CenOS 6.3 + nginx 1.2.4 + PHP 5.4.8 + MySQL 5.5.28 完整配置(1)

CenOS 6.3 + nginx 1.2.4 + PHP 5.4.8 + MySQL 5.5.28 + memcached 

搞了好几天，终于把新服务器的配置弄完了，现在贴出来，也做个备忘！

另外还有 subversion-1.7.7 我就单独一篇来写了额

 

1. 修改 SSH 连接显示字符集 （可以忽略这一步，偶尔出现乱码影响也不大的）

# vi /etc/profile

添加：

LANG=zh_CN.GB2312

export LANG

使环境变量生效 保存后 断开 SSH 重新连接 

# source /etc/profile 

注意：

如果有添加这一步，在设置 mysql 密码时会出现个 sql 编码问题，需要注释掉这里的设置断开ssh后重连就可以了

 

2. 设置时区

# cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

同步时间

# /usr/bin/rdate -s rdate.darkorb.net

写入 BIOS 避免失效

# hwclock -w

建议加入定时同步

# crontab -e

# 0 0 * * * /usr/bin/rdate -s rdate.darkorb.net

 

3. 配置服务器 yum 国内更新源地址

# cd /etc/yum.repos.d

# mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak

# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo

# yum makecache

 

4. 更新软件和安装依赖包

# sudo -s

# LANG=C

# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers ntpd nmap patch cmake bison cgi* *-gd-* libtool-* gettext *libxml-devel libcurl-devel libevent libevent-devel net-snmp-devel lsof unzip

如果出现错误 如：Error: Package: glibc-headers-2.12-1.80.el6_3.4.x86_64 (updates)

查看  http://www.zhouz.me/post/2012-10-25/40040279305

 

5. 设置路径

# vi /etc/ld.so.conf

添加：

/usr/lib/

/usr/local/lib/

/usr/lib64/

/usr/local/lib64/

 

6. 最好重启一次

# reboot

 

7. 开始安装 nginx

新建保存下载软件的目录

# mkdir -p /mydata/soft

# mkdir -p /var/www/html

# cd /mydata/soft/

下载：

# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.4.tar.gz

# wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.31.tar.gz

# wget https://gperftools.googlecode.com/files/gperftools-2.0.tar.gz

# wget http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/libunwind/libunwind-1.1.tar.gz

 

7.1 利用 TCMalloc 优化 nginx 性能

针对 64 位操作系统必须安装 libunwind 库

# tar zxvf libunwind-1.1.tar.gz

# cd libunwind-1.1/

# CFLAGS=-fPIC ./configure

# make CFLAGS=-fPIC

# make CFLAGS=-fPIC install

# cd ../

 

安装 google-perftools 优化

# tar zxvf gperftools-2.0.tar.gz

# cd gperftools-2.0/

# ./configure

# make && make install

# echo "/usr/local/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/usr_local_lib.conf

# /sbin/ldconfig

# cd ..

 

7.2 安装 pcre 使 nginx 支持 URL 重写

# tar zxvf pcre-8.31.tar.gz  

# cd pcre-8.31

# ./configure

# make && make install

# cd ../

 

7.3 编译安装 nginx

# tar zxvf nginx-1.2.4.tar.gz  

# cd nginx-1.2.4

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-google_perftools_module --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-openssl=/usr/ --with-pcre=/mydata/soft/pcre-8.31

# make && make install

#cd ../

 

# mkdir /tmp/tcmalloc

# chmod 0777 /tmp/tcmalloc

 

7.4 添加用户和组

# /usr/sbin/groupadd www

# /usr/sbin/useradd -g www www

 

7.5 配置 nginx.conf

# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

注意：要在 pid 下一行添加下面的代码才能使优化生效

google_perftools_profiles  /tmp/tcmalloc;

 

示例：替换为以下内容

 

user www www;

worker_processes  4;

worker_cpu_affinity 0001 0100 1000 0010;

 

error_log  logs/error.log;

pid        logs/nginx.pid;

worker_rlimit_nofile  65535;

google_perftools_profiles  /tmp/tcmalloc;

 

events {

   worker_connections  65535;

}

 

http {

   #include       deny_ips.conf;

   include       mime.types;

   default_type  application/octet-stream;

   server_tokens off;

 

   log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

                     '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

                     '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

 

   #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

 

   server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

   client_header_buffer_size 32k;

   large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;

   client_max_body_size 50m;    

 

   sendfile       on;

   tcp_nopush     on;

   tcp_nodelay    on;

 

   keepalive_timeout  60;

 

   fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;

   fastcgi_send_timeout 300;

   fastcgi_read_timeout 300;

   fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;

   fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;

   fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;

   fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;

   fastcgi_intercept_errors on;

   

   gzip on;

   gzip_min_length   1k;

   gzip_buffers      4 16k;

   gzip_http_version 1.0;

   gzip_comp_level   2;

   gzip_types        text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;

   gzip_vary on;

 

   include vhost/*.conf;

}

 

7.6 启动 nginx

# ulimit -SHn 65535

# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

 

7.7 验证google-perftools是否已经正常加载 命令:

 

# lsof -n | grep tcmalloc

显示如下：

nginx      2395 nobody   9w  REG  8,8       0    1599440 /tmp/tcmalloc.2395  

nginx      2396 nobody   11w REG  8,8       0    1599443 /tmp/tcmalloc.2396  

nginx      2397 nobody   13w REG  8,8       0    1599441 /tmp/tcmalloc.2397  

nginx      2398 nobody   15w REG  8,8       0    1599442 /tmp/tcmalloc.2398  

由于在Nginx配置文件中，设置worker_processes的值为4，因此开启了4个Nginx线程，每个线程会有一行记录。每个线程文件后面的数字值就是启动的Nginx的PID值。

至此，利用TCMalloc优化Nginx的操作完成。

 

7.8 优化 nginx 内核

# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

末尾添加：

net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

net.core.somaxconn = 262144

net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144

net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 262144

net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144

net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 30

刷新配置

# /sbin/sysctl -p

 

7.9 添加 nginx 的系统服务

之前在安装的时候写过了，详细内容可前往下面地址：

http://www.zhouz.me/post/2012-10-23/40041551802

 

7.10 添加各站点配置目录

# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf

# mkdir vhost

 

7.10.1 配置 localhost 站点

# vi vhost/localhost.conf 

添加：

server

{

   listen       80;

   server_name  localhost;

   index index.html index.php;

   root  /var/www/html/;

 

   #limit_conn   crawler  20;    

 

   location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$

   {

       #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

       #upload filesize limit

       #client_max_body_size 10m;

       fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;

       fastcgi_index index.php;

       include fastcgi.conf;

   }

}

 

8. 安装 mysql

8.1 检测是否之前有安装过 rpm mysql包

查看系统是否有安装过 MySQL

注意大小写，如果mysql 不行就换MySQL

# rpm -qa | grep mysql

显示如：mysql-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64

将搜索出的包名全部卸载：（nodeps表示强制删除），

例如：

# rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64

 

 

8.2 下载 MySQL 相关软件包

# cd /mydata/soft

# wget http://www.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.28.tar.gz/from/http://cdn.mysql.com/

 

8.3 新建 MySQL 用户和组

# /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql

# /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql

 

8.4 新建目录并设置权限

# chmod +w /usr/local/mysql

# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

# mkdir -p /var/mysql/data/

# mkdir -p /var/mysql/log/

# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/mysql/

# mkdir /home/mysql/temp

# chown -R mysql:mysql /home/mysql/temp

 

8.5 开始安装 MySQL

# tar xvf mysql-5.5.28.tar.gz

# cd mysql-5.5.28/

# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \

-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \

-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=utf8,gbk \

-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON \

-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_READLINE=1 \

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \

-DMYSQL_USER=mysql \

-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/var/mysql/data

# make && make install

 

8.6 配置 my.cnf 文件

# cd support-files/

注意：my-large.cnf 适用于1G内存左右的服务器，

可以根据自己配置情况选用 my-large.cnf 或 my-huge.cnf 等不同配置

# cp my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf

 

之前这里 my.cnf 的路径设置有问题（现已修改），导致没有生效，今天关闭 innodb 时才发现。。

是放在 etc 下面才会生效的。。

参考配置：关闭 innodb，binlog 保存 30 天内的

# vi /etc/my.cnf

--------------------------------------忽略分隔线---------------------------------------

 

[client]

port    = 3306

socket  = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

 

[mysqld]

character-set-server = utf8

replicate-ignore-db = mysql

replicate-ignore-db = test

replicate-ignore-db = information_schema

user    = mysql

port    = 3306

socket  = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

basedir = /usr/local/mysql

datadir = /var/mysql/data

tmpdir = /home/mysql/temp

log-error = /var/mysql/log/error.log

pid-file = /var/mysql/mysql.pid

open_files_limit = 10240

back_log = 200

max_connections = 1024

max_connect_errors = 1024

table_cache = 614

external-locking = FALSE

max_allowed_packet = 32M

sort_buffer_size = 4M

join_buffer_size = 1M

thread_cache_size = 300

thread_concurrency = 4

query_cache_size = 512M

query_cache_limit = 2M

query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k

default-storage-engine = MyISAM

thread_stack = 192K

transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED

tmp_table_size = 246M

max_heap_table_size = 246M

long_query_time = 3

log-slave-updates

log-bin = /var/mysql/binlog/binlog

binlog_cache_size = 4M

binlog_format = MIXED

max_binlog_cache_size = 8M

max_binlog_size = 1G

#relay-log-index = /var/mysql/relaylog/relaylog

#relay-log-info-file = /var/mysql/relaylog/relaylog

#relay-log = /var/mysql/relaylog/relaylog

expire_logs_days = 30

key_buffer_size = 256M

read_buffer_size = 1M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M

myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G

myisam_repair_threads = 1

myisam_recover

 

interactive_timeout = 120

wait_timeout = 120

 

#skip-name-resolve

slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396

 

#master-host     =   192.168.1.2

#master-user     =   username

#master-password =   password

#master-port     =  3306

 

server-id = 1

 

skip-innodb

 

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend

innodb_file_io_threads = 4

innodb_thread_concurrency = 8

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2

innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M

innodb_log_file_size = 128M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

innodb_file_per_table = 0

 

slow-query-log = On

slow-query-log-file = /var/mysql/log/slow.log

long_query_time = 30

 

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 32M

 

--------------------------------------忽略分隔线---------------------------------------

 

# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

# cd ../../