Oracle 11.2 RAC中手工配置 DB Control （1）
Oracle 10g的DB Control包括三部分：
- DBConsole Management Service（OMS、DB Control）
- DBConsole Management Agent
- DBConsole Management Repository
在10.1的RAC环境中，每个节点上都会起动一个DBConsole Management Service，每个节点上的Agent都向同节点上的Management Service报告。
从10.2开始，为了降低负载和提高性能，RAC环境中只有一个Service，每个节点上的Agent只向这唯一的一个Service汇报。当然也可以配置多个Service，然后让每个Agent向多个Agent汇报。
11.2的RAC仍然是这种模式，因此在11.2RAC中，只有一个节点会运行DB Control，这个节点也被叫做主节点（Master Node）。仍然可以配置多个DB Control。
DB Control配置命令
DB Control可以在DBCA创建数据库过程中同时创建，如果是手工创建数据库，或者像我一样，先创建个最小化的数据库，然后再一个功能一个功能的添加，那就需要掌握手工创建DB Control的方法了。
手工维护DB Control的主要命令就是emca，emca的语法规则如图示：
DB Control的配置包括两部分内容，一个是DB Control，也就是OC4J，另一个就是资料库Repository。因此，它的命令也是围绕这两个东东展开的。
- 配置DB Control同时创建资料库
emca -config dbcontrol db -repos create - 干掉DB Contole配置同时干掉资料库
<ORACLE_HOME>/bin/emca -deconfig dbcontrol db -repos drop - 只配置DB Control（资料库已经有了，只配置DB Control，并把配置数据加载到资料库）
<ORACLE_HOME>/bin/emca -config dbcontrol db - 只干掉DB Control，保留资料库
<ORACLE_HOME>/bin/emca -deconfig dbcontrol db - 干掉已有的DB Control配置和资料库，然后重建
<ORACLE_HOME>/bin/emca -config dbcontrol db -repos recreate
上面的命令都是针对单实例的，如果是RAC环境，每个命令后面还要加上个 -cluster。
实例
这是一个三节点组成的RAC，配置过程一波三折，特此记录，也给读者一点借鉴：
第一次配置
[oracle@indexserver1 bin]$ emca -config dbcontrol db -repos create -cluster ... Jul 6, 2012 11:30:03 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.GeneralUtil initSQLEngineRemotely WARNING: Error during db connection : ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor Jul 6, 2012 11:30:08 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.GeneralUtil initSQLEngineRemotely WARNING: ORA-01031: insufficient privileges ....
第一次执行，以两个错误终止。
这里有两个ORA错误，一个是无法建立链接，一个是权限不够。我们依次解决这两个问题。
先来看无法建立链接问题（ORA-12514）
1、看监听器里注册了哪些服务
需要看两个监听器，一个VIP监听器，一个SCAN监听器。我们需要知道这两个监听器的名字：
[grid@indexserver1 ~]$ ps -ef|grep tnsl grid 573 32420 0 11:16 pts/1 00:00:00 grep tnsl grid 2896 1 0 Jul05 ? 00:00:01 /u01/app/11.2.0.2/grid/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER_SCAN3 -inherit grid 16897 1 0 Jul05 ? 00:00:01 /u01/app/11.2.0.2/grid/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER –inherit
2、然后我们看SCAN监听器中的服务有哪些：
[grid@indexserver1 ~]$ lsnrctl status listener_scan3 LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on 06-JUL-2012 11:16:51 Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN3))) STATUS of the LISTENER ----------------------- Alias LISTENER_SCAN3 Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production Start Date 05-JUL-2012 14:13:11 Uptime 0 days 21 hr. 3 min. 40 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/11.2.0.2/grid/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/11.2.0.2/grid/log/diag/tnslsnr/indexserver1/listener_scan3/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN3))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.86)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "wxxrdb" has 3 instance(s). Instance "wxxrdb1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Instance "wxxrdb2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Instance "wxxrdb3", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "wxxrdbXDB" has 3 instance(s). Instance "wxxrdb1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Instance "wxxrdb2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Instance "wxxrdb3", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
3、再和本地的VIP监听器对比一下，看看有什么区别：
[grid@indexserver1 ~]$ lsnrctl status listener LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on 06-JUL-2012 11:34:20 Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production Start Date 05-JUL-2012 13:11:46 Uptime 0 days 22 hr. 22 min. 34 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/11.2.0.2/grid/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/indexserver1/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.70)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.80)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s). Instance "+ASM4", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "wxxrdb" has 1 instance(s). Instance "wxxrdb3", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "wxxrdbXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "wxxrdb3", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
很显然，SCAN监听器中缺少ASM服务的信息，这说明ASM没有注册到SCAN监听器中。
4、数据库的注册是和两个listener参数控制的，我们分别对比ASM实例和数据库实例的参数：
ASM实例
[grid@indexserver1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM4
[grid@indexserver1 ~]$ sqlplus " / as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Fri Jul 6 11:36:00 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options
SQL> show parameter listener
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
listener_networks string
local_listener string (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(AD
DRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.
168.1.80)(PORT=1521))))
remote_listener string
5、再看数据库实例
SQL> show parameter listener
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
listener_networks string
local_listener string (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(AD
DRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.
168.1.80)(PORT=1521))))
remote_listener string indexgrid.wxxr.com.cn:1521
显然，ASM实例中的remote_listener配置有错误。
6、修改ASM参数
[grid@indexserver1 ~]$ sqlplus " / as sysdba" SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Fri Jul 6 11:38:24 2012 Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options SQL> alter system set remote_listener='indexgrid.wxxr.com.cn:1521' scope=both sid='*'; System altered. SQL> alter system register; System altered.
7、再看SCAN监听器的状态，这次正常了：
[grid@indexserver1 ~]$ lsnrctl status listener_scan3 LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on 06-JUL-2012 11:38:51 Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN3))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER_SCAN3 Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production Start Date 05-JUL-2012 14:13:11 Uptime 0 days 21 hr. 25 min. 40 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/11.2.0.2/grid/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/11.2.0.2/grid/log/diag/tnslsnr/indexserver1/listener_scan3/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN3))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.86)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "+ASM" has 4 instance(s). Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Instance "+ASM2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Instance "+ASM3", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Instance "+ASM4", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "wxxrdb" has 3 instance(s). Instance "wxxrdb1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Instance "wxxrdb2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Instance "wxxrdb3", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "wxxrdbXDB" has 3 instance(s). Instance "wxxrdb1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Instance "wxxrdb2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Instance "wxxrdb3", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
无法连接的问题应该解决了？是不是呢，我们再来做第二次配置。
oracle@indexserver1 bin]$ emca -config dbcontrol db -repos create -cluster ... Jul 6, 2012 11:47:04 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.GeneralUtil initSQLEngineRemotely WARNING: Error during db connection : ORA-01031: insufficient privileges Jul 6, 2012 11:47:09 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.GeneralUtil initSQLEngineRemotely WARNING: ORA-01031: insufficient privileges Password validation failed. Some of the possible reasons may be: 1) Invalid username/password. 2) Database is not up. 3) Scan listener not up. 4) Database service is not registered with scan listener. 5) Password file may be missing or configured incorrectly.
果然，这次只剩下了一个权限不够的错误。
未完待续 ...