Microsoft Exchange Server 2010 Logs/Exchange 2010的各种日志
Location of Exchange Logs
Whenever you get a problem in Exchange 2010 I guarantee that one of the logs will provide vital clues to find the root cause. The hidden agenda of this page is to open your eyes to the numerous types of Exchange logs, and show you where to find them.
Topics for Exchange Server 2010 Logs
Location and Types of Exchange Logs
Event Viewer: Application Log
Setup.log and Exchange Server Setup Progress.log
SMTP 4 Types - W3C Extended, ODBC, Microsoft IIS and NCSA
Message Tracking
Transaction Logs (Circular Logging)
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Location and Types of Exchange Logs
Microsoft is not perfect. However, I have always felt that from the earliest Windows operating systems Microsoft provides lots of troubleshooting information in their logs.
The reason that Exchange 2010 has so many logs in so many locations is simply because it has so many components. On an Exchange server there are database logs for the mailstore, Windows 2008 application logs, SMTP protocol logs and virus logs. If that is not enough, you can create your own performance logs.
Unfortunately there is no central location to view all these Exchange related logs, therefore you have to start exploring locations such as the \exchsrvr folder, Event Viewer and even the root of the C:\ or D:\ drive.
Event Viewer: Application Log
Whenever I get an email problem, I try and make myself look in the Event Viewer earlier, rather than later in the troubleshooting process. Therefore in the case of Exchange 2010, I urge you to begin with the Application Log. People often say 'finding the problem is like looking for a needle in a haystack'. My reply is: ' master Event Viewer's Filter '. Click on the View Menu, Filter and select one of these from the Event Source box.
MSExchangeAL - Addressing Email
MSExchangeIS - IIS Access
MSExchangeSA - Active Directory related
MSExchangeTransport - SMTP Routing
POP3Svc
Event Viewer: System Log
Using the same technique that I described above for the Application log, investigate these categories, remember the key menu is Filter source:
SMTPSVC - SMTP Service
W3SVC - IIS
MSExchangeIS Mailbox Store
ClusSvc - Cluster Service
Setup.log and Exchange Server Setup Progress.log
Exchange also has two setup logs to troubleshoot install programs. These files are created in the root of the drive where the Exchange 2010 binaries are installed. For example look in C:\ or D:\. These files give reasons why setup failed. Perhaps Exchange 2010 could not extend the schema, or encountered problems overwriting priv1.edb in the MDBDATA folder. I once used the progress log to solve a replication problem when migrating from Exchange 5.5.
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Exchange 2010 Server SMTP Logs
In Exchange 2010 server, SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol) has several shades of meaning. On this page I use the word SMTP in the context of understanding logs. These SMTP logs contain records of each server's email conversations. However, bear in mind that the acronym SMTP has other connotations, for example, SMTP Virtual Server, the SMTP service in IIS and SMTP routing connections.
Creating SMTP logs
Let us take the situation where one server is collecting email, but only intermittently. We would like to investigate the SMTP conversation between two Exchange 2010 servers and thus discover the cause of the problem. Here is a classic job for SMTP protocol logging.
There are two ways of locating the diagram opposite, either visit IIS, or launch the Exchange System Manager, navigate to Protocols folder and click on the SMTP server icon.
Choice of SMTP Log Formats
You have 4 methods for collecting SMTP conversations:
W3C Extended Log File Format
NCSA Common Log File Format
ODBC Logging
Microsoft IIS Log File Format
The default log format is W3C Extended. This format is the best way to get started with SMTP logging. However, when you need more extensive search capabilities, such as investigating a SQL database, then select ODBC Logging.
W3C Extended Log File Format
The W3C format is my favourite SMTP logging method. In particular, I like the flexibility provided by extended properties on the advanced tab. Here is the output of log where I chose to record the client IP, the SMTP method, and the reply code or sc-status.
#Software: Internet Information Services 6.0
#Version: 1.0
#Date: 2006-02-03 15:18:43
#Fields: time c-ip cs-method cs-uri-stem sc-status
Explanation:
#Software: IIS v 6.0 (Probably from a Windows Server 2010)
#Version: 1.0 Means W3C Extended log format (Not ODBC)
#Date: Probably USA day month format.
#Fields: As the name field suggests the column heading for the data recorded. Example, cs-uri-stem means the resource requested.
Understanding the SMTP codes
s- means server, whereas sc- means server to client. For example sc-bytes means the number of bytes sent by the server. c- I expect that you have already guessed, c- means client.
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Mail Transfer conversation
#Fields: time c-ip cs-method sc-status
15:18:11 10.2.1.10 HELO 250
15:18:13 10.2.1.10 MAIL 250
15:18:19 10.2.1.10 RCPT 250
15:18:29 10.2.1.10 DATA 250
15:18:31 10.2.1.10 QUIT 240
Possible SMTP methods found under cs-method: HELO, MAIL, RCPT, DATA and QUIT.
sc-status value of 250. Server to client transactions, which return a value 250, means O.K. (421 would mean service not available, or 554 would mean transaction failed).
Locating the Log Output
Finding the location of the SMTP logs is not trivial. Whereas many programs output their events to the Application log, SMTP Logs are to be found under the "%windir%\system32\logfiles\SMTPSVC1*. Typically, you get a one log for each day, so double click the file that you are interested in and notepad will open the log and display the data.
All W3C Extended Log File Format files begin with ex, for example exyyddmm.log
* Corrected by Juha (Guy thought it was %windir%\system32\logfiles\W3SVC1)
If you click Start (Menu), Run, Logfiles (Type), now you should see the Windows Explorer open the correct directory to find your SMTP logs.
What to look out for
Open Relaying - Symptoms your server is sending mail that you do not recognise to an external server. Moreover it's not just one email but a whole load of possible spam messages.
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SMTP Microsoft Exchange Server 2010 - SMTP Logs
This page is designed to help you understand SMTP logs. Exchange relies on IIS to provide protocol logging. Of the four formats available, W3C Extended Log File Format provides the greatest choice of output. ODBC logging is useful if you have a SQL database and need to query a large amount of data. To check your SMTP logs, click Start (menu), run, logfiles. Try SolarWinds Storage and Response Time Manager
Summary of Exchange Server 2010 Logs
When you are troubleshooting Exchange 2010, collect the evidence by going first to the event logs. Also explore the variety of locations and types of logs that Exchange 2010 has to offer. Find out where to turn the logs on, and discover how to interpret the output data.