nginx+keepalived实现双机热备份 故障转移 动态分离

今天做了一个实验，nginx+keepalived实现双机热备份，由于自己也是新手，所以刚开始也遇到了很多的问题，虽然原理是看懂了，但是在操作过程中还是遇到了很多的问题，在此写这篇博客记录下操作过程的一些步骤以及问题记录下来。

   在本博客中我也转载了一篇nginx+keepalived实现双机热备份，那篇文章的思想及原理写的很好，还有那个构架图，可以供参考，下来我就来贴出我实验过程的一些步骤吧：

  在此如何安装机子的环境和软件安装这里就不做介绍了，这里只贴出一些步骤和配置文件：

一、实验准备：

   front1：nginx机器  IP：192.168.1.26  (keepalived master)

   front2: nginx机器  IP: 192.168.1.27  (keepalived backup)

   VIP:192.168.1.50

   后端机子：一台安装tomcat（IP：192.168.1.11)   一台安装 php(IP:192.168.1.17)

二、实验目的：

  本实验的目的是利用nginx做反向代理，负载均衡，实现利用前端机子的nginx实现动态分离的效果，让.jsp文件丢给后端的tomcat机子处理，让.php和.html文件丢个后端的php机子处理，这样可以减少前端的负载，实现负载均衡，同时我们也需要在前端搭建两台front，目的是实现高可用，稳定性，实现故障转移，当前端front一台主挂掉的情况下在5秒内自动切换到从上，避免单点故障的发生

三、参考架构图（图为转载）

  

四、实验步骤：

 准备四台机子，两台做前端（front),两台后端机子，一台运行tomcat，一台运行php

各自搭建好环境，这里环境搭建就不介绍了，

搭建好环境之后，我们来配置front机子的nginx配置文件：

# vim /usr/local
upstream test{
    server 172.28.14.142:81;
}

upstream tomcat {
    server 192.168.1.11:8080;
}

upstream nginx {
    server 192.168.1.17:80;
}

   ############# server ################
   server {
       listen       80;
       server_name  www.abc.com;
root /usr/local/www/abc;
index index.php index.jsp index.do index.html index.htm;

       location / {
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
    include fastcgi_params;


    proxy_pass http://nginx;
}
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
    proxy_pass http://nginx;
    root /usr/local/www/abc;
    include fastcgi_params;
    index index.php;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
    include /usr/local/nginx/conf/proxy_store_off.conf;
}
location ~ .*\.(jsp|do|jspx)?$ {
    proxy_pass http://tomcat;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarder-For $remote_addr;
    include /usr/local/nginx/conf/proxy_store_off.conf;
}
location ~ .*\.(html|htm)?$ {
    index index.html;
    proxy_pass http://nginx;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
    expires 1h;
}
location ~ .*\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|bwp|swf)?$ {
    expires 30d;
}
location ~ .*\.(css|js)?$ {
    expires 1h;
}
access_log /var/log/www.abc.com.log main;
   }
# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/proxy_store_off.conf
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
 proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
 proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
 client_max_body_size 50m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
proxy_connect_timeout 300;
proxy_send_timeout 300;
proxy_read_timeout 300;
proxy_buffer_size 32k;
proxy_buffers 4 64k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
 proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
 proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
 proxy_store off;

 到此，前端的配置完成，如果没有出错的话都可以实现，接下来就来提出后端机子的nginx配置，其他的就不再做介绍了

 

server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.abc.com;
    root /usr/local/www/abc;
    index index.php index.jsp index.do index.html index.htm;

        location / {
        root /usr/local/www/abc;
        index index.html index.php index.jsp index.do default.do;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
        include fastcgi_params;
        include /usr/local/nginx/conf/proxy_store_off.conf;
    }
    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
        root /usr/local/www/abc;
        include fastcgi_params;
        index index.php;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
        include /usr/local/nginx/conf/proxy_store_off.conf;
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
                fastcgi_index  index.php;
                fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /usr/local/www/abc$fastcgi_script_name;
            fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
                fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
                fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
                fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;
                fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
    }
    location ~ .*\.(jsp|do|jspx)?$ {
        proxy_pass http://tomcat;
        root /usr/local/www/abc;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarder-For $remote_addr;
        include /usr/local/nginx/conf/proxy_store_off.conf;
    }
    location ~ .*\.(html|htm)?$ {
        root /usr/local/www/abc;
        index index.html ;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
        expires 1h;
    }
    location ~ .*\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|bwp|swf)?$ {
        expires 30d;
    }
    location ~ .*\.(css|js)?$ {
        expires 1h;
    }
    access_log /var/log/www.abc.com.log.log main;
    }

}

接下来可以来启动下nginx和keepalived进行测试结果，首先我们来启动keepalived主服务器的，并且查看日志：# service keepalived start

Jan 10 16:10:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Script(chk_http_port) succeeded
Jan 10 16:10:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
Jan 10 16:10:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Jan 10 16:10:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
Jan 10 16:10:18 localhost avahi-daemon[3490]: Registering new address record for 192.168.1.50 on eth0.
Jan 10 16:10:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.1.50

从服务器keepalived日志

Jan 10 16:11:48 front2 Keepalived_vrrp[15836]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
Jan 10 16:11:48 front2 Keepalived_vrrp[15836]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), fd(11,12)]
Jan 10 16:11:48 front2 Keepalived_vrrp[15836]: VRRP_Script(chk_http_port) succeeded

接下来可以自己杀掉主的nginx进程看是否会自动启动nginx，也可以测试停掉主的keepalived进程，查看是否从keepalived日志有接管过来，在查看nginx日志

 

到此结束，由于自己能力有限，只能给大家提供这些参考了，哪里有错误的还请大家指正，谢谢