Linux常用命令笔记---认识与维护内核与设备管理

加载：inmod(使用的模块名不包括ko的那一部分)

卸载：rmmod

显示：lsmod

显示模块发布信息：modinfo

功能整合命令：modprobe

modprobe -r：删除

modprobe -l：显示

启动过程的假根：ramdisk由initrd.img生成

/proc文件系统：cpuinfo,partitions,meminfo,

               sys/kernel/hostname,sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward,

               sys/vm/drop_caches,sys/vm/swappiness(交换分区情况)

核心参数配置文件：
[root@szm bash]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf 

 

# Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux

#

# For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled.  See sysctl(8) and

# sysctl.conf(5) for more details.

 

# Controls IP packet forwarding

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

 

# Controls source route verification

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

 

# Do not accept source routing

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

 

# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel

kernel.sysrq = 0

 

# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.

# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.

kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

 

# Controls the use of TCP syncookies

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

 

# Disable netfilter on bridges.

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0

 

# Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue

kernel.msgmnb = 65536

 

# Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes

kernel.msgmax = 65536

 

# Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

 

# Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages

kernel.shmall = 268435456

 

重写/etc/sysctl.conf
[root@szm bash]# sysctl --help

usage:  sysctl [-n] [-e] variable ... 

        sysctl [-n] [-e] [-q] -w variable=value ... 

        sysctl [-n] [-e] -a 

        sysctl [-n] [-e] [-q] -p <file>   (default /etc/sysctl.conf) 

        sysctl [-n] [-e] -A

 

向/dev下添加设备文件：

[root@szm bash]# mknod /dev/usbdevice b 8 0 ---（类型 主号  从号）重启消失

重启生效做如下设置：[root@szm bash]# cat /etc/udev/rule.d

KERNEL=="sdb",NAME="usbkey",SYMLINK="usbstorage"

自己现sdb设备时，在/dev下创建一个设备文件，名为usbkey，类型是符号链接

 

探测新设备：

[root@szm bash]# service kudzu start

 

对于PC架构来说，PCI总线与usb总线是最重要的两种总线，lspci,lsusb

 

[root@szm bash]# hal-device