LAB:讨论帧中继模式下OSPF的特性




要求:R2只配置一条DLCIR1R3只配置一条DLCIR1



基本配置

R1

interface Loopback0

ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

ip ospf network point-to-point


interface Serial1/0

ip address 123.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

encapsulation frame-relay

serial restart-delay 0

no arp frame-relay

frame-relay map ip 123.1.1.3 103 broadcast

frame-relay map ip 123.1.1.2 102 broadcast

no frame-relay inverse-arp


router ospf 1

router-id 1.1.1.1

log-adjacency-changes

network 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

network 123.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

neighbor 123.1.1.2                                      NBMA下需要手动指定邻居

neighbor 123.1.1.3



R2


interface Loopback0

ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0

ip ospf network point-to-point


interface Serial1/0

ip address 123.1.1.2 255.255.255.0

encapsulation frame-relay

serial restart-delay 0

no arp frame-relay

frame-relay map ip 123.1.1.1 201 broadcast

no frame-relay inverse-arp


router ospf 1

router-id 2.2.2.2

log-adjacency-changes

network 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

network 123.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0


R3

interface Loopback0

ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0

ip ospf network point-to-point


interface Serial1/0

ip address 123.1.1.3 255.255.255.0

encapsulation frame-relay

serial restart-delay 0

no arp frame-relay

frame-relay map ip 123.1.1.1 301 broadcast

no frame-relay inverse-arp


router ospf 1

router-id 3.3.3.3

log-adjacency-changes

network 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

network 123.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0




讨论这样的配置出现的情况

1 DR问题

此时R1作为HUB,必须要为DR,因为,邻居关系中R2只和R1做邻接,R3只和R1邻接,所以R2R3之间没有邻接关系,如果R1不是DR,那么R2R3就没有办法学习到对方的路由。

所以为了确保R1一直是DR,可以配置R2R3的接口优先级为0


R2(config-if)#ip ospf priority 0

R2(config-if)#ip ospf priority 0


2 R2R3通信问题





可以看到所有路由都学习到了,但是R2R3却无法ping通,可以看到R2去往R3 3.3.3.3的路由下一跳是123.1.1.3,这个地址在二层帧中继DLCI中没有配置,所以二层不知道如何封装,所以没有办法传递出去。R3去往2.2.2.2也是同理。


:R1上发布默认路由是没有用的,因为有精确路由存在


解决办法:


方法1  R3上加一条DLCI frame map ip 123.1.1.2 301 b, 指向R2的地址和去R1DLCI

      R2上加一条DLCI frame map ip 123.1.1.3 201 b, 指向R3的地址和去R1DLCI

配置完成后,全网互通。


方法2

      a  R2R3改成PTP,  R1接口改成PTM  (PTP不行),还需要更改hello时间此时R2R3使用环回口可以ping通,但是直接接口依旧不通,包可以到,但是对方主接口没有DLCI,所以没有办法封装(帧中继的封装是更具发送包的目的地址来封装)  配置之前默认的网络类型是NBMA,所以R1收到ping包默认其他路由器也可以收到,所以不转发。现在改成点到多点R1就会转发。


       R1(config-if)#int s1/0

       R1(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint

       R1(config-if)#ip ospf hello-interval 10      PTPbroadcast默认都是10s


      R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point

      R3(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point


R2#ping 3.3.3.3 source 2.2.2.2


Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of 2.2.2.2

!!!!

*Mar  1 01:10:58.195: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 32/52/80 ms

R2#ping 3.3.3.3


Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

.....

Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)



        bR2R3接口类型改成PTM,这是所有的都可以ping,路由表发生改变,多了32位的主机路由.


           R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint

           R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint

           R1(config-if)#no ip ospf hello-interval 10             并且恢复R1上的hello间隔


配置完成之后可以发现,在点到多点的环境里,每张路由表度增加了2条明细路由,这是点到多点的特性




之后就可以全网ping



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