制作CentOS 6.4 U盘启动安装盘(grub方式) 上

系统环境：Ubuntu 64位

  设备：Kingston(8G 实际容量7.5G)

1    插上u盘，查看是否被系统识别

root@ubuntu:~# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders, total 10485760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00051606
Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     9437183     4717568   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         9439230    10483711      522241    5  Extended
/dev/sda5         9439232    10483711      522240   82  Linux swap / Solaris
#/dev/sdb就是我的u盘了
Disk /dev/sdb: 8011 MB, 8011120640 bytes
246 heads, 40 sectors/track, 1590 cylinders, total 15646720 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000cb8e4
Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1              40    12595199     6297580   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2   *    12595200    15645599     1525200   83  Linux

 如果未能识别u盘，看内核是否加载相应模块，具体查阅http://minilinux.blog.51cto.com/4499123/1247733(CentOS加载U盘)

2  u盘分区

分区情况如下：

                      分区类型 文件系统类型  容量(根据需要调整)

           /dev/sdb1   主分区     ext4       1G

           /dev/sdb2   主分区     fat32      6.5G

先删除原有分区

root@ubuntu:~# fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 8011 MB, 8011120640 bytes
246 heads, 40 sectors/track, 1590 cylinders, total 15646720 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000cb8e4
Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1              40    12595199     6297580   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2   *    12595200    15645599     1525200   83  Linux
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-4): 1
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 2
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 8011 MB, 8011120640 bytes
246 heads, 40 sectors/track, 1590 cylinders, total 15646720 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000cb8e4
Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
root@ubuntu:~# partprobe

然后重新分区

root@ubuntu:~# fdisk /dev/sdb

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 8011 MB, 8011120640 bytes

246 heads, 40 sectors/track, 1590 cylinders, total 15646720 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x000cb8e4

  Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1              40    12595199     6297580   83  Linux

/dev/sdb2   *    12595200    15645599     1525200   83  Linux

Command (m for help): d

Partition number (1-4): 1

Command (m for help): d

Selected partition 2

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 8011 MB, 8011120640 bytes

246 heads, 40 sectors/track, 1590 cylinders, total 15646720 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x000cb8e4

  Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

root@ubuntu:~# partprobe

root@ubuntu:~# fdisk /dev/sdb

Command (m for help): m

Command action

  a   toggle a bootable flag

  b   edit bsd disklabel

  c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

  d   delete a partition

  l   list known partition types

  m   print this menu

  n   add a new partition

  o   create a new empty DOS partition table

  p   print the partition table

  q   quit without saving changes

  s   create a new empty Sun disklabel

  t   change a partition's system id

  u   change display/entry units

  v   verify the partition table

  w   write table to disk and exit

  x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

  p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)

  e   extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1

First sector (2048-15646719, default 2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-15646719, default 15646719): +1G

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

  p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)

  e   extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (1-4, default 2): 2

First sector (2099200-15646719, default 2099200):

Using default value 2099200

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2099200-15646719, default 15646719):

Using default value 15646719

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 8011 MB, 8011120640 bytes

247 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1021 cylinders, total 15646720 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x000cb8e4

  Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1            2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux

/dev/sdb2         2099200    15646719     6773760   83  Linux

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-4): 2

Hex code (type L to list codes): l

0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris        

1  FAT12           27  Hidden NTFS Win 82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-

2  XENIX root   39  Plan 9          83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-

3  XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic  84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-

4  FAT16 <32M      40  Venix 80286     85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx        

5  Extended        41  PPC PReP Boot   86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data    

6  FAT16           42  SFS             87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .

7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d  QNX4.x          88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility  

8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt        

9  AIX bootable    4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access    

a  OS/2 Boot Manag 50  OnTrack DM      94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O        

b  W95 FAT32       51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor      

c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP/M            a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs        

e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT            

f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/

10  OPUS            55  EZ-Drive        a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b

11  Hidden FAT12    56  Golden Bow      a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor      

12  Compaq diagnost 5c  Priam Edisk     a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor      

14  Hidden FAT16 <3 61  SpeedStor       ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary  

16  Hidden FAT16    63  GNU HURD or Sys af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS    

17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE

18  AST SmartSleep  65  Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto

1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure Mult bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep        

1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT            

1e  Hidden W95 FAT1 80  Old Minix      

Hex code (type L to list codes): b

Changed system type of partition 1 to b (W95 FAT32)

#设置/dev/sda1为引导分区

Command (m for help): a

Partition number (1-4): 1

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 8011 MB, 8011120640 bytes

247 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1021 cylinders, total 15646720 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x000cb8e4

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux

/dev/sdb2         2099200    15646719     6773760    b  W95 FAT32

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x

partitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additional

information.

Syncing disks.

3   格式化分区

命名第一个分区卷名为boot，ext4格式;第二个卷名为data，vfat格式

root@ubuntu:~# mkfs.ext4 -L boot /dev/sdb
sdb   sdb1  sdb2
root@ubuntu:~# mkfs.ext4 -L boot /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.5 (29-Jul-2012)
Filesystem label=boot
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
65536 inodes, 262144 blocks
13107 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456
8 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
root@ubuntu:~# mkfs.vfat -n data /dev/sdb2
mkfs.vfat 3.0.13 (30 Jun 2012)

4   安装grub相关的文件到/dev/sdb1

root@ubuntu:~# mkdir /mnt/boot -p
#/dev/sdb1挂载到/mnt/boot目录下
root@ubuntu:~# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/boot/
root@ubuntu:~# df -Th
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1      ext4      4.5G  1.8G  2.5G  41% /
udev           devtmpfs  241M  4.0K  241M   1% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     100M  332K   99M   1% /run
none           tmpfs     5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
none           tmpfs     248M     0  248M   0% /run/shm
none           tmpfs     100M     0  100M   0% /run/user
/dev/sdb1      ext4     1008M   34M  924M   4% /mnt/boot --》在这里

root@ubuntu:~# grub-install --root-directory=/mnt/ /dev/sdb1
Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time.
Installing GRUB to /dev/sdb1 as (hd1,0)...
Installation finished. No error reported.
This is the contents of the device map /mnt//boot/grub/device.map.
Check if this is correct or not. If any of the lines is incorrect,
fix it and re-run the script `grub-install'.
(fd0)   /dev/fd0
(hd0)   /dev/sda
(hd1)   /dev/sdb

grub-install是安装grub相关的文件到/dev/sdb1

查看grub文件是否存在

root@ubuntu:~# ll /mnt/boot/grub/
total 248
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Jul 23 09:33 ./
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root   4096 Jul 23 09:33 ../
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    197 Jul 23 09:33 default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     45 Jul 23 09:33 device.map
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  10552 Jul 23 09:33 e2fs_stage1_5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  10188 Jul 23 09:33 fat_stage1_5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     16 Jul 23 09:33 installed-version
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  11056 Jul 23 09:33 jfs_stage1_5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   9608 Jul 23 09:33 minix_stage1_5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  12392 Jul 23 09:33 reiserfs_stage1_5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    512 Jul 23 09:33 stage1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 148864 Jul 23 09:33 stage2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  11836 Jul 23 09:33 xfs_stage1_5

发现grub文件安装成功了！

5   安装grub主程序到MBR

root@ubuntu:~# grub
Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time.
[ Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported.   For
the   first   word,  TAB  lists  possible  command
completions.  Anywhere else TAB lists the possible
completions of a device/filename. ]
grub> root
Error 1: Filename must be either an absolute pathname or blocklist
grub> root (hd1,0)
grub> set
Possible commands are: setkey setup
grub> setup (hd1)
Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... no
Checking if "/grub/stage1" exists... yes
Checking if "/grub/stage2" exists... yes
Checking if "/grub/e2fs_stage1_5" exists... yes
Running "embed /grub/e2fs_stage1_5 (hd1)"...  21 sectors are embedded.
succeeded
Running "install /grub/stage1 (hd1) (hd1)1+21 p (hd1,0)/grub/stage2 /grub/menu.lst"... succeeded
Done.
grub> quit

从网易镜像源http://mirrors.163.com/下载CentOS-6.4-x86_64-minimal.iso

下载完毕后，使用Ultraiso打开CentOS-6.4-x86_64-minimal.iso

打开isolinux文件夹

提取initrd.img和vmlinuz文件出来

复制这两个文件到/mnt/boot/下

root@ubuntu:/mnt/boot# ll
total 35712
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root     4096 Jul 23 10:21 ./
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root     4096 Jul 23 08:37 ../
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root     4096 Jul 23 09:33 grub/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32491856 Jul 23 10:21 initrd.img
drwx------ 2 root root    16384 Jul 23 08:33 lost+found/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4043888 Jul 23 10:21 vmlinuz

umount /dev/sdb1
拨出u盘，插到windows系统下

发现识别不出fat32的文件系统

没办法，决定给u盘重新分区：(如果可以识别出来就不用再分区了，直接进入下个步骤)

分区如下

                  文件系统类型   分区类型   容量大小

/dev/sdb1       fat32               主分区     7G

/dev/sdb2       ext4                主分区    512M (引导分区)

重复上述步骤，完成后，再次在windows系统下插上u盘

看到data盘符了吗?  终于搞定了！

打开Ultraiso--》文件--》打开CentOS-6.4-x86_64-minimal.iso(前面下载好的镜像)

提取image文件夹出来

把image文件夹和CentOS-6.4-x86_64-minimal.iso都放到这里面

接下来就是测试的时候了(在vmware虚拟机下测试)

关于在虚拟机下如何用u启安装盘安装系统，请查阅http://minilinux.blog.51cto.com/4499123/1248137(使用U启安装Vmware虚拟机系统)

新建虚拟机CentOS-64-bit

一切都设置好后，打开电源

发现直接就是grub shell界面，原来grub菜单还没做

在grub shell下也可以手动引导

grub> root (hd0,1)<Tab补全>
grub> kernel /vmlinuz
grub> initrd /initrd.img
grub> boot

可以通过Tab键提示

回车，进入如下界面

选择系统安装语言，这里选择中文

选择键盘类型

因为镜像放在u盘里，所以这里选择Hard drive

选择image文件目录所在位置，放在/dev/sdb1

选择下一步

点击下一步

选择全新安装，点击下一步

设置主机名

点击下一步

设置密码(至少8位)

选择创建自定义布局

点击下一步

点击下一步

不管这个，选是。

选择将修改写入磁盘

点击更换设备

将第一BIOS驱动器更改为硬盘，如下设置    点击确定

点击下一步

这样就成功了！

最后记得在虚拟机设置中移除掉硬盘2，否则开机的时候会报错。

最后发现U盘安装盘的grub菜单还没弄，制作u盘grub菜单将在《CentOS 6.4 U盘启动安装盘(grub方式) 下》呈上。

有什么写得不到位的地方，还请大家指出！