Cobbler部署指南之FAQ处理篇

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《Cobbler部署指南》系列

1、《Cobbler部署指南之安装篇》http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1166589

2、《Cobbler部署指南之配置管理篇[上文]》http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1166921

3、《Cobbler部署指南之配置管理篇[下文]》http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1166932

4、《Cobbler部署指南之yum仓库配置管理篇》http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1166936

5、《Cobbler部署指南之Cobbler安装操作系统篇》http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1166947

6、《Cobbler部署指南之安装虚拟化Xen系统篇》http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1166950

7、《Cobbler部署指南之电源管理篇》http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1166957

8、《Cobbler部署指南之FAQ处理篇》http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1167078

九、Cobbler报错处理

通过cobbler check检查出现的报错

红色标注为报错关键信息

9.1 报错一

# cobbler check
httpd does not appear to be running and proxying cobbler, or SELinux isin the way. Original traceback:
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py", line 184, in check_setup
 s.ping()
 File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1096, in __call__
return self.__send(self.__name, args)
 File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1383, in __request
 verbose=self.__verbose
 File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1129, in request
 self.send_content(h, request_body)
 File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1243, in send_content
connection.endheaders()
 File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/httplib.py", line 804, in endheaders
 self._send_output()
 File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/httplib.py", line 685, in _send_output
 self.send(msg)
 File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/httplib.py", line 652, in send
 self.connect()
 File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/httplib.py", line 636, inconnect
 raise socket.error, msg
error: (111, 'Connection refused')

解决启动httpd服务

service httpd start
Starting httpd: Syntax error on line 10 of /etc/httpd/conf.d/cobbler.conf:
Invalid command 'WSGIScriptAliasMatch', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration
 [FAILED]#启动httpd时的报错，解决方法如下

解决

vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/wsgi.conf
去掉注释
LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so
再启动httpd服务
service httpd start
Starting httpd: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using x.x.x.x for ServerName
 [ OK ]

再进行一些针对apache ServerName参数配置的处理

egrep "ServerName|Listen" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf |grep -v '#'
Listen 172.17.10.14:80
ServerName 80

官方相关资料https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/wiki/Cobbler%20web%20interface

9.2 报错二

此步共修复七个需要处理的提示，一个一个解决

# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : service dhcpd isnot running
解决：DHCP先不处理
2 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders'to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
解决：执行 cobbler get-loaders，系统将自动下载loader程序，完成提示2的修复工作。
# cobbler get-loaders
task started: 2013-03-10_103017_get_loaders
task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Sun Mar 10 10:30:17 2013)
downloading http://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
downloading http://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo
downloading http://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
downloading http://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux
downloading http://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi
downloading http://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/yaboot-1.3.14-12 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
downloading http://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.61 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
downloading http://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/menu.c32-3.61 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
downloading http://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi
downloading http://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
3 : debmirror package isnot installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
解决：提示说debmirror没安装。如果不是安装 debian之类的系统，此提示可以忽略，如果需要安装，
安装 debmirror
yum -y install debmirror
编辑注释
修改 /etc/debmirror.conf 配置文件，注释掉 @dists 和 @arches 两行
sed -i 's|@dists=.*|#@dists=|' /etc/debmirror.conf
sed -i 's|@arches=.*|#@arches=|' /etc/debmirror.conf
4 : ksvalidator was not found, install pykickstart
解决：安装ksvalidator
 yum install pykickstart -y

5 : The defaultpassword used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still setto'cobbler'and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'"to generate new one
解决：修改cobbler用户的默认密码，可以使用如下命令生成密码，并使用生成后的密码替换/etc/cobbler/settings中 default_password_crypted 的密码。
生成密码命令：
#openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here''[任意密码]'
openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here''hexun'
$1$random-p$Q1IN9LaNg7yhRKJuY50fV1

6 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

解决:安装cman工具用于电源管理
yum -y install cman
Restart cobblerd andthen run 'cobbler sync'to apply changes.
修复完毕重启cobbler服务，然后运行cobbler sync
7：修复完成以上问题后，同步信息再检查
/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart
Stopping cobbler daemon: [ OK ]
Starting cobbler daemon: [ OK ]
再次检查，又报错
cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : The defaultpassword used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still setto'cobbler'and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'"to generate new one
Restart cobblerd andthen run 'cobbler sync'to apply changes.
报错原因是上面的第五个问题没完全解决，仅仅生成了密钥，没有放入cobbler主配置文件
vim /etc/cobbler/settings
default_password_crypted: "$1$random-p$Q1IN9LaNg7yhRKJuY50fV1"
再重启服务
/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart
Stopping cobbler daemon: [ OK ]
Starting cobbler daemon: [ OK ]
cobbler check
No configuration problems found. All systems go.
执行cobbler sync
cobbler sync
task started: 2013-03-10_105055_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sun Mar 10 10:50:55 2013)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
略
received on stdout: Shutting down dhcpd: [ OK ]
Starting dhcpd: [ OK ]
received on stderr:
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
执行cobbler sync会重启相关服务，DHCP服务也会启动了，第一个提示也就解决了，下面也有说明

9.3 报错三

[root@cobbler-1014 x86_64]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd restart
Stopping cobbler daemon: [FAILED]
Starting cobbler daemon: [ OK ]
[root@cobbler-1014 x86_64]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : service dhcpd isnot running
Restart cobblerd andthen run 'cobbler sync'to apply changes.

执行cobbler sync即可启动dhcp服务

cobbler sync

9.4 报错四

使用koan重装系统时报错

koan --server=172.17.10.14 --list=profiles
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "/usr/bin/koan", line 18, in ?
 import koan.app as app
 File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/koan/app.py", line 64, in ?
 import configurator
 File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/koan/configurator.py", line 36, in ?
 import simplejson as json
ImportError: No module named simplejson

解决：需要安装simplejson软件包，
最新版下载地址：http://pypi.python.org/pypi/simplejson/
最新版的simplejson要求python 2.6+以上的,CntOS5.8是Python 2.4.3，所以下载的simplejson-2.0.9.tar.gz版本
https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/simplejson/simplejson-2.0.9.tar.gz
安装步骤:
访问外网下载文件setuptools-0.6c7-py2.4.egg
如没有外网可以通过其他机器下载https://pypi.python.org/packages/2.4/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c7-py2.4.egg
然后上传至客户机再继续安装

tar zxf simplejson-2.0.9.tar.gz
cd simplejson-2.0.9
python setup.py install

建议CentOS5.8 安装此版本的koan使用可以避免此问题
ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/epel/5/i386/koan-1.6.6-1.el5.noarch.rpm

9.5 报错五

koan --server=172.17.10.14 --virt-name=testvm --virt --profile=centos5.8-xen-x86_64
- looking for Cobbler at http://172.17.10.14:80/cobbler_api
- reading URL: http://172.17.10.14/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/centos5.8-xen-x86_64
install_tree: http://172.17.10.14/cblr/links/centos5.8-xen-x86_64
xen package needs to be installed

Xen 宿主机安装虚拟机时提示没有安装xen软件包
解决：

yum install xen -y

执行此命令会安装一共9个软件包，如下

Running Transaction
 Installing : bridge-utils 1/9
 Installing : cyrus-sasl-md5 2/9
 Installing : ebtables 3/9
 Installing : e4fsprogs-libs 4/9
 Installing : xen-libs 5/9
 Installing : libvirt 6/9
 Installing : libvirt-python 7/9
 Installing : python-virtinst 8/9
 Installing : xen 9/9

9.6 报错六

koan --server=172.17.10.14 --virt-name=testvm --virt --profile=centos5.8-xen-x86_64
- looking for Cobbler at http://172.17.10.14:80/cobbler_api
- reading URL: http://172.17.10.14/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/centos5.8-xen-x86_64
install_tree: http://172.17.10.14/cblr/links/centos5.8-xen-x86_64
xend needs to be started

解决：
报错原因是xend服务没有启动，执行以下命令处理

chkconfig xend on
/etc/init.d/xend start
#注意此过程会自动桥接网卡，可能出现短暂断网

9.7 报错七

koan --server=172.17.10.14 --virt-name=testvm --virt --profile=centos5.8-xen-x86_64
- looking for Cobbler at http://172.17.10.14:80/cobbler_api
- reading URL: http://172.17.10.14/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/centos5.8-xen-x86_64
install_tree: http://172.17.10.14/cblr/links/centos5.8-xen-x86_64
libvirtd is stopped
libvirtd needs to be running

解决：

chkconfig libvirtd on
/etc/init.d/libvirtd start

9.8 报错八

koan --server=172.17.10.14 --virt-name=testvm --virt --profile=centos5.8-xen-x86_64
- looking for Cobbler at http://172.17.10.14:80/cobbler_api
- reading URL: http://172.17.10.14/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/centos5.8-xen-x86_64
install_tree: http://172.17.10.14/cblr/links/centos5.8-xen-x86_64
libvirtd (pid 3772) is running...
downloading initrd initrd.img to /var/lib/xen/initrd.img_koan
url=http://172.17.10.14/cobbler/images/centos5.8-xen-x86_64/initrd.img
- reading URL: http://172.17.10.14/cobbler/images/centos5.8-xen-x86_64/initrd.img
downloading kernel vmlinuz to /var/lib/xen/vmlinuz_koan
url=http://172.17.10.14/cobbler/images/centos5.8-xen-x86_64/vmlinuz
- reading URL: http://172.17.10.14/cobbler/images/centos5.8-xen-x86_64/vmlinuz
- warning: old python-virtinst detected, a lot of features will be disabled
- adding disk: /var/lib/xen/images//testvm-disk0 ofsize 5 (driver type=raw)
- ['virt-install', '--connect', 'xen:///', '--name', 'testvm', '--ram', '512', '--vcpus', '1', '--uuid', '42559fd2-385f-2435-80f1-9f5005a02a81', '--autostart', '--vnc', '--paravirt', '--boot', 'kernel=/var/lib/xen/vmlinuz_koan,initrd=/var/lib/xen/initrd.img_koan,kernel_args=ks=http://172.17.10.14/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/centos5.8-xen-x86_64 ksdevice=link kssendmac lang= text ', '--os-variant', 'rhel5', '--disk', 'path=/var/lib/xen/images//testvm-disk0,size=5', '--network', 'bridge=xenbr0', '--wait', '0', '--noautoconsole']
usage: virt-install --name NAME --ram RAM STORAGE INSTALL [options]

virt-install: error: no such option: --autostart

解决

我安装的
系统版本:CentOS5.8 64bit
koan版本:koan-2.2.3-2.el5
xen版本：xen-3.0.3-142.el5_9.2
通过EPEL安装的koan版本为koan-2.2.3-2.el5，使用中报错较多，后更换为koan-1.6.6-1.el5此版本比较稳定，下载链接：ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/epel/5/i386/koan-1.6.6-1.el5.noarch.rpm

9.9 报错九

cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : comment 'dists'on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support
2 : comment 'arches'on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support
Restart cobblerd andthen run 'cobbler sync'to apply changes.

解决
关于debmirror编辑注释
修改 /etc/debmirror.conf 配置文件，注释掉 @dists 和 @arches 两行

sed -i 's|@dists=.*|#@dists=|' /etc/debmirror.conf
sed -i 's|@arches=.*|#@arches=|' /etc/debmirror.conf

9.10 报错十

/usr/bin/ipmitool power status
Could notopen device at /dev/ipmi0 or /dev/ipmi/0 or /dev/ipmidev/0: No such file or directory
Unable to get Chassis Power Status

解决

/etc/init.d/ipmi start
Starting ipmi drivers: [ OK ]
/etc/rc.d/init.d/ipmievd start
Starting ipmievd:
ipmievd: using pidfile /var/run/ipmievd.pid0
chkconfig ipmi on
chkconfig ipmievd on

再执行查看电源状态

/usr/bin/ipmitool power status
Chassis Power ison

9.11 报错十一

obbler system edit --name=host-188116 --power-address=172.17.11.20 --power-type='ipmitool' --power-user=root --power-pass=djxxxx
usage: cobbler [options]

cobbler: error: option--power-type: invalid choice: 'ipmitool' (choose from 'ack_manual', 'apc', 'apc_snmp', 'bladecenter', 'brocade', 'bullpap', 'cisco_mds', 'cisco_ucs', 'drac', 'drac5', 'egenera', 'ifmib', 'ilo', 'ilo_mp', 'ipdu', 'ipmilan', 'lpar', 'manual', 'mcdata', 'node', 'rhevm', 'rps10', 'rsa', 'rsb', 'sanbox2', 'scsi', 'scsi_test', 'tool', 'virsh', 'vixel', 'vmware', 'vmware_helper', 'vmware_soap', 'wti', 'xvm', 'xvmd')

解决
选择合适的power类型，报错后面已经列出可选参数，我这里使用的DELL PE1950应该选择ipmilan

cobbler system edit --name=host-188116 --power-address=172.17.11.20 --power-type='ipmilan' --power-user=root --power-pass=djxxxx

9.12 报错十二

电源管理相关的报错

cobbler system edit --name host-xxx --power-address=172.17.11.20 --power-type="ipmitool" --power-user=root --power-pass=passwd
power management type must be one of:

cobbler system powerstatus --name=host-xx
task started: 2013-03-28_115206_power
task started (id=Power management (status), time=Thu Mar 28 11:52:06 2013)
Exception occured: cobbler.cexceptions.CX
Exception value: 'no power type set for system'
Exception Info:
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/utils.py", line 126, in die
raise CX(msg)
Exception occured: cobbler.cexceptions.CX
Exception value: 'no power type set for system'
Exception Info:
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 89, in run
rc = self._run(self)
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 259, in runner
self.remote.power_system(object_id,self.options.get("power",""),token,logger=self.logger)
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 1919, in power_system
rc=self.api.power_status(obj, user=None, password=None, logger=logger)
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/api.py", line 1041, in power_status
return action_power.PowerTool(self._config, system, self, user, password, logger = logger).power("status")
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/action_power.py", line 74, in power
utils.die(self.logger,"no power type set for system")
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/utils.py", line 134, in die
raise CX(msg)
!!! TASK FAILED !!!

cobbler system powerstatus --name=host-188116
task started: 2013-03-28_124153_power
task started (id=Power management (status), time=Thu Mar 28 12:41:53 2013)
cobbler power configuration is:
type : ipmilan
address: 172.17.11.20
user : root
id :
running: /usr/sbin/fence_ipmilan
received on stdout: Getting status of IPMI:172.17.11.20...Chassis power = On
Done
received on stderr:
Exception occured: cobbler.cexceptions.CX
Exception value: "command succeeded (rc=0), but output ('Getting status of IPMI:172.17.11.20...Chassis power = On\nDone\n') was not understood"
Exception Info:
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/utils.py", line 126, in die
raise CX(msg)
Exception occured: cobbler.cexceptions.CX
Exception value: "command succeeded (rc=0), but output ('Getting status of IPMI:172.17.11.20...Chassis power = On\nDone\n') was not understood"
Exception Info:
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 89, in run
rc = self._run(self)
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 259, in runner
self.remote.power_system(object_id,self.options.get("power",""),token,logger=self.logger)
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 1919, in power_system
rc=self.api.power_status(obj, user=None, password=None, logger=logger)
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/api.py", line 1041, in power_status
return action_power.PowerTool(self._config, system, self, user, password, logger = logger).power("status")
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/action_power.py", line 116, in power
utils.die(self.logger,"command succeeded (rc=%s), but output ('%s') was not understood" % (rc, output))
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/utils.py", line 134, in die
raise CX(msg)
!!! TASK FAILED !!!

解决方法详见步骤8.2、8.3，详细如下：

8.2 安装电源管理工具cman

yum install cman -y

Cobbler代码维护者jimi告知：某些系统版本将执行程序安装在/sbin/目录下，通过rpm -ql cman查看，CentOS5.8下如此解决即可

ln -s /sbin/fence_* /usr/sbin/

8.3 修改电源管理python脚本

备份

cp/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/action_power.py /usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/action_power.py.$(date +%F)

编辑

vim /usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/action_power.py

删除或注释此文件如下代码

utils.die(self.logger,"command succeeded (rc=%s), but output ('%s') was not understood" % (rc, output))

删除文件action_power.pyo 、 action_power.pyc

这两个文件在目录/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/下

重启cobbler，注意一定是重启cobbler

cobbler reboot

步骤8.2、8.3是我在使用电源管理中发现的问题，后通过github与Cobbler代码维护者jimi沟通解决的，非常感谢他的帮助，详见

https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/issues/426

10. DHCP非Cobbler本机

因为有的同学生产环境已有DHCP服务，Cobbler本机可以不用再安装配置DHCP，步骤如下：

配置不管理DHCP

vim /etc/cobbler/settings

manage_dhcp: 0

重启cobbler

/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart

检查配置

cobbler check

同步配置

cobbler sync

DHCP服务配置next-server 指向cobbler服务器IP即可，例如

subnet 192.168.10.0 netmask255.255.255.0 {

range 192.168.10. 192.168.10.240;

option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;

option routers 192.168.10.254;

next-server 192.168.4.194;

filename"pxelinux.0";

}

《Cobbler部署指南》参考资料：

https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/wiki

cobbler、koan man手册及help命令帮助

《Cobbler部署指南》系列至此告一段落，更多内容请一起交流或参考Cobbler github。

《Cobbler部署指南》系列文档下载：http://down.51cto.com/data/745895