工作中遇到了contentprovider数据共享机制,下面来总结一下:
一、ContentProvider简介
当应用继承ContentProvider类,并重写该类用于提供数据和存储数据的方法,就可以向其他应用共享其数据。虽然使用其他方法也可以对外共享数据,但数据访问方式会因数据存储的方式而不同,如:采用文件方式对外共享数据,需要进行文件操作读写数据;采用sharedpreferences共享数据,需要使用sharedpreferences API读写数据。而使用ContentProvider共享数据的好处是统一了数据访问方式。
二、Uri类简介
Uri代表了要操作的数据,Uri主要包含了两部分信息:1.需要操作的ContentProvider ,2.对ContentProvider中的什么数据进行操作,一个Uri由以下几部分组成:
1.scheme:ContentProvider(内容提供者)的scheme已经由Android所规定为:content://。
2.主机名(或Authority):用于唯一标识这个ContentProvider,外部调用者可以根据这个标识来找到它。
3.路径(path):可以用来表示我们要操作的数据,路径的构建应根据业务而定,如下:
• 要操作contact表中id为10的记录,可以构建这样的路径:/contact/10
• 要操作contact表中id为10的记录的name字段, contact/10/name
• 要操作contact表中的所有记录,可以构建这样的路径:/contact
要操作的数据不一定来自数据库,也可以是文件等他存储方式,如下:
要操作xml文件中contact节点下的name节点,可以构建这样的路径:/contact/name
如果要把一个字符串转换成Uri,可以使用Uri类中的parse()方法,如下:
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.changcheng.provider.contactprovider/contact")
三、UriMatcher、ContentUrist和ContentResolver简介
因为Uri代表了要操作的数据,所以我们很经常需要解析Uri,并从Uri中获取数据。Android系统提供了两个用于操作Uri的工具类,分别为UriMatcher 和ContentUris 。掌握它们的使用,会便于我们的开发工作。
UriMatcher:用于匹配Uri,它的用法如下:
1.首先把你需要匹配Uri路径全部给注册上,如下:
//常量UriMatcher.NO_MATCH表示不匹配任何路径的返回码(-1)。
UriMatcher uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
//如果match()方法匹配content://com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider/contact路径,返回匹配码为1
uriMatcher.addURI(“com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider”, “contact”, 1);//添加需要匹配uri,如果匹配就会返回匹配码
//如果match()方法匹配 content://com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider/contact/230路径,返回匹配码为2
uriMatcher.addURI(“com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider”, “contact/#”, 2);//#号为通配符
2.注册完需要匹配的Uri后,就可以使用uriMatcher.match(uri)方法对输入的Uri进行匹配,如果匹配就返回匹配码,匹配码是调用addURI()方法传入的第三个参数,假设匹配content://com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider/contact路径,返回的匹配码为1。
ContentUris:用于获取Uri路径后面的ID部分,它有两个比较实用的方法:
• withAppendedId(uri, id)用于为路径加上ID部分
• parseId(uri)方法用于从路径中获取ID部分
ContentResolver:当外部应用需要对ContentProvider中的数据进行添加、删除、修改和查询操作时,可以使用ContentResolver 类来完成,要获取ContentResolver 对象,可以使用Activity提供的getContentResolver()方法。 ContentResolver使用insert、delete、update、query方法,来操作数据。
四、ContentProvider示例程序
Manifest.xml中的代码:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
|
<application android:icon=
"@drawable/icon" android:label= "@string/app_name" >
<activity android:name=
".TestWebviewDemo" android:label= "@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name=
"android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name=
"android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
<intent-filter>
<data android:mimeType=
"vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.ruixin.login" />
</intent-filter>
<intent-filter>
<data android:mimeType=
"vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.ruixin.login" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<provider android:name=
"MyProvider" android:authorities= "com.ruixin.login" />
</application>
|
需要在<application></application>中为provider进行注册!!!!
首先定义一个数据库的工具类:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
|
public class RuiXin {
public static final String DBNAME = "ruixinonlinedb" ;
public static final String TNAME = "ruixinonline" ;
public static final int VERSION = 3 ;
public static String TID = "tid" ;
public static final String EMAIL = "email" ;
public static final String USERNAME = "username" ;
public static final String DATE = "date" ;
public static final String SEX = "sex" ;
public static final String AUTOHORITY = "com.ruixin.login" ;
public static final int ITEM = 1 ;
public static final int ITEM_ID = 2 ;
public static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.ruixin.login" ;
public static final String CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE = "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.ruixin.login" ;
public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse(
"content://"
+ AUTOHORITY + "/ruixinonline" );
}
|
然后创建一个数据库:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
|
public class DBlite extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
public DBlite(Context context) {
super (context, RuiXin.DBNAME, null , RuiXin.VERSION);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
db.execSQL(
"create table " +RuiXin.TNAME+ "(" +
RuiXin.TID+ " integer primary key autoincrement not null," +
RuiXin.EMAIL+
" text not null," +
RuiXin.USERNAME+
" text not null," +
RuiXin.DATE+ " interger not null," +
RuiXin.SEX+ " text not null);" );
}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
public void add(String email,String username,String date,String sex){
SQLiteDatabase db = getWritableDatabase();
ContentValues values =
new ContentValues();
values.put(RuiXin.EMAIL, email);
values.put(RuiXin.USERNAME, username);
values.put(RuiXin.DATE, date);
values.put(RuiXin.SEX, sex);
db.insert(RuiXin.TNAME, "" ,values);
}
}
|
接着创建一个Myprovider.java对数据库的接口进行包装:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
|
public class MyProvider extends ContentProvider{
DBlite dBlite;
SQLiteDatabase db;
private static final UriMatcher sMatcher;
static {
sMatcher =
new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
sMatcher.addURI(RuiXin.AUTOHORITY,RuiXin.TNAME, RuiXin.ITEM);
sMatcher.addURI(RuiXin.AUTOHORITY, RuiXin.TNAME+ "/#" , RuiXin.ITEM_ID);
}
@Override
public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
db = dBlite.getWritableDatabase();
int count = 0 ;
switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) {
case RuiXin.ITEM:
count = db.delete(RuiXin.TNAME,selection, selectionArgs);
break ;
case RuiXin.ITEM_ID:
String id = uri.getPathSegments().get( 1 );
count = db.delete(RuiXin.TID, RuiXin.TID+ "=" +id+(!TextUtils.isEmpty(RuiXin.TID= "?" )? "AND(" +selection+ ')' : "" ), selectionArgs);
break ;
default :
throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Unknown URI" +uri);
}
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null );
return count;
}
@Override
public String getType(Uri uri) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) {
case RuiXin.ITEM:
return RuiXin.CONTENT_TYPE;
case RuiXin.ITEM_ID:
return RuiXin.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE;
default :
throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Unknown URI" +uri);
}
}
@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
db = dBlite.getWritableDatabase();
long rowId;
if (sMatcher.match(uri)!=RuiXin.ITEM){
throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Unknown URI" +uri);
}
rowId = db.insert(RuiXin.TNAME,RuiXin.TID,values);
if (rowId> 0 ){
Uri noteUri=ContentUris.withAppendedId(RuiXin.CONTENT_URI, rowId);
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(noteUri, null );
return noteUri;
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Unknown URI" +uri);
}
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
this .dBlite = new DBlite( this .getContext());
// db = dBlite.getWritableDatabase();
// return (db == null)?false:true;
return true ;
}
@Override
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
db = dBlite.getWritableDatabase();
Cursor c;
Log.d( "-------" , String.valueOf(sMatcher.match(uri)));
switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) {
case RuiXin.ITEM:
c = db.query(RuiXin.TNAME, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null , null , null );
break ;
case RuiXin.ITEM_ID:
String id = uri.getPathSegments().get( 1 );
c = db.query(RuiXin.TNAME, projection, RuiXin.TID+ "=" +id+(!TextUtils.isEmpty(selection)? "AND(" +selection+ ')' : "" ),selectionArgs, null , null , sortOrder);
break ;
default :
Log.d( "!!!!!!" , "Unknown URI" +uri);
throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Unknown URI" +uri);
}
c.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(), uri);
return c;
}
@Override
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return 0 ;
}
}
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
|
public class Test extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
private DBlite dBlite1 = new DBlite( this );;
private ContentResolver contentResolver;
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
//先对数据库进行添加数据
dBlite1.add(email,username,date,sex);
//通过contentResolver进行查找
contentResolver = TestWebviewDemo. this .getContentResolver();
Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query(
RuiXin.CONTENT_URI,
new String[] {
RuiXin.EMAIL, RuiXin.USERNAME,
RuiXin.DATE,RuiXin.SEX }, null , null , null );
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
Toast.makeText(
TestWebviewDemo. this ,
cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.EMAIL))
+ " "
+ cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.USERNAME))
+ " "
+ cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.DATE))
+ " "
+ cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.SEX)),
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
startManagingCursor(cursor); //查找后关闭游标
}
}
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
|
public class Test extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
private ContentResolver contentResolver;
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
//通过contentResolver进行查找
contentResolver = TestWebviewDemo. this .getContentResolver();
Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query(
RuiXin.CONTENT_URI,
new String[] {
RuiXin.EMAIL, RuiXin.USERNAME,
RuiXin.DATE,RuiXin.SEX }, null , null , null );
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
Toast.makeText(TestWebviewDemo. this ,
cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.EMAIL))
+ " "
+ cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.USERNAME))
+ " "
+ cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.DATE))
+ " "
+ cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.SEX)),
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
startManagingCursor(cursor); //查找后关闭游标
}
}
|
摘自:http://www.cnblogs.com/chenglong/articles/1892029.html