datadir=/data/mysql
将主服务器克隆一份，并修改IP与MAC地址，保证两台机器能够互相ping通。
三，下面是master的配置文件：
[client]
default-character-set = utf8
port=3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
port=3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql/data
pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid
log-error = /data/mysql/mysql-error.log
log_slave_update =1
log-bin = /data/mysql/binlog/mysql-bin
log-bin-index = /data/mysql/binlog/mysql-bin.index
binlog_format = mixed
binlog_cache_size = 4M
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 1G
expire_logs_days = 30
key_buffer_size = 384M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size =16M
join_buffer_size =2M
thread_cache_size = 300
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit =2K
thread_concurrency = 8
table_cache =614
table_open_cache = 512
open_files_limit = 10240
back_log = 600
max_connections = 5000
max_connect_errors = 6000
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet =16M
default_storage_engine = MyISAM
#default_storage_engine = InnoDB
thread_stack =192K
transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
tmp_table_size = 256M
max_heap_table_size =512M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
long_query_time = 2
skip-name-resolve
skip-external_locking
#skip-innodb
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit =2
innodb_log_file_size =128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout =120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
interactive_timeout=120
wait_timeout=120
slave-skip-errors=1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
server-id=1
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 64M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
slave的配置信息：
#vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
default-character-set = utf8
port=3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
port=3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql/data
pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid
log-error = /data/mysql/mysql-error.log
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
replicate-ignore-db=test
replicate-ignore-db=information_schema
log_slave_update =1
log-bin = /data/mysql/binlog/mysql-bin
log-bin-index = /data/mysql/binlog/mysql-bin.index
binlog_format = mixed
binlog_cache_size = 4M
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 1G
expire_logs_days = 30
relay-log-index=/data/mysql/relaylog/relay.index
relay-log-info-file=/data/mysql/relaylog/relay.info
relay-log=/data/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
key_buffer_size = 384M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size =16M
join_buffer_size =2M
thread_cache_size = 300
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit =2K
thread_concurrency = 8
table_cache =614
table_open_cache = 512
open_files_limit = 10240
back_log = 600
max_connections = 5000
max_connect_errors = 6000
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet =16M
default_storage_engine = MyISAM
#default_storage_engine = InnoDB
thread_stack =192K
transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
tmp_table_size = 256M
max_heap_table_size =512M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
long_query_time = 2
slow_query_log =on
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/slow.log
skip-name-resolve
skip-external_locking
#skip-innodb
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit =2
innodb_log_file_size =128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout =120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
interactive_timeout=120
wait_timeout=120
slave-skip-errors=1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
server-id=2
read-only=1
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 64M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
到此可以分别对两台服务器进行初始化：分别执行
#cd /usr/local/mysql
#scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql--datadir=/data/mysql/data
#/etc/init.d/mysqld start
如果启动出现错误在mysql-error.log中出现：
Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.host' doesn't exist
解决步骤：
#cd /data/mysql
#rm -rf *
#mkdir {data,binlog,relaylog}
#chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
#cd /usr/local/mysql
#scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql--datadir=/data/mysql/data
#/etc/init.d/mysqld start
导致这种问题的产生是因为数据目录不一到导致的。
四，在主服务器上添加复制用户：
mysql>grant replication slave on *.* to 'rpuser'@'192.168.1.16' identified by '123456';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
mysql> show master status;这一步显示的信息对我没用，因为我的主服务器已经运行一段时间。但是数据量又不是大。
+------------------+----------+-------------------------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+-------------------------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000005 | 102020 | billing,birdtalk,imsi,meeting | |mysql> unlock tables;
五，在从服务器上先测试刚创建的用户能否登录。
#mysql -urpuser -p -h192.168.1.15 能正常登录，则继续下一下。
mysql> slave stop;
mysql>change master to
->master_host='192.168.1.15',
->master_user='rpuser',
->master_password='123456',
->master_log_file='mysql-bin.000005',
->master_log_pos=102020;
mysql>start slave;
mysql>show slave status\G;
mysql>show databases;过几分钟执行
泥玛，四个数据库既然没有同步过来。速度不指定复制位置，
mysql>slave stop;
mysql>change master tomaster_host='192.168.1.15',master_user='rpuser',master_password=123456;
mysql>start slave;
mysql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Queueing master event to the relay log
Master_Host: 192.168.1.15
Master_User: rpuser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 160393581
Relay_Log_File: relaylog.000005
Relay_Log_Pos: 32226033
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes 这个两个线程正常启动，表示从服务器成功。
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql,test,information_schema
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 32225887
Relay_Log_Space: 186392166
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 737685
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
ERROR 1201 (HY000) at line 22: Could not initialize master info structure; more error messages can be found in the MySQL error log。
如果出现这个错误，则需要检查配置文件中的日志的路径是否正确，如是不正确会导致这个问题的发生，
#/etc/init.d/mysqld stop
#vim /etc/my.cnf
#cd /data/mysql/data
#rm -f master.info
#/etc/init.d/mysqld start
#mysql> stop slave;
#mysql>change master to master_host='192.168.1.15',master_user='rpuser',master_password='123456';