企业web高可用集群实战之lvs+keepalived+mysql

标签：keepalived 集群 mysql HA lvs

原创作品，允许转载，转载时请务必以超链接形式标明文章 原始出处 、作者信息和本声明。否则将追究法律责任。 http://qiuzhijun.blog.51cto.com/2238445/932673

前端用两台server做lvs+keepalived负载调度器，中间用apache+php作为web应用服务器，后端用两台做mysql高可用，用nfs、mfs或作为web文件共享服务器

 

系统环境：

LVS调度主服务器：192.168.8.11

LVS调度从服务器：192.168.8.12

LVS VIP：192.168.8.10

apache服务器：192.168.8.20 192.168.8.21

MySQL主服务器：192.168.8.31

MySQL从服务器：192.168.8.32

MySQL VIP：192.168.8.30

 

 

由于工作时间比较紧，同时还要培训，架构图后期补上!!

 

用到软件准备：

所有服务器软件包都放在/opt 目录下，下面是下载地址：

wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.1.20.tar.gz
wget http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.5/mysql-5.5.24-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz #64位
wget http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.5/mysql-5.5.24-linux2.6-i686.tar.gz #32位

一、LVS+Keepalived

1.安装ipvsadm

yum -y install ipvsadm kernel-devel

ln -sv /usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-308.8.2.el5-x86_64/ /usr/src/linux

 

2.安装keepalived

cd /opt/
tar zxf keepalived-1.1.20.tar.gz
cd keepalived-1.1.20
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-308.11.1.el5-x86_64/

出现如下信息内核加载成功：
Keepalived configuration
------------------------
Keepalived version : 1.1.20
Compiler : gcc
Compiler flags : -g -O2
Extra Lib : -lpopt -lssl -lcrypto
Use IPVS Framework : Yes
IPVS sync daemon support : Yes
Use VRRP Framework : Yes
Use Debug flags : No
make;make install
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
mkdir /etc/keepalived
chkconfig keepalived on

3.创建配置文件

cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
 notification_email {
 [email protected]
 }
 notification_email_from [email protected]
 smtp_server smtp.163.com
 #smtp_connect_timeout 30
 router_id LVS_DEVEL
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
 state MASTER #备份服务器上将MASTER改为BACKUP
 interface eth0
 lvs_sync_daemon_inteface eth0
 virtual_router_id 51
 priority 100 #备份服务上将100改为低于100的数值
 advert_int 5
 authentication {
 auth_type PASS
 auth_pass 1111
 }
 virtual_ipaddress {
 192.168.8.10
 }
}

virtual_server 192.168.8.10 80 {
 delay_loop 6 #(每隔10秒查询realserver状态)
 lb_algo wlc #(lvs 算法)
 lb_kind DR #(Direct Route)
 persistence_timeout 60 #(同一IP的连接60秒内被分配到同一台realserver)
 protocol TCP #(用TCP协议检查realserver状态)

 real_server 192.168.8.11 80 {
 weight 100 #(权重)
 TCP_CHECK {
 connect_timeout 10 #(10秒无响应超时)
 nb_get_retry 3
 delay_before_retry 3
 connect_port 80
 }
 }
 real_server 192.168.8.12 80 {
 weight 100
 TCP_CHECK {
 connect_timeout 10
 nb_get_retry 3
 delay_before_retry 3
 connect_port 80
 }
 }
}

PS :从配置文件参考以上主的配置文件，不同的地方是红色标注两处！

 

二、WEB集群

1、这里可以选择lamp、lnmp、lanmp等web架构，至于搭建略！

2、在各web节点上创建realserver脚本

cat /root/sh/lvs_real.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Description: Config realserver script
#Written by : opsren----http://linuxops.blog.51cto.com
SNS_VIP=192.168.8.10
/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

case "$1" in
start)
 /sbin/ifconfig lo:0 $SNS_VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $SNS_VIP
 /sbin/route add -host $SNS_VIP dev lo:0
 echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
 echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
 echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
 echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
 sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1
 echo "RealServer Start OK"

 ;;
stop)
 /sbin/ifconfig lo:0 down
 /sbin/route del $SNS_VIP >/dev/null 2>&1
 echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
 echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
 echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
 echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
 echo "RealServer Stoped"
 ;;
*)
 echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
 exit 1
esac

exit 0

给予可执行权限：
chmod +755 /roo/sh/lvs_real.sh

启动脚本：
/root/sh/lvs_real.sh start

三、MySQL高可用（双主）部署

1.MySQL安装与配置

这里采用mysql5.5.24二进制tar包

tar zxf mysql-5.5.24-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/mysql5.5

设置配置文件：

cat >> /etc/my.cnf << EOF
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
#character-set-server = utf8

[mysqld]
connect_timeout = 20
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql-5.5/data
user = mysql

port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
pid-file = /data/mysql-5.5/data/mysql.pid

##init_connect = 'SET AUTOCOMMIT=1'
character-set-server = utf8

open_files_limit = 10240
table_open_cache = 6144
table_definition_cache = 4096
table_cache = 512
max_connections = 1100
max_connect_errors = 1000
back_log = 500
event_scheduler = ON

external-locking = FALSE
skip-name-resolve
#default_table_type = MyISAM

server-id = 10

#master-host = 192.168.8.31
#master-user = repl
#master-password = repl
#replicate-ignore-db=mysql
slave-net-timeout=35
#master-connect-retry=30
#relay-log = relay-bin
#max-relay-log-size = 128M
#skip-slave-start
#replicate-same-server-id=0
#log_slave_update
#replicate-do-db=WATCDB01
#replicate-do-db=WATCDB02
#replicate-do-db=WATCDB03
#replicate-do-db=WATCDB04


wait_timeout=100
interactive_timeout = 100
##Add for debug,record all the sql
##log = /usr/local/mysql/fetiondata/data/g_log.log
##innodb_status_file = 1
#
#tmpdir = /tmp
tmpdir = /data/mysql-5.5/tmp


tmp_table_size = 32M
max_heap_table_size = 64M

thread_cache_size = 64
thread_concurrency = 32
thread_stack = 192K

max_allowed_packet = 16M

sort_buffer_size = 512k
join_buffer_size = 512k
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_limit = 2M
key_buffer_size = 64M
read_buffer_size = 512k
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512k
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 32M

binlog_format = mixed
#binlog_cache_size = 1M
#log-bin = /data/mysql-5.5/logs/mysql-bin
max_binlog_size = 128M

#log_long_format
slow-query-log
slow-query-log-file = mysql.slow

#log_queries_not_using_indexes = 0
long_query_time = 1

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
#myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover

log_error = /data/mysql-5.5/logs/error.log


# READ-UNCOMMITTED, READ-COMMITTED, REPEATABLE-READ, SERIALIZABLE
#default#transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED

#innodb_checksums = 0
#innodb_doublewrite = 0
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT

#96G
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 48G
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 60G
#innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 10
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 4

#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 33G
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M

innodb_data_home_dir =
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:20G;ibdata2:20G;ibdata3:20G;ibdata4:20G;ibdata5:20G;ibdata6:20G;ibdata7:20G;ibdata8:100M:autoextend
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:2048M:autoextend

innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql-5.5/logs
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 1024M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

innodb_thread_concurrency = 288
innodb_thread_sleep_delay = 500
#innodb_file_io_threads = 8
innodb_concurrency_tickets = 1000

innodb_sync_spin_loops=40

##innodb_force_recovery is only used for recovery mode;
##innodb_force_recovery = 3


innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 10
innodb_support_xa = 0

#Added to allow create function
log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1


innodb_file_per_table = 1

#turn
innodb_stats_on_metadata=0
innodb_old_blocks_pct=20
innodb_change_buffering=all
#innodb_max_purge_lag
innodb_purge_threads=1
innodb_purge_batch_size = 32



innodb_read_io_threads = 8
innodb_write_io_threads = 8
innodb_io_capacity = 2000

innodb_file_format = Barracuda

#manage
performance_schema
performance_schema_events_waits_history_size=100
performance_schema_events_waits_history_long_size=30000

#innodb_strict_mode=1

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 128M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

[mysqld_safe]
open-files-limit = 28192
EOF

注意两点：

1).在两台MySQL服务器上开启bin-log日志，默认是开启的！

2).另外一台服务器节点的server-id设置为20，本来设置为10

 

2.将31服务器设置32的主服务器

在31服务器上建立授权用户！

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep'@'%' identified by "rep";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| binlog.000004 | 138637 | | |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)

在32服务器上把31服务器设为自己的主服务器，mysql客户端连接到32服务器：
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.8.31',master_user='rep',master_password='rep',master_log_file='binlog.000004',master_log_pos=138637;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
 Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
 Master_Host: 192.168.8.31
 Master_User: rep
 Master_Port: 3306
 Connect_Retry: 60
 Master_Log_File: binlog.000004
 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 138637
 Relay_Log_File: relaylog.000002
 Relay_Log_Pos: 250
 Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000004
 Slave_IO_Running: Yes
 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
 Replicate_Do_DB:
 Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql,test,information_schema
 Replicate_Do_Table:
 Replicate_Ignore_Table:
 Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
 Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
 Last_Errno: 0
 Last_Error:
 Skip_Counter: 0
 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 138637
 Relay_Log_Space: 399
 Until_Condition: None
 Until_Log_File:
 Until_Log_Pos: 0
 Master_SSL_Allowed: No
 Master_SSL_CA_File:
 Master_SSL_CA_Path:
 Master_SSL_Cert:
 Master_SSL_Cipher:
 Master_SSL_Key:
 Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
 Last_IO_Errno: 0
 Last_IO_Error:
 Last_SQL_Errno: 0
 Last_SQL_Error:
 Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
 Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

PS:

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

两处都为YES，表示OK！

 

3.将32服务器设置31的主服务器

在32服务器上建立授权用户：

 

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep'@'%' identified by "rep";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| binlog.000004 | 320 | | |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

在31服务器上把32服务器设为自己的主服务器，mysql客户端连接到31服务器：
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.8.32',master_user='rep',master_password='rep',master_log_file='binlog.000004',master_log_pos=320;
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id: 74
Current database: *** NONE ***

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
 Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
 Master_Host: 192.168.8.32
 Master_User: rep
 Master_Port: 3306
 Connect_Retry: 60
 Master_Log_File: binlog.000004
 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 320
 Relay_Log_File: relaylog.000002
 Relay_Log_Pos: 250
 Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000004
 Slave_IO_Running: Yes
 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
 Replicate_Do_DB:
 Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql,test,information_schema
 Replicate_Do_Table:
 Replicate_Ignore_Table:
 Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
 Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
 Last_Errno: 0
 Last_Error:
 Skip_Counter: 0
 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 320
 Relay_Log_Space: 399
 Until_Condition: None
 Until_Log_File:
 Until_Log_Pos: 0
 Master_SSL_Allowed: No
 Master_SSL_CA_File:
 Master_SSL_CA_Path:
 Master_SSL_Cert:
 Master_SSL_Cipher:
 Master_SSL_Key:
 Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
 Last_IO_Errno: 0
 Last_IO_Error:
 Last_SQL_Errno: 0
 Last_SQL_Error:
 Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
 Master_Server_Id: 2
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4.主主同步测试

先在31服务器上建个库：

mysql> create database t_test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| t_test |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

再到32服务器查询是否同步过来这个库：
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| bbs |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| t_test |
| test |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

可以看到同步过来了！
反过来一样！这步略！

5.keepalived安装配置
yum -y install kernel-devel ipvsadm
ln -sv /usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-308.8.2.el5-x86_64/ /usr/src/linux
cd /opt
tar zxf keepalived-1.1.20.tar.gz
cd keepalived-1.1.20
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-308.11.1.el5-x86_64/
make;make install
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
mkdir /etc/keepalived
chkconfig keepalived on

创建配置文件：
主服务器：
cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
 notification_email {
 [email protected]
 }
 notification_email_from [email protected]
 smtp_server 127.0.0.1
 smtp_connect_timeout 30
 router_id mysql-ha
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
 state BACKUP
 interface eth0
 virtual_router_id 51
 priority 100
 advert_int 1
 nopreempt #不抢占,只在priority高的节点上设置
 authentication {
 auth_type PASS
 auth_pass 1111
 }
 virtual_ipaddress {
 192.168.8.30
 }
}

virtual_server 192.168.8.30 3306 {
 delay_loop 2
 lb_algo wrr
 lb_kind DR
 persistence_timeout 60
 protocol TCP

 real_server 192.168.8.31 3306
 weight 3
 notify_down /root/sh/mysql.sh
 TCP_CHECK {
 connect_timeout 10
 nb_get_retry 3
 delay_before_retry 3
 connect_port 3306
 }
 }
}

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

从服务器：
cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
 notification_email {
 [email protected]
 }
 notification_email_from [email protected]
 smtp_server 127.0.0.1
 smtp_connect_timeout 30
 router_id mysql-ha
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
 state BACKUP
 interface eth0
 virtual_router_id 51
 priority 90
 advert_int 1
 authentication {
 auth_type PASS
 auth_pass 1111
 }
 virtual_ipaddress {
 192.168.8.30
 }
}

virtual_server 192.168.8.30 3306 {
 delay_loop 2
 lb_algo wrr
 lb_kind DR
 persistence_timeout 60
 protocol TCP

 real_server 192.168.8.32 3306
 weight 3
 notify_down /root/sh/mysql.sh
 TCP_CHECK {
 connect_timeout 10
 nb_get_retry 3
 delay_before_retry 3
 connect_port 3306
 }
 }
}

主备配置文件注意几点：

1).router_id 两边必须相同

2).state 两边都为BACKUP

3).virtual_router_id 两边必须相同

4).priority 主节点的值必须大于从节点的值

5).nopreempt 不抢占，只在priority高的节点（即主节点）上设置

6).real_server 只需要本机的IP，不需要其它节点的！

7).notify_down 作用是监测到当mysql停止工作时自动关闭本机的keepalived的脚本，实现故障转移！

 

在主从上都创建当mysql停止工作时自动关闭本机的keepalived的脚本：

cat /root/sh/mysql.sh
#!/bin/bash

MYSQL=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
MYSQL_HOST=localhost
MYSQL_USER=root
MYSQL_PASSWORD="admin"

CHECK_TIME=3

#mysql is working MYSQL_OK is 0 , mysql down MYSQL_OK is 1
MYSQL_OK=1

function check_mysql_helth (){
$MYSQL -h $MYSQL_HOST -u $MYSQL_USER -p $MYSQL_PASSWORD -e "show status;" > /dev/null 2>&1
if [ $? = 0 ] ;then
MYSQL_OK=0
else
MYSQL_OK=1
fi
return $MYSQL_OK
}

while [ $CHECK_TIME -ne 0 ]
do
let "CHECK_TIME -= 1"

check_mysql_helth

if [ $MYSQL_OK = 0 ] ; then
CHECK_TIME=0
exit 0
fi

if [ $MYSQL_OK -eq 1 ] && [ $CHECK_TIME -eq 1 ]
then
 /etc/init.d/keepalived stop
exit 1
fi

sleep 1

done

6.故障转移测试

分别启动主备节点的keepalived服务，然后在主节点查看VIP有没有启动：

31服务器：
[root@mysql1 ~]# ip a |grep eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
 inet 192.168.8.31/24 brd 192.168.8.255 scope global eth0
 inet 192.168.8.30/32 scope global eth0

32服务器：
[root@mysql2 keepalived-1.1.19]# ip a |grep eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
 inet 192.168.8.32/24 brd 192.168.8.255 scope global eth0

现在把31服务器的mysql服务停掉：
[root@mysql1 keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
 link/ether 00:0c:29:d4:fd:b3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
 inet 192.168.8.31/24 brd 192.168.8.255 scope global eth0
 inet 192.168.8.30/32 scope global eth0
[root@mysql1 keepalived]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL. [ OK ]
[root@mysql1 keepalived]# service keepalived status
keepalived is stopped
[root@mysql1 keepalived]#

可以看到mysql服务停掉后，keepalived服务也马上停掉了!

再到32节点上查看下VIP有没有接管：

[root@mysql2 ~]# ip a

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:e3:dd:5a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.8.32/24 brd 192.168.8.255 scope global eth0

inet 192.168.8.30/32 scope global eth0

可以看到接管过来了！