Linux+Nginx+MariaDB+php实现LEMP环境
目录
1、系统环境
2、CA证书服务器配置
3、nginx环境部署
4、MariaDB部署
5、php部署及与nginx整合
6、phpmyadmin部署
7、discuz论坛部署测试
8、验证nginx的status功能
9、总结
1、系统环境
1.1、基本环境：
[root@LEMP ~]# ifconfig | grep Bcast inet addr:192.168.0.200 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 [root@LEMP ~]# cat /etc/issue CentOS release 6.4 (Final) Kernel \r on an \m [root@LEMP ~]# uname -r 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 [root@LEMP ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux SELINUX=disabled #关闭 [root@LEMP ~]# setenforce 0
1.2、系统防火墙设置：
[root@LEMP scripts]# pwd /root/scripts [root@LEMP scripts]# vim iptables.sh #!/bin/bash /sbin/iptables -F /sbin/iptables -X /sbin/iptables -Z /sbin/iptables -P INPUT DROP /sbin/iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT ### /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 2222 -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i eth+ -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT #deny DDOS /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -m limit --limit 6/min --limit-burst 2 -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable ### /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p TCP -i eth0 --dport 80 -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p TCP -i eth0 --dport 443 -j ACCEPT [root@LEMP scripts]# chmod +x iptables.sh [root@LEMP scripts]# ./iptables.sh [root@LEMP scripts]# vim /etc/rc.local /root/scripts/iptables.sh #新增加此行
1.3、windows测试客户端hosts配置
确保本地hosts文件中有以下信息,
192.168.0.200 phpmyadmin.com
192.168.0.200 status.zhaochj.com
192.168.0.200 bbs.zhaochj.com
2、CA证书服务器配置
2.1、以CA服务器角色生成私钥文件：
[root@LEMP CA]# pwd /etc/pki/CA [root@LEMP CA]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048) Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus ...........................................................................................+++ .............+++ e is 65537 (0x10001) 2.2、利用私钥文件自签后生成证书文件： [root@LEMP CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 365 You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN State or Province Name (full name) []:ChongQing Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:YuBei Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:Learing Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Tech Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ca.zhaochj.com Email Address []:[email protected] [root@LEMP CA]# touch index.txt serial [root@LEMP CA]# echo 01 > serial
3、nginx环境部署
3.1、处理依赖关系及建立运行nginx的用户
[root@LEMP ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel #如果系统没有此开发包则要先安装 [root@LEMP ~]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -M nginx
3.2、nginx源码编译安装
[root@LEMP software]# pwd /root/software [root@LEMP software]# ls nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz [root@LEMP software]# tar xf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz [root@LEMP software]# cd nginx-1.6.2 [root@LEMP software]# ./configure \ --prefix=/opt/lemp/nginx16 \ --sbin-path=/opt/lemp/nginx16/sbin/nginx \ --conf-path=/etc/nginx16/nginx.conf \ --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx16/error.log \ --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx16/access.log \ --pid-path=/var/run/nginx16.pid \ --lock-path=/var/lock/subsys/nginx16 \ --user=nginx \ --group=nginx \ --with-file-aio \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_flv_module \ --with-http_mp4_module \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module \ --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx16/client \ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx16/proxy \ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx16/fastcgi \ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx16/uwsgi \ --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx16/scgi \ --with-pcre [root@LEMP nginx-1.6.2]# make && make install
3.3、nginx启动脚本
[root@LEMP nginx-1.6.2]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx16
#!/bin/bash
##
#nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx16/nginx.conf
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx16.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/opt/lemp/nginx16/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
nginx_config_file="/etc/nginx16/nginx.conf"
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx16
make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
for opt in $options; do
if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
# echo "creating" $value
mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
fi
fi
done
}
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $nginx_config_file ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $nginx_config_file
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $nginx_config_file
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
[root@LEMP nginx-1.6.2]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx16
[root@LEMP nginx-1.6.2]# service nginx16 start
Starting nginx: [ OK ]
[root@LEMP nginx-1.6.2]# chkconfig --add nginx16
[root@LEMP nginx-1.6.2]# chkconfig nginx16 on
[root@LEMP nginx-1.6.2]# ps aux | grep nginx
3.4、nginx二进制文件导出：
[root@LEMP nginx-1.6.2]# vim /etc/profile.d/nginx16.sh export PATH=$PATH:/opt/lemp/nginx16/sbin [root@LEMP nginx-1.6.2]# source /etc/profile.d/nginx16.sh [root@LEMP nginx-1.6.2]# echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/opt/lemp/nginx16/sbin
3.5、准备各站点目录及配置虚拟主机
3.5.1、准备站点数据目录：
[root@LEMP ssl]# mkdir /web/bbs -pv [root@LEMP ssl]# mkdir /web/phpmyadmin [root@LEMP ssl]# ls /web/ bbs phpmyadmin
3.5.2、为nginx状态输出站点及phpmyadmin站点生成证书
[root@LEMP nginx16]# pwd /etc/nginx16 [root@LEMP nginx16]# mkdir ssl #建立这个目录来存放私钥及签署后的证书文件 [root@LEMP nginx16]# cd ssl
3.5.2.1、nginx状态信息输出站点证书生成
[root@LEMP ssl]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out status.pem 1024) #生成私钥文件 Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus .......++++++ .++++++ e is 65537 (0x10001) [root@LEMP ssl]# openssl req -new -key status.pem -out status.csr #生成证书签署请求 You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN State or Province Name (full name) []:ChongQing Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:YuBei Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:Learing Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Tech Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:status.zhaochj.com Email Address []:[email protected] Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: [root@LEMP ssl]# openssl ca -in status.csr -out status.crt -days 365 #自己就是CA服务器，自己签署证书请求生成status站点的证书文件 Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok Certificate Details: Serial Number: 1 (0x1) Validity Not Before: Feb 24 09:36:01 2015 GMT Not After : Feb 24 09:36:01 2016 GMT Subject: countryName = CN stateOrProvinceName = ChongQing organizationName = Learing organizationalUnitName = Tech commonName = status.zhaochj.com emailAddress = [email protected] X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:FALSE Netscape Comment: OpenSSL Generated Certificate X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 7F:DA:32:BC:76:8E:08:36:B2:E5:B6:2B:76:2E:B5:39:DE:A1:DB:E7 X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: keyid:21:79:B1:87:F4:DF:F4:A2:3B:7B:1D:E2:30:D6:F7:E1:AE:4E:E1:AD Certificate is to be certified until Feb 24 09:36:01 2016 GMT (365 days) Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y 1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y Write out database with 1 new entries Data Base Updated
3.5.2.2、phpmyadmin站点证书生成
[root@LEMP ssl]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out phpmyadmin.pem 1024) #生成私钥文件 Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus .....................................................++++++ ..........++++++ e is 65537 (0x10001) [root@LEMP ssl]# openssl req -new -key phpmyadmin.pem -out phpmyadmin.csr #生成证书签署请求 You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN State or Province Name (full name) []:ChongQing Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:YuBei Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:Learing Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Tech Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:phpmyadmin.com Email Address []:[email protected] Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: [root@LEMP ssl]# openssl ca -in phpmyadmin.csr -out phpmyadmin.crt -days 365 #自己就是CA服务器，自己签署证书请求生成status站点的证书文件 Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok Certificate Details: Serial Number: 2 (0x2) Validity Not Before: Feb 24 12:18:33 2015 GMT Not After : Feb 24 12:18:33 2016 GMT Subject: countryName = CN stateOrProvinceName = ChongQing organizationName = Learing organizationalUnitName = Tech commonName = phpmyadmin.com emailAddress = [email protected] X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:FALSE Netscape Comment: OpenSSL Generated Certificate X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: DE:BF:6F:4B:CB:2D:AD:FC:6E:A4:82:34:86:CA:9F:4D:A5:D3:15:6C X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: keyid:21:79:B1:87:F4:DF:F4:A2:3B:7B:1D:E2:30:D6:F7:E1:AE:4E:E1:AD Certificate is to be certified until Feb 24 12:18:33 2016 GMT (365 days) Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y 1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y Write out database with 1 new entries Data Base Updated [root@LEMP ssl]# ls phpmyadmin.crt phpmyadmin.csr phpmyadmin.pem status.crt status.csr status.pem
3.6、一些其他工作
[root@LEMP bbs]# pwd /web/bbs [root@LEMP bbs]# mkdir ErrorPage [root@LEMP bbs]# echo "No such file." > ErrorPage/404.html #创建当出现404错误时返回的自定义信息 [root@LEMP nginx16]# yum -y install httpd-tools #利用htpasswd功能 [root@LEMP bbs]# htpasswd -c -m /etc/nginx16/htpasswd tom #增加访问status状态的用户 [root@LEMP bbs]# mkdir /var/log/nginx16/zhaochj.com #创建"bbs.zhaochj.com"虚拟主机日志存放目录 [root@LEMP bbs]# mkdir /var/log/nginx16/phpmyadmin.com #创建"phpmyadmin.com"虚拟主机日志存放目录
3.7、nginx.conf文件配置
文件内容较多，此处不给出，在后边与php整合后一并给出。但对这个配置文件的结构作一个简单的说明，配置文件的结构大致如下：
main #全局段，定义工作进程数量，cpu亲缘性，PID路径，日志文件路径等特性
……
events { #直属main段，此上下文是配置影响连接处理指令的
worker_connections 1024;
}
http { #http段，直属main段，是设定http服务器工作特性的，所有的server段都包含在http中
server { #http中可有多个server段，一个server段对应一个虚拟主机
location / { #一个server段中可有多个location
}
}
server {
location / {
}
}
}
4、MariaDB部署
[root@LEMP software]# mkdir /mydata/dbdata -pv #准备数据库数据存放目录，建议把此目录放LVM卷上 [root@LEMP software]# chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/dbdata [root@LEMP software]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql [root@LEMP mysql]# yum -y install libaio #安装依赖包，否则初始化不成功 [root@LEMP software]# tar xf mariadb-5.5.42-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /opt/lemp/ [root@LEMP software]# cd /opt/lemp/ [root@LEMP lemp]# ln -sv mariadb-5.5.42-linux-x86_64 mysql `mysql' -> `mariadb-5.5.42-linux-x86_64' [root@LEMP mysql]# cd mysql/ [root@LEMP mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql . [root@LEMP mysql]# cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf [root@LEMP mysql]# vim / etc/my.cnf #在[mysqld]段时新增以下三行，其他参数要根据自己系统硬件、软件环境的具体来配置 datadir = /mydata/dbdata innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_thread_concurrency = 0 #不限制并发数 [root@LEMP mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/dbdata #输出内容中会有两个OK [root@LEMP mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld [root@LEMP mysql]# chown -R root . [root@LEMP mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld [root@LEMP mysql]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld #把下边的两个变量的路径加入 basedir=/opt/lemp/mysql datadir=/mydata/dbdata [root@LEMP mysql]# service mysqld start Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! [root@LEMP mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld [root@LEMP mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on [root@LEMP mysql]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh #导出二进制文件 export PATH=$PATH:/opt/lemp/mysql/bin [root@LEMP mysql]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh [root@LEMP mysql]# ln -sv /opt/lemp/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql #导出头文件 [root@LEMP mysql]# echo "/opt/lemp/mysql/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mariadb.conf #导出库文件 [root@LEMP mysql]# ldconfig -v | grep mysql [root@LEMP mysql]# vim /etc/man.config #输出帮助手册，新增下一行 MANPATH /opt/lemp/mysql/man [root@LEMP mysql]# mysqladmin -u root password #为root用户设置密码 New password: Confirm new password: [root@LEMP mysql]# mysql -u root -p #连接测试 Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 9 Server version: 5.5.42-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. #版权不再是问题，mariadb是开源软件 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]>
5、php部署
5.1、php编译安装
5.1.1、处理依赖关系
[root@LEMP software]# yum -y install epel-release #增加epel源，因有些依赖包在默认的Yum源没有 [root@LEMP software]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo [epel] name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch #baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch mirrorlist=http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch #默认是https，改成http方式，不然epel源无法访问 failovermethod=priority enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6 …… [root@LEMP software]# yum -y install libxml2-devel bzip2-devel libmcrypt-devel mhash-devel libcurl-devel #安装依赖包
5.1.2、编译安装php
[root@LEMP software]# tar xf php-5.6.6.tar.xz [root@LEMP software]# cd php-5.6.6 [root@LEMP php-5.6.6]# ./configure \ --prefix=/opt/lemp/php5.6 \ --enable-fpm \ --enable-mbstring \ --enable-xml \ --enable-sockets \ --enable-sysvshm \ --with-mysql=/opt/lemp/mysql \ --with-mysqli=/opt/lemp/mysql/bin/mysql_config \ --with-openssl \ --with-freetype-dir \ --with-jpeg-dir \ --with-png-dir \ --with-zlib-dir \ --with-libxml-dir=/usr \ --with-mcrypt \ --with-mhash \ --with-bz2 \ --with-curl \ --with-config-file-path=/etc \ --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d [root@LEMP php-5.6.6]# make && make install [root@LEMP php-5.6.6]# ls /opt/lemp/php5.6/ bin etc include lib php sbin var [root@LEMP php-5.6.6]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini #拷贝php的配置文件 [root@LEMP php-5.6.6]# cp /opt/lemp/php5.6/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /opt/lemp/php5.6/etc/php-fpm.conf #拷贝php-fpm的配置文件 [root@LEMP php-5.6.6]# vim /opt/lemp/php5.6/etc/php-fpm.conf #根据需求及服务器性能调整参数，并增加pid参数，如下 [global] pid = /opt/lemp/php5.6/var/run/php-fpm.pid #启用pid error_log = /opt/lemp/php5.6/var/log/php-fpm.log #启用日志 …… [www] pm.max_children = 50 #默认是5，我这里是实验环境，修改成了50 pm.start_servers = 2 pm.min_spare_servers = 1 pm.max_spare_servers = 3 …… [root@LEMP php-5.6.6]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm #拷贝启用脚本文件 [root@LEMP php-5.6.6]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm [root@LEMP php-5.6.6]# chkconfig --add php-fpm [root@LEMP php-5.6.6]# service php-fpm start [root@LEMP php-5.6.6]# ps aux | grep php #可以看到有一个master进程和两个子进程
5.1.3、收尾工作
[root@LEMP php-5.6.6]# echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/opt/lemp/php5.6/bin' > /etc/profile.d/php5.6.sh #导出二进制文件 [root@LEMP php-5.6.6]# source /etc/profile.d/php5.6.sh [root@LEMP php-5.6.6]# php -v PHP 5.6.6 (cli) (built: Feb 25 2015 11:39:32) Copyright (c) 1997-2015 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.6.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2015 Zend Technologies [root@LEMP php-5.6.6]# ln -sv /opt/lemp/php5.6/include /usr/include/php5.6 #导出头文件 [root@LEMP php-5.6.6]# echo "/opt/lemp/php5.6/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/php5.6.conf #导出库文件 [root@LEMP php-5.6.6]# ldconfig -v | grep php
5.2、启用opcache功能
[root@LEMP php-5.6.6]# vim /etc/php.ini #在[opcache]中启用该功能 [opcache] zend_extension = /opt/lemp/php5.6/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20131226/opcache.so opcache.enable=1 opcache.enable_cli=1 opcache.memory_consumption=64 opcache.interned_strings_buffer=4 opcache.max_accelerated_files=2000 opcache.revalidate_freq=2 opcache.fast_shutdown=1 [root@LEMP php-5.6.6]# php -m #查看opcache模块是否已加载，不需要重新启动php-fpm服务
5.3、php与nginx整合
因bbs.zhaochj.com及phpmyadmin.com两个站点都是php语言编写的站点，所以两个站点都要启用php的支持
[root@LEMP ~]# vim /etc/nginx16/nginx.conf #在"bbs.zhaochj.com"与"phpmyadmin.com"两个虚拟主机中分别启用下边的选项
location ~ \.php$ {
root /web/bbs; #phpmyadmin.com主机的root修改成/web/phpmyadmin
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param HTTPS on; #在phpmyadmin.com虚拟主机中在新增这一行，在bbs.zhaochj.com虚拟主机中不用此选项
include fastcgi_params;
}
说明：“ fastcgi_param HTTPS on;”这一行是新增加的，如果不加，在访问https://phpmyadmin.com时会报“The plain HTTP request was sent to HTTPS port”
[root@LEMP ~]# vim /etc/nginx16/fastcgi_params #先清空，再加入以下选项
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
[root@LEMP ~]# vim /web/bbs/index.php #建立bbs.zhaochj.com的php测试文件
<h1>bbs.zhaochj.com</h1>
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
[root@LEMP ~]# vim /web/phpmyadmin/index.php #建立phpmyadmin.com的php测试文件
<h1>phpmyadmin.com</h1>
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
[root@LEMP ~]# nginx -t #测试nginx配置文件
[root@LEMP ~]# service nginx16 reload #重读配置文件
测试两个站点能否正确解析php，如以下图片
5.4、完整的nginx.conf配置文件
请见附件
6、phpmyadmin部署
[root@LEMP software]# pwd /root/software [root@LEMP software]# ls | grep phpM phpMyAdmin-4.3.10-all-languages.7z #7zip压缩的，系统默认没有安装7zip的压缩工具，安装之 [root@LEMP software]# yum -y install p7zip #安装解压工具 [root@LEMP software]# 7za x phpMyAdmin-4.3.10-all-languages.7z [root@LEMP software]# rm -rf /web/phpmyadmin/index.php #删除测试文件 [root@LEMP software]# mv phpMyAdmin-4.3.10-all-languages/* /web/bbs/ [root@LEMP software]# cd /web/phpmyadmin/ [root@LEMP phpmyadmin]# cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php [root@LEMP phpmyadmin]# openssl rand -hex 8 #准备一个随机数 cad0b7878a2f0779 [root@LEMP phpmyadmin]# vim config.inc.php #填入上边产生的随机数，自己随意填写一些字符也可以 $cfg['blowfish_secret'] = 'cad0b7878a2f0779'; /* YOU MUST FILL IN THIS FOR COOKIE AUTH! */ [root@LEMP phpmyadmin]# service nginx16 reload#重新读取配置
测试：
因phpmyadmin.com是以ssl方式安全访问，所以先导入CA的证书文件，证书在访问端的安装省略，可参照http://zhaochj.blog.51cto.com/368705/1609777文章的相关部份。
导出证书后访问phpmyadmin.com站点，如下图片：
7、discuz论坛部署测试
[root@LEMP discuz]# pwd /root/software/discuz [root@LEMP discuz]# ls Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip [root@LEMP discuz]# unzip Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip [root@LEMP discuz]# ls Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip readme upload utility [root@LEMP discuz]# mv upload/* /web/bbs/ [root@LEMP discuz]# chmod -R 777 /web/bbs/config [root@LEMP discuz]# chmod -R 777 /web/bbs/data [root@LEMP discuz]# chmod -R 777 /web/bbs/uc_client [root@LEMP discuz]# chmod -R 777 /web/bbs/uc_server [root@LEMP discuz]# service nginx16 reload
使用ie浏览器来安装discuz
在浏览器地址栏输入“http://bbs.zhaochj.com”，点击回车键后，如下图，点击“我同意”
安装Discuz时的插曲：
在安装Discuz时发生了一些比较奇怪的事情，最初使用的数据库是“mariadb-10.0.16-linux-x86_64.tar.gz”这个版本的，数据库部署好后在进行Discuz安装时看到能正常的创建数据库及表，但是在数据库中只是创建好一个数据库，而数据库中的表并没有创建成功，在访问Discuz时也报错，报错信息如下图所示：
这个问题折磨我很久，安装Discuz时没有出现任何错误提示，但数据库中的表就是没有创建成功。换了一个wordpress测试是可以正常工作的，没道理呀。作罢，准备把数据库更换来试试，本想更换成mysql 5.6的版本，但需要glibc 2.5的，而系统不是此版本的，也作罢，最后把数据库更换成了“mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz”，这样安装Discuz时就正常了，跟着这个思路，我又把数据库更换成了“mariadb-5.5.42-linux-x86_64.tar.gz”，这个也是没问题的。所以怀疑是版本的问题导致这次离奇的故障。
目前最新版本的“mariadb-10.0.16-linux-x86_64.tar.gz”这个版本类似Mysql 5.6版本，版本很新，应该对系统环境有更高的要求，所以在生产环境下还是推荐5.5版本的数据库。
8、验证nginx的status功能
确保配置文件中启用如下的虚拟主机，配置如下：
[root@LEMP ~]# vim /etc/nginx16/nginx.conf
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name status.zhaochj.com;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx16/ssl/status.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx16/ssl/status.pem;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
access_log off; #对于status的访问不需要写入日志
location / {
stub_status on;
auth_basic "Restricted Area."; #认证模块的使用
auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx16/htpasswd;
}
}
配置好后在浏览器中打开“https://status.zhaochj.com” 输入用户名及密码就可以输出状态信息。
9、总结
通过整理此博文，有以下几个感受：
第一：对nginx有了新的认识，此软件是由核心模块及一大堆其他模块组成，各模块所支持的指令在官方wiki中查看（http://wiki.nginx.org/Modules）
第二：熟悉了nginx.conf这个配置文件的组成结构，常见的就是由三段组成，main、http、server三段组成
第三：在软件的使用上不要选择最新版本来进行安装，在安装Discuz时因选择MariaDB的最新版本导致出现了比较怪异的现象。