PXE+NFS+FTP+kickstarter无人值守安装linux系统

1、系统环境

Centos 5.5

IP:192.168.11.5,  Gateway: 192.168.11.1

2 、使用yum方式安装软件包

  
  
  
  

   
   
   
   
yum install -y tftp* xinetd dhcpd 
  
  
  
  

3 、配置dhcp服务器

  
  
  
  

   
   
   
   
cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcpd.conf  
   
   
   
   
[root@localhost tftpboot]# vi /etc/dhcpd.conf  
   
   
   
   


   
   
   
   
ddns-update-style interim; 
   
   
   
   
ignore client-updates; 
   
   
   
   
filename "/pxelinux.0"; 
   
   
   
   
next-server 192.168.11.5; 
   
   
   
   
allow booting; 
   
   
   
   
allow bootp; 
   
   
   
   


   
   
   
   
subnet 192.168.11.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { 
   
   
   
   


   
   
   
   
# --- default gateway 
   
   
   
   
        option routers                  192.168.11.1; 
   
   
   
   
        option subnet-mask              255.255.255.0; 
   
   
   
   


   
   
   
   
        option nis-domain               "domain.org"; 
   
   
   
   
        option domain-name              "domain.org"; 
   
   
   
   
        option domain-name-servers      192.168.11.1; 
   
   
   
   


   
   
   
   
        option time-offset              -18000; # Eastern Standard Time 
   
   
   
   
#       option ntp-servers              192.168.1.1; 
   
   
   
   
#       option netbios-name-servers     192.168.1.1; 
   
   
   
   
# --- Selects point-to-point node (default is hybrid). Don't change this unless 
   
   
   
   
# -- you understand Netbios very well 
   
   
   
   
#       option netbios-node-type 2; 
   
   
   
   


   
   
   
   
        range dynamic-bootp 192.168.11.128 192.168.11.254; 
   
   
   
   
        default-lease-time 21600; 
   
   
   
   
        max-lease-time 43200; 
   
   
   
   


   
   
   
   
        # we want the nameserver to appear at a fixed address 
   
   
   
   
        host ns { 
   
   
   
   
                next-server marvin.redhat.com; 
   
   
   
   
                hardware ethernet 12:34:56:78:AB:CD; 
   
   
   
   
                fixed-address 207.175.42.254; 
   
   
   
   
        } 
   
   
   
   
} 
  
  
  
  

4、配置tftp服务器

  
  
  
  

   
   
   
   
[root@localhost tftpboot]# vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp  
   
   
   
   


   
   
   
   
# default: off 
   
   
   
   
# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \ 
   
   
   
   
#       protocol.  The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \ 
   
   
   
   
#       workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \ 
   
   
   
   
#       and to start the installation process for some operating systems. 
   
   
   
   
service tftp 
   
   
   
   
{ 
   
   
   
   
socket_type             = dgram
   
   
   
   
protocol                = udp
   
   
   
   
wait                    = yes
   
   
   
   
user                    = root
   
   
   
   
server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd 
   
   
   
   
server_args             = -u nobody -s /tftpboot #指定目录
   
   
   
   
disable                 = no  #将yes改为no
   
   
   
   
per_source              = 11
   
   
   
   
cps                     = 100 2 
   
   
   
   
flags                   = IPv4
   
   
   
   
} 
   
   
   
   
~                                                                                                           
   
   
   
   
~                                                                                                           
   
   
   
   
~                                                                                                           
   
   
   
   
~                                                                                                           
   
   
   
   
"/etc/xinetd.d/tftp" 18L, 519C 
  
  
  
  

5、配置NFS服务器，添加共享目录

  
  
  
  

   
   
   
   
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/exports  
   
   
   
   
/mnt *(ro,sync) 
   
   
   
   
/tftpboot *(ro,sync) 
  
  
  
  

6、复制pxelinux.0、initrd.img、vmlinuz、isolinux/*.msg

  
  
  
  

   
   
   
   
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt 
   
   
   
   
cp /usr/lib/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot/ 
   
   
   
   
cp /mnt/images/pxeboot/{initrd.img,vmlinuz} /tftpboot/ 
   
   
   
   
mkdir /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg 
   
   
   
   
touch /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default 
   
   
   
   
vi /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default 
   
   
   
   
default linux 
   
   
   
   
prompt 1 
   
   
   
   
timeout 600 
   
   
   
   
display boot.msg 
   
   
   
   
F1 boot.msg 
   
   
   
   
F2 options.msg 
   
   
   
   
F3 general.msg 
   
   
   
   
F4 param.msg 
   
   
   
   
F5 rescue.msg 
   
   
   
   
label linux 
   
   
   
   
  kernel vmlinuz 
   
   
   
   
#  append initrdinitrd=initrd.img 
   
   
   
   
  append initrdinitrd=initrd.img   ks=nfs:192.168.11.5:/tftpboot/ks.cfg 
   
   
   
   
label text 
   
   
   
   
  kernel vmlinuz 
   
   
   
   
  append initrdinitrd=initrd.img text  以文本模式安装 
   
   
   
   
label ks 
   
   
   
   
  kernel vmlinuz 
   
   
   
   
  append ks initrdinitrd=initrd.img 
   
   
   
   
label local 
   
   
   
   
  localboot 1 
   
   
   
   
label memtest86 
   
   
   
   
  kernel memtest 
   
   
   
   
  append - 
  
  
  
  

Pxe已经完成了，想用ks完成全自动安装的可以往下看。

7、使用kickstarter配置无人值守。

  
  
  
  

   
   
   
   
[root@localhost tftpboot]# pwd 
   
   
   
   
/tftpboot 
   
   
   
   
[root@localhost tftpboot]# ls 
   
   
   
   
initrd.img  ks.cfg  pxelinux.0  pxelinux.cfg  vmlinuz 
   
   
   
   
 [root@localhost tftpboot]# vi ks.cfg  
   
   
   
   
install 
   
   
   
   
nfs --server=192.168.11.5 --dir=/mnt 
   
   
   
   
lang en_US.UTF-8 
   
   
   
   
keyboard us 
   
   
   
   
network --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp --hostname localhost 
   
   
   
   
rootpw --iscrypted $1$kE50pGl1$imqt12NcqN6KiJGToKNZo0 
   
   
   
   
firewall --disable 
   
   
   
   
authconfig --enableshadow --enablemd5 
   
   
   
   
selinux --enforcing 
   
   
   
   
timezone Asia/Shanghai 
   
   
   
   
bootloader --location=mbr--driveorder=sda
   
   
   
   
# The following is the partition information you requested 
   
   
   
   
# Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed 
   
   
   
   
# here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is 
   
   
   
   
# not guaranteed to work 
   
   
   
   
clearpart --all --initlabel 
   
   
   
   
part /boot --fstype ext3 --size=100
   
   
   
   
part swap --size=2048
   
   
   
   
part / --fstype ext3 --size=1 --grow 
   
   
   
   


   
   
   
   
%packages 
   
   
   
   
@core 
   
   
   
   
@base 
   
   
   
   
device-mapper-multipath 
   
   
   
   
imake 
   
   
   
   
******************************************************************************* 
  
  
  
  

8、启动服务

  
  
  
  

   
   
   
   
service dhcpd start 
   
   
   
   
service xinetd start 
   
   
   
   
service portmap start  
   
   
   
   
service nfslock start 
   
   
   
   
service nfs start 
  
  
  
  

9、被安装服务器上安装测试（选择pxe启动方式）

到这一步说明我们配置的dhcp服务器起作用了，我们直接回撤，系统开始查找系统文件自动安装