cacti-0.8.8a那点儿事

cacti简介
    Cacti是基于PHP/MySQL的开源网络监控及绘图工具，它通过SNMP获取数据并使用RRDTool予以存储，然后在需要时利用RRDTool绘图引擎绘图并通过php展示。
   Cacti的操作流程很简单：获取数据-->存储数据-->展示数据。Cacti通过poller获取数据。poller是一个通过调度的方式每隔一段时间(通常为5分钟)执行的程序，它通常通过SNMP来获取远程主机上的数据。

cacti的安装及配置
本文档中的平台是RHEL5.8用到的程序为：
cacti-0.8.8a (安装路径：/web/vhosts/cacti)
httpd-2.4.2 (安装路径：/usr/local/apache)
php-5.4.4 (安装路径：/usr/local/php)
MySQL-5.5.25a (安装路径：/usr/local/mysql)
rrdtool-1.4.7.tar.gz(安装路径：/usr/local/rrdtool)

一、 编译安装lamp平台

（这里不再给出详细步骤，若没有lamp平台以下是一个脚本，执行即可；若已经安装了则跳过此步骤，从“二” 开始即可）
准备工作：
    1、若想支持mcrypt扩展，下载libmcrypt-2.5.7-5.el5.i386.rpm  libmcrypt-devel-2.5.7- 5.el5.i386.rpm 并安装 rpm -ivh libmcrypt-*  
    2、提供了一个httpd服务的脚本，如下，放到/root目录下，命名为httpd.sh
注意：要求php在configure时指定了--enable-sockets选项，否则,cacti将无法运行。

#!/bin/bash
#
# httpd        Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server.  It is used to serve \
#          HTML files and CGI.
# processname: httpd
# config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd
# pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then
        . /etc/sysconfig/httpd
fi

# Start httpd in the C locale by default.
HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}

# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if
# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.
INITLOG_ARGS=""

# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server
# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not
# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.

# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.
apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
RETVAL=0

start() {
        echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
        LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
        return $RETVAL
}

stop() {
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpd
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
}
reload() {
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
        RETVAL=$?
        echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"
        failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"
    else
        killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP
        RETVAL=$?
    fi
    echo
}

# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
  start)
    start
    ;;
  stop)
    stop
    ;;
  status)
        status -p ${pidfile} $httpd
    RETVAL=$?
    ;;
  restart)
    stop
    start
    ;;
  condrestart)
    if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; then
        stop
        start
    fi
    ;;
  reload)
        reload
    ;;
  graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
    $apachectl $@
    RETVAL=$?
    ;;
  *)
    echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"
    exit 1
esac

exit $RETVAL

接下来就可以执行脚本了

#!/bin/bash
#
<<mark
prepare the source packages
apr-1.4.6.tar.bz2
apr-util-1.4.1.tar.bz2
httpd-2.4.2.tar.bz2
cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
mysql-5.5.25a.tar.gz
libmcrypt-2.5.7-5.el5.i386.rpm
libmcrypt-devel-2.5.7-5.el5.i386.rpm
php-5.4.4
mark
################compileing httpd######################
#yum -y groupinstall "Development Libraries" "Development Tools" "X Software Development"
#setenforce 0
#mkdir /source
SOURCE=/source
SysDir=/etc/rc.d/init.d
PathDir=/etc/profile

cd $SOURCE
wget http://apache.etoak.com//apr/apr-1.4.6.tar.bz2
wget http://apache.etoak.com//apr/apr-util-1.4.1.tar.bz2
wget http://apache.etoak.com//httpd/httpd-2.4.2.tar.bz2
wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
wget http://anduin.linuxfromscratch.org/sources/BLFS/svn/m/mysql-5.5.25a.tar.gz
wget http://downloads.php.net/stas/php-5.4.4.tar.bz2

tar xf apr-1.4.6.tar.bz2
cd apr-1.4.6
./buildconf
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
make
make install

cd $SOURCE
tar xf apr-util-1.4.1.tar.bz2
cd apr-util-1.4.1
./buildconf --with-apr=$SOURCE/apr-1.4.6
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
make
make install

cd $SOURCE
yum -y install pcre-devel
tar xf httpd-2.4.2.tar.bz2
cd httpd-2.4.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so --enable-suexec --enable-ssl --enable-rewrite --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-modules=most --enable-modules-shared=most --enable-mpms-shared=all
make
make install

cd $SOURCE
echo "PidFile  \"/var/run/httpd.pid\" " >> /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
cp /root/httpd.sh   $SysDir/httpd
chmod +x $SysDir/httpd
chkconfig --add httpd
service httpd start
echo "PATH=\$PATH:/usr/local/apache/bin" >> $PathDir
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/apache/bin
echo "MANPATH  /usr/local/apache/man " >> /etc/man.config
ln -sv /usr/local/apache/include /usr/include/httpd
service httpd start

#########################compileing mysql###################################
cd $SOURCE
tar xf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
cd cmake-2.8.8
./bootstrap
make
make install

cd $SOURCE
groupadd -r mysql
useradd -g mysql -r -d /data/mysql mysql
tar xf mysql-5.5.25a.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.25a
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1  -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_ZLIB=system -DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DENABLE_PROFILING=1
make
make install

cd /usr/local/mysql
chown -R :mysql .
mkdir -pv /data/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server $SysDir/mysqld
chmod +x $SysDir/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
sed -i '/\[mysqld\]/a \datadir = /data/mysql' /etc/my.cnf
sed -i 's/thread_concurrency = 8/thread_concurrency = 2/g' /etc/my.cnf
echo "PATH=\$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> $PathDir
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
echo "MATHPATH /usr/local/mysql/man" >> /etc/man.config
ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
echo " /usr/local/mysql/lib " >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
ldconfig
service  mysqld start
cd
##########################compiling php#########################
cd $SOURCE
tar xf  php-5.4.4.tar.bz2
cd  php-5.4.4
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-openssl --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml  --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs --with-mcrypt  --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2 --enable-sockets
cd $SOURCE
make
make install
cd $SOURCE
cp php-5.4.4/php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
echo "AddType application/x-httpd-php  .php " >> /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
echo "AddType application/x-httpd-php-source  .phps" >> /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
sed -i 's/DirectoryIndex index.html/DirectoryIndex index.php index.html/g' /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
service httpd restart
cd
echo "The End!"

 OK，此时lamp平台架构好了

二、 安装配置cacti

1、cacti虚拟主机
在LAMP平台上，专门为cacti准备了一个虚拟主机cacti.magedu.com，其配置如下：

#vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
启用虚拟主机
# vim /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf  //把原有的虚拟主机注释掉
添加内容如下：
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName cacti.forman.com
    DocumentRoot /web/vhosts/cacti
    <Directory "/web/vhosts/cacti">
        Options Indexes
        AllowOverride none
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
    ErrorLog "logs/cacti-error_log"
    CustomLog "logs/cacti-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
#mkdir /web/vhosts/cacti -pv

2、net-snmp

2.1 安装
由于本机即是监控端(NMS)，又是被监控端，因此我们这里直接通过yum安装net-snmp和net-snmp-utils

# yum -y install net-snmp net-snmp-utils

2.2启动服务

# service snmpd start
# chkconfig snmpd on

使用如下命令进行测试：
# snmpwalk -v 2c -c public localhost system

如果有正常监控信息输出即为OK。

3、安装rrdtool

#pwd
/source
#wget http://oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/pub/rrdtool-1.4.7.tar.gz
# tar xf rrdtool-1.4.7.tar.gz
# cd rrdtool-1.4.7
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/rrdtool
# make
# make install
#echo "MANPATH  /usr/local/rrdtool/share/man" >> /etc/man.config
#echo "PATH=\$PATH:/usr/local/rrdtool/bin " >> /etc/profile
#export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/rrdtool/bin
#ln -sv /usr/local/rrdtool/include /usr/include/rrdtool
#echo "/usr/local/rrdtool/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/rrdtool.conf
#ldconfig
#cd

4、安装cacti
4.1 安装

#pwd
/source
#wget http://www.cacti.net/downloads/cacti-0.8.8a.tar.gz
# tar xf cacti-0.8.8a.tar.gz -C /web/vhosts
# cd cacti-0.8.8a
# mv ./* /web/vhosts/cacti

4.2 初始配置：
为cacti创建数据库，并初始化所需要表：

# mysqladmin -uroot -p create cacti //此时的密码为mysql的密码
# cd /web/vhosts/cacti
# mysql -uroot -p cacti < cacti.sql

创建mysql用户，使用cacti能访问其cacti数据库

# mysql -uroot -p -e "GRANT ALL ON cacti.* TO cactiuser@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'cactiuser'";
//创建了用户cactiuser 密码也为cactiuser
# mysqladmin -uroot -p flush-privileges
# mysql -ucactiuser -p          //验证一下是否正确
 cactiuser

接着创建系统用户cactiuser，以之运行cacti的数据获取和日志记录等工作

# useradd cactiuser
# chown -R cactiuser:cactiuser /web/vhosts/cacti/{log,rra}

以cactiuser用户的身份，每5钟获取一次数据：

# echo '*/5 * * * *  /usr/local/php/bin/php /web/vhosts/cacti/poller.php &> /dev/null' > /var/spool/cron/cactiuser

php的时区不一致，把php配置文件/etc/php.ini中的时区改为如下格式：
 

#vim /etc/php.ini
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
# hwclock -s    //同步系统时间
# service httpd restart

       
编辑cacti的配置文件include/config.php，将实际访问cacti的URL路径，启用并修改如下行：
//$url_path = "/cacti/";
我们这里将之修改为：
$url_path = "/";

在外面的物理机的hosts文件中添加：

X .X.X.X cacti.forman.com        //实现域名的访问

而后在浏览器中打开http://cacti.forman.com/install，按提示一步步配置即可完成安装。
密码第一次输入的时候，会让修改密码，用户默认为admin 密码为admin
提示图片如下：

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 第一次登陆的时候，会提示修改密码，如下图

 

 重新登陆即可
device--->Localhost ---->version2 --->save即可 点击graphs可看到生成的图像，如下所示：

 

到这里，cacti的基本工作做完了，后面的工作就是根据自己的需要进行配置了。本文不足之处期待指正