读Getting Started With Windows PowerShell笔记

 

使用中Powershell的操作跟Linux中的终端操作很多地方是一致的，当然，还是有着Windows自己的特色，比如，不分大小写。之前命令行中的命令大部分在这里也可以用，而且用法一样。

选中后点右键，即复制到剪切板。

不分大小写，以下的几个都是一样的命令：

Get-Alias

get-alias

geT-ALIaS

输命令时可以用Tab键补全。

可以加管道控制符，以及加more分屏输出：

PS C:\Windows\system32> get-alias | more

CommandType Name ModuleName

----------- ---- ----------

Alias % -> ForEach-Object

Alias ? -> Where-Object

Alias ac -> Add-Content

Alias asnp -> Add-PSSnapin

Alias cat -> Get-Content

Alias cd -> Set-Location

Alias chdir -> Set-Location

Alias clc -> Clear-Content

Alias clear -> Clear-Host

Alias clhy -> Clear-History

Alias cli -> Clear-Item

Alias clp -> Clear-ItemProperty

Alias cls -> Clear-Host

Alias clv -> Clear-Variable

Alias cnsn -> Connect-PSSession

Alias compare -> Compare-Object

Alias copy -> Copy-Item

Alias cp -> Copy-Item

Alias cpi -> Copy-Item

Alias cpp -> Copy-ItemProperty

Alias cvpa -> Convert-Path

Alias dbp -> Disable-PSBreakpoint

Alias del -> Remove-Item

Alias diff -> Compare-Object

Alias dir -> Get-ChildItem

Alias dnsn -> Disconnect-PSSession

Alias ebp -> Enable-PSBreakpoint

Alias echo -> Write-Output

Alias epal -> Export-Alias

Alias epcsv -> Export-Csv

Alias epsn -> Export-PSSession

Alias erase -> Remove-Item

Alias etsn -> Enter-PSSession

Alias exsn -> Exit-PSSession

Alias fc -> Format-Custom

Alias fl -> Format-List

Alias foreach -> ForEach-Object

Alias ft -> Format-Table

Alias fw -> Format-Wide

Alias gal -> Get-Alias

Alias gbp -> Get-PSBreakpoint

Alias gc -> Get-Content

Alias gci -> Get-ChildItem

Alias gcm -> Get-Command

Alias gcs -> Get-PSCallStack

Alias gdr -> Get-PSDrive

-- More --

同样的是回车往下一行，空格往下一屏。Ctrl+c，中止执行。

Alias也是给这些cmdlet起个别名，或者，叫昵称？比如下面的三个，都是完全一样的结果，倒是更方便了。

PS C:\Windows\system32> d:

PS D:\> dir

目录: D:\

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

da--- 2007/4/17 10:43 Dynamips@EDURainbow

d---- 2012/12/1 10:22 My Documents

d---- 2012/11/7 10:38 NeoSpeech

d---- 2012/11/10 9:17 Program Files

d---- 2012/11/29 21:58 Program Files (x86)

PS D:\> ls

目录: D:\

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

da--- 2007/4/17 10:43 Dynamips@EDURainbow

d---- 2012/12/1 10:22 My Documents

d---- 2012/11/7 10:38 NeoSpeech

d---- 2012/11/10 9:17 Program Files

d---- 2012/11/29 21:58 Program Files (x86)

PS D:\> get-childitem

目录: D:\

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

da--- 2007/4/17 10:43 Dynamips@EDURainbow

d---- 2012/12/1 10:22 My Documents

d---- 2012/11/7 10:38 NeoSpeech

d---- 2012/11/10 9:17 Program Files

d---- 2012/11/29 21:58 Program Files (x86)

也可以加其他参数，参数可以只输前几个字母，只要没有其他的参数的跟这些字母重复，造成不知道是哪个：

PS C:\Users\Denny> get-childitem -recurse | more

目录: C:\Users\Denny

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

d---- 2012/11/8 15:52 .sdtgui

d-r-- 2012/11/5 21:35 Contacts

d-r-- 2012/12/5 9:11 Desktop

d-r-- 2012/11/15 16:51 Documents

d-r-- 2012/12/4 21:30 Downloads

d-r-- 2012/11/5 21:35 Favorites

d-r-- 2012/11/5 21:35 Links

d-r-- 2012/11/5 21:35 Music

d-r-- 2012/11/14 8:52 Pictures

d-r-- 2012/11/5 21:35 Saved Games

d-r-- 2012/11/6 9:30 Searches

d-r-- 2012/11/5 21:35 Videos

-a--- 2012/11/23 9:16 11216 dlclient.history

-a--- 2012/11/23 9:16 167 dlclient.localstate

-a--- 2012/11/23 9:16 732 dlgmanager.config

-a--- 2012/11/8 15:52 100 sapinstAuth.txt

目录: C:\Users\Denny\.sdtgui

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

d---- 2012/11/8 15:52 download

d---- 2012/11/8 15:52 history

d---- 2012/11/8 15:52 htdoc

d---- 2012/11/8 15:52 log

-a--- 2012/11/8 15:52 1187 .sdt_keystore_nw2007

目录: C:\Users\Denny\.sdtgui\log

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

-a--- 2012/11/8 15:52 480 FileService.log

-a--- 2012/11/8 15:52 42 frog.log

-a--- 2012/11/8 15:52 484 NotesService.log

-a--- 2012/11/8 15:52 836 SAPinstService.log

-a--- 2012/11/8 15:52 3829 sdtgui.log

-a--- 2012/11/8 15:52 0 sdtgui.out

-a--- 2012/11/8 15:52 0 sdtgui.trc

-- More --

列出下面所有子文件夹的文件。

输出命令信息：

PS C:\Users\Denny> get-command | more

CommandType Name ModuleName

----------- ---- ----------

Alias Add-ProvisionedAppxPackage Dism

Alias Apply-WindowsUnattend Dism

Alias Get-ProvisionedAppxPackage Dism

Alias Initialize-Volume Storage

Alias Remove-ProvisionedAppxPackage Dism

Function A:

Function Add-BCDataCacheExtension BranchCache

Function Add-BitLockerKeyProtector BitLocker

Function Add-DnsClientNrptRule DnsClient

Function Add-DtcClusterTMMapping MsDtc

Function Add-InitiatorIdToMaskingSet Storage

Function Add-NetIPHttpsCertBinding NetworkTransition

Function Add-NetLbfoTeamMember NetLbfo

Function Add-NetLbfoTeamNic NetLbfo

Function Add-NetSwitchTeamMember NetSwitchTeam

Function Add-OdbcDsn Wdac

Function Add-PartitionAccessPath Storage

Function Add-PhysicalDisk Storage

Function Add-Printer PrintManagement

Function Add-PrinterDriver PrintManagement

Function Add-PrinterPort PrintManagement

以格式控制列出：

PS C:\Users\Denny> Get-Command | Format-List | more

DisplayName : Add-ProvisionedAppxPackage

CommandType : Alias

Definition :

ReferencedCommand :

ResolvedCommand :

DisplayName : Apply-WindowsUnattend

CommandType : Alias

Definition :

ReferencedCommand :

ResolvedCommand :

DisplayName : Get-ProvisionedAppxPackage

CommandType : Alias

Definition :

ReferencedCommand :

ResolvedCommand :

DisplayName : Initialize-Volume

CommandType : Alias

Definition :

ReferencedCommand :

ResolvedCommand :

DisplayName : Remove-ProvisionedAppxPackage

CommandType : Alias

Definition :

ReferencedCommand :

ResolvedCommand :

帮助信息：

PS C:\Users\Denny> get-help format-list

名称

Format-List

语法

Format-List [[-Property] <Object[]>] [-GroupBy <Object>] [-View <string>] [-ShowError] [-DisplayError] [-Force] [-E

xpand <string> {CoreOnly | EnumOnly | Both}] [-InputObject <psobject>] [<CommonParameters>]

别名

fl

备注

Get-Help 在此计算机上找不到该 cmdlet 的帮助文件。它仅显示部分帮助。

-- 若要下载并安装包含此 cmdlet 的模块的帮助文件，请使用 Update-Help。

-- 若要联机查看此 cmdlet 的帮助主题，请键入: "Get-Help Format-List -Online" 或

转到 http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113302。

其中下面的那个链接则是直接到format-list的帮助信息的。

安装本地帮助：

PS C:\Users\Denny> update-help

提示需要以管理员身份运行才能更新这些帮助信息：

还有报错，不过只是一小部分，暂时用不上：

终于出来了：

PS C:\Windows\system32> get-help format-list

名称

Format-List

摘要

Formats the output as a list of properties in which each property appears on a new line.

语法

Format-List [[-Property] <Object[]>] [-DisplayError [<SwitchParameter>]] [-Expand <String>] [-Force [<SwitchParamet

er>]] [-GroupBy <Object>] [-InputObject <PSObject>] [-ShowError [<SwitchParameter>]] [-View <String>] [<CommonParam

eters>]

说明

The Format-List cmdlet formats the output of a command as a list of properties in which each property is displayed

on a separate line. You can use Format-List to format and display all or selected properties of an object as a list

(format-list *).

Because more space is available for each item in a list than in a table, Windows PowerShell displays more propertie

s of the object in the list, and the property values are less likely to be truncated.

相关链接

Online Version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113302

备注

若要查看示例，请键入: "get-help Format-List -examples".

有关详细信息，请键入: "get-help Format-List -detailed".

若要获取技术信息，请键入: "get-help Format-List -full".

有关在线帮助，请键入: "get-help Format-List -online"

加参数的命令，得到使用的例子：

PS C:\Users\Denny> Get-Help Format-List -Examples

名称

Format-List

摘要

Formats the output as a list of properties in which each property appears on a new line.

-------------------------- EXAMPLE 1 --------------------------

PS C:\> get-service | format-list

This command formats information about services on the computer as a list. By default, the services are formatted a

s a table. The Get-Service cmdlet gets objects representing the services on the computer. The pipeline operator (|)

passes the results through the pipeline to Format-List. Then, the Format-List command formats the service informat

ion in a list and sends it to the default output cmdlet for display.

-------------------------- EXAMPLE 2 --------------------------

PS C:\> $a = get-childitem $pshome\*.ps1xml

PS C:\>format-list -InputObject $a

These commands display information about the PS1XML files in the Windows PowerShell directory as a list.

The first command gets the objects representing the files and stores them in the $a variable.

The second command uses Format-List to format information about objects stored in $a. This command uses the InputOb

ject parameter to pass the variable to Format-List, which then sends the formatted output to the default output cmd

let for display.

-------------------------- EXAMPLE 3 --------------------------

PS C:\> get-process | format-list -property name, basepriority, priorityclass

This command displays the name, base priority, and priority class of each process on the computer. It uses the Get-

Process cmdlet to get an object representing each process. The pipeline operator (|) passes the process objects thr

ough the pipeline to Format-List. Format-List formats the processes as a list of the specified properties. The "Pro

perty" parameter name is optional, so you can omit it.

-------------------------- EXAMPLE 4 --------------------------

PS C:\> get-process winlogon | format-list -property *

This command displays all of the properties of the Winlogon process. It uses the Get-Process cmdlet to get an objec

t representing the Winlogon process. The pipeline operator (|) passes the Winlogon process object through the pipel

ine to Format-List. The command uses the Property parameter to specify the properties and the * to indicate all pro

perties. Because the name of the Property parameter is optional, you can omit it and type the command as: "format-l

ist *". Format-List automatically sends the results to the default output cmdlet for display.