详细讲解cobbler无人值守pxe网络安装centos

Centos批量安装部署

一.安装epel源

[root@server1~]#

wget http://dl.Fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

（此安装包也可以到rpmsearch官网去下载）

[root@server1 ~]#rpm -ivh epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

warning:epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 217521f6

Preparing...########################################### [100%]

1:epel-release########################################### [100%]

1.安装cobbler和一些必须的包，并设置开机自动启动

[root@server1 ~]#yum -y install cobbler httpd rsync tftp-server xinetd dhcp python-ctypespykickstart cman

[root@server1 ~]#chkconfig httpd on

[root@server1 ~]#chkconfig cobblerd on

[root@server1 ~]#chkconfig dhcpd on

[root@server1 ~]#chkconfig xinetd on

[root@server1~]#/etc/init.d/iptables stop

[root@server1~]#chkconfig --level 35 iptables off

2.编辑vim/etc/cobbler/settings

[root@server1 ~]#vim /etc/cobbler/settings

next_server:127.0.0.1 修改为：next_server: 192.168.0.45（是cobbler服务器的地址）

server: 127.0.0.1 修改为： server: 192.168.0.45（是cobbler服务器的地址）

manage_dhcp: 0 修改为 manage_dhcp: 1 （1意思就是由cobbler自动管理dhcpd）

manage_rsync: 0 修改为 manage_rsync: 1 （1意思就是由cobbler自动管理rsync）

3.编辑/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

[root@server1 ~]#vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 在LoadModule附近添加以下行

LoadModulesuexec_module modules/mod_suexec.so

LoadModuledisk_cache_module modules/mod_disk_cache.so

LoadModulefile_cache_module modules/mod_file_cache.so

LoadModulemem_cache_module modules/mod_mem_cache.so

LoadModulecgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so

LoadModuleversion_module modules/mod_version.so

LoadModulewsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so <- 在这里添加这行

4.启动httpd和cobbler

[root@server1 ~]#service httpd start

启动 httpd： [确定]

[root@server1 ~]#service cobblerd start

Starting cobblerdaemon: [确定]

[root@server1 ~]#

5.编辑/etc/xinetd.d/rsync

[root@server1 ~]#vim /etc/xinetd.d/rsync

service rsync

{

disable = no 修改yes 为 no(就是启用)

socket_type = stream

wait = no

user = root

server =/usr/bin/rsync

server_args =--daemon

log_on_failure +=USERID

}

6.编辑/etc/xinetd.d/tftp

[root@server1 ~]#vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

service tftp

{

socket_type = dgram

protocol = udp

wait = yes

user = root

server =/usr/sbin/in.tftpd

server_args =-s /tftpboot

disable = no 修改yes 为 no(就是启用)

per_source = 11

cps = 100 2

flags = IPv4

}

7.编辑/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

[root@server1 ~]#vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

ddns-update-styleinterim;

allow booting;

allow bootp;

ignoreclient-updates;

set vendorclass = option vendor-class-identifier;

subnet 192.168.1.0netmask 255.255.255.0 {

option routers192.168.0.1;

optiondomain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;

option subnet-mask255.255.255.0;

rangedynamic-bootp 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.20;

filename"/pxelinux.0";

default-lease-time21600;

max-lease-time43200;

next-server$next_server;

}

8.执行检查

[root@server1 ~]#cobbler check

Thefollowing are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : somenetwork boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handlex86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent*version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, shouldinclude pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders'command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.

2 :debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debiandeployments and repositories

3 : Thedefault password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines(default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler'and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here''your-password-here'" to generate new one

Restartcobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

修复第1条：

[root@server1 ~]#cobbler get-loaders

task started:2012-12-09_055900_get_loaders

taskstarted (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Sun Dec 9 05:59:002012)

downloadinghttp://dgoodwin.Fedorapeople.org/loaders/README to/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README

downloadinghttp://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/COPYING.elilo to/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo

downloadinghttp://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot

downloadinghttp://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux

downloadinghttp://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi

downloadinghttp://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/yaboot-1.3.14-12 to/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot

downloadinghttp://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.61 to/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0

downloadinghttp://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/menu.c32-3.61 to/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32

downloadinghttp://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi

downloadinghttp://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi

*** TASKCOMPLETE *** <-看到这就代表成功完成

第2条不安装debian系统就不用修复

安装的话，下载debmirror这个对应版本的包进行安装

修复第3条：

[root@server1 ~]#openssl passwd -1 -salt 'thinkpad' '123456'

$1$thinkpad$NIq68XbeN51UgdtXiSOAE.

# thinkpad 这个是随机的数字或字母用来干扰以免被人看到 123456为root密码

然后再次编辑/etc/cobbler/settings，把以上生成的密码替换原有的密码(下面红色部分)

default_password_crypted:"$1$thinkpad$NIq68XbeN51UgdtXiSOAE."

9.导入镜像文件

镜像文件会存在/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/ 这个目录下

[root@server1log]# mkdir /mnt/CentOS5.6

[root@server1log]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/centos5.6/  （使用镜像也可以）

mount: block device/dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@server1log]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/centos5.6/ --name=centos5.6-i386 这个进行的时间比较长

taskstarted: 2012-12-09_064244_import

taskstarted (id=Media import, time=Sun Dec 9 06:42:44 2012)

Founda RedHat compatiblesignature: CentOS

addingdistros

creatingnew distro: centos5.6-xen-i386

creatingnew profile: centos5.6-xen-i386

creatingnew distro: centos5.6-i386

creatingnew profile: centos5.6-i386

associatingrepos

traversingdistro centos5.6-xen-i386

descentinto /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.6-i386

processingrepo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.6-i386

need toprocess repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.6-i386

lookingfor /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.6-i386/repodata/*comps*.xml

running:createrepo -c cache -s sha --groupfile/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.6-i386/repodata/comps.xml/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.6-i386

2644/2644- CentOS/boost-doc-1.33.1-10.el5.i386.rpm pm86.rpm

SavingPrimary metadata

Savingfile lists metadata

Savingother metadata

receivedon stderr: This option is deprecated

traversingdistro centos5.6-i386

descentinto /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.6-i386

processingrepo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.6-i386

need toprocess repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.6-i386

lookingfor /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.6-i386/repodata/*comps*.xml

running:createrepo -c cache -s sha --groupfile/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.6-i386/repodata/comps.xml/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.6-i386

2644/2644- CentOS/boost-doc-1.33.1-10.el5.i386.rpm pm86.rpm

SavingPrimary metadata

Savingfile lists metadata

Savingother metadata

receivedon stderr: This option is deprecated

associatingkickstarts

*** TASKCOMPLETE *** <-看到这就代表成功完成

10.修复之后重启cobblerd，然后做文件同步

[root@server1 ~]#service cobblerd restart

Stoppingcobbler daemon: [确定]

Startingcobbler daemon: [确定]

[root@server1 ~]#cobbler sync

taskstarted: 2012-12-09_070816_sync

taskstarted (id=Sync, time=Sun Dec 9 07:08:16 2012)

runningpre-sync triggers

cleaningtrees

removing:/var/www/cobbler/images/centos5.6-i386

removing:/var/www/cobbler/images/centos5.6-xen-i386

removing:/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

removing:/tftpboot/grub/efidefault

removing:/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi

removing:/tftpboot/grub/images

removing:/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi

removing:/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list

copyingbootloaders

tryinghardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi-> /tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi

tryinghardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi-> /tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi

copyingdistros to tftpboot

copyingfiles for distro: centos5.6-xen-i386

tryinghardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.6-i386/images/xen/vmlinuz-> /tftpboot/images/centos5.6-xen-i386/vmlinuz

tryinghardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.6-i386/images/xen/initrd.img-> /tftpboot/images/centos5.6-xen-i386/initrd.img

copyingfiles for distro: centos5.6-i386

tryinghardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.6-i386/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz-> /tftpboot/images/centos5.6-i386/vmlinuz

tryinghardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.6-i386/images/pxeboot/initrd.img-> /tftpboot/images/centos5.6-i386/initrd.img

copyingimages

generatingPXE configuration files

generatingPXE menu structure

copyingfiles for distro: centos5.6-xen-i386

tryinghardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.6-i386/images/xen/vmlinuz-> /var/www/cobbler/images/centos5.6-xen-i386/vmlinuz

tryinghardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.6-i386/images/xen/initrd.img-> /var/www/cobbler/images/centos5.6-xen-i386/initrd.img

copyingfiles for distro: centos5.6-i386

tryinghardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.6-i386/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz-> /var/www/cobbler/images/centos5.6-i386/vmlinuz

tryinghardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.6-i386/images/pxeboot/initrd.img-> /var/www/cobbler/images/centos5.6-i386/initrd.img

renderingDHCP files

generating/etc/dhcpd.conf

renderingTFTPD files

generating/etc/xinetd.d/tftp

cleaninglink caches

renderingRsync files

runningpost-sync triggers

runningpython triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

runningpython trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services

running:dhcpd -t -q

receivedon stdout:

receivedon stderr:

running:service dhcpd restart

receivedon stdout: 关闭 dhcpd：[确定]

启动 dhcpd：[确定]

receivedon stderr:

runningshell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

runningpython triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

runningpython trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track

runningshell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

*** TASKCOMPLETE *** <-看到这就代表成功完成

查看导入结果：
[root@server1 ~]# cobbler distro list
centos5.6-i386 <- 这是刚刚导入的镜像的名字
centos5.6-xen-i386

11.启动xinetd服务

[root@server1 ~]#service xinetd start

12.先使用默认的kickstart配置文件来新建虚拟机测试

/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample.ks这个是默认的，如果不为每个导入的镜像设置单独的配置，那么就默认会使用这个

虚拟机安装测试不多说

安装完成之后会自动重启，重启后系统安装好了。

13、添加定制系统安装软件包

1、在终端输入system-config-kickstart调出软件包定制工具

2、选择好要安装的软件包后点击文件预览软件包

3、复制选择软件包到kickstart目录

vim/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample.ks

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T

# System authorization information

auth --useshadow  --enablemd5

# System bootloader configuration

bootloader --location=mbr

# Partition clearing information

clearpart --all --initlabel

# Use text mode install

text

# Firewall configuration

firewall --enabled

# Run the Setup Agent on first boot

firstboot --disable

# System keyboard

keyboard us

# System language

lang en_US

# Use network installation

url --url=$tree

# If any cobbler repo definitions werereferenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.

$yum_repo_stanza

# Network information

$SNIPPET('network_config')

# Reboot after installation

reboot

#Root password

rootpw 123456

# SELinux configuration

selinux --disabled

# Do not configure the X Window System

skipx

# System timezone

timezone America/New_York

# Install OS instead of upgrade

install

# Clear the Master Boot Record

zerombr

# Allow anaconda to partition the system asneeded

Autopart

%pre

$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')

$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')

$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')

# Enable installation monitoring

$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')

%packages

$SNIPPET('func_install_if_enabled')

$SNIPPET('puppet_install_if_enabled')

@gnome-software-development

@base-x

@base

@chinese-support                所选软件包

@gnome-desktop

@graphical-internet

@admin-tools

@system-tools

@web-server

%post

$SNIPPET('log_ks_post')

# Start yum configuration

$yum_config_stanza

# End yum configuration

$SNIPPET('post_install_kernel_options')

$SNIPPET('post_install_network_config')

$SNIPPET('func_register_if_enabled')

$SNIPPET('puppet_register_if_enabled')

$SNIPPET('download_config_files')

$SNIPPET('koan_environment')

$SNIPPET('redhat_register')

$SNIPPET('cobbler_register')

# Enable post-install boot notification

$SNIPPET('post_anamon')

# Start final steps

$SNIPPET('kickstart_done')

# End final steps

###############################################################################

FAQ

1、dhcp错误

[root@server1 ~]# service dhcpd start
启动 dhcpd： [失败]

查看/var/log/message 看到启动dhcp的过程中发现以下错误，

Dec 9 06:19:23 server1dhcpd: ** You must add a global ddns-update-style statement to /etc/dhcpd.conf.
Dec 9 06:19:23 server1 dhcpd: To get the same behaviour as in 3.0b2pl11 andprevious
Dec 9 06:19:23 server1 dhcpd: versions, add a line that says"ddns-update-style ad-hoc;"
Dec 9 06:19:23 server1 dhcpd: Please read the dhcpd.conf manual page for moreinformation. **

主要原因是：

文件/etc/cobbler/settings里面

manage_dhcp: 0 没有修改为1 造成的

修改为1之后，

重启cobblerd,然后做一次 cobbler sync(cobbler会把dhcp.template里面的内容复制到了/etc/dhcpd.conf)，就会自动的把dhcpd启动起来.

2.启动cobbler

[root@localhostserver1]# setenforce 0

[root@localhost server1]#getenforce

Permissive

[root@localhost server1]# service cobblerd start

Startingcobbler daemon: No module namedctypes

Traceback(most recent call last):

File "/usr/bin/cobblerd", line 76,in main

  api = cobbler_api.BootAPI(is_cobblerd=True)

File"/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/api.py", line127, in__init__

  module_loader.load_modules()

File"/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/module_loader.py",line 62,in load_modules

  blip = __import__("modules.%s" % (modname), globals(), locals(),[modname])

File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/modules/authn_pam.py",line53, in ?

  from ctypes import CDLL, POINTER, Structure,CFUNCTYPE, cast, pointer,sizeof

ImportError:No module named ctypes

                                                        [  OK ]

解决：

yum install �Cy python-ctypes

#service cobblerd start

Startingcobbler daemon:                                   [  OK  ]

3、较验cobblercheck出错

Traceback (most recent call last):

 File "/usr/bin/cobbler", line 35,in ?

   sys.exit(app.main())

 File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py",line 558, in main

   rc = cli.run(sys.argv)

 File"/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py", line 202, in run

   self.token         = self.remote.login("",self.shared_secret)

 File"/usr/lib64/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1096, in __call__

   return self.__send(self.__name, args)

 File"/usr/lib64/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1383, in __request

   verbose=self.__verbose

 File"/usr/lib64/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1147, in request

   return self._parse_response(h.getfile(),sock)

 File"/usr/lib64/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1286, in _parse_response

   return u.close()

 File"/usr/lib64/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 744, in close

   raise Fault(**self._stack[0])

xmlrpclib.Fault:<Fault 1: "cobbler.cexceptions.CX:'login failed'">

解决方法：此为BUG，按下方操作执行即可。

service cobblerdrestart

cobblerget-loaders

4、cobblerd校验错误：

cobblerddoes not appear to be running/accessible

解决方法：

service cobblerdstart

service httpdstart

5、httpd、SELinux未运行：

httpddoes not appear to be running and proxying cobbler, or SELinux is in the way.Original traceback:

Traceback(most recent call last):

解决方法：

service httpdstart

vi/etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=enforcing更改为SELINUX=disabled，重启使之生效。

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