libgdx游戏引擎开发笔记（十三）SuperJumper游戏例子的讲解（篇七）----各个物体的创建及其碰撞检测
接着上一篇，我们完成后续的扫尾工作：游戏中个物体创建及其碰撞检测,分数保存，音效处理。
1.World类：（加入所有物体，及其碰撞检测，代码里有详细注解）
package com.zhf.mylibgdx;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import com.badlogic.gdx.math.Vector2;
/**
* 统一管理世界中各个部分
* @author ZHF
*
*/
public class World {
/**世界监听器接口**/
public interface WorldListener {
//跳跃
public void jump ();
//高跳
public void highJump ();
//碰撞
public void hit ();
//收集金币
public void coin ();
}
//宽和高
public static final float WORLD_WIDTH = 10;
public static final float WORLD_HEIGHT = 15 * 20;
//状态
public static final int WORLD_STATE_RUNNING = 0; //运行
public static final int WORLD_STATE_NEXT_LEVEL = 1; //下一关
public static final int WORLD_STATE_GAME_OVER = 2; //游戏结束
//世界监听器
public WorldListener listener;
//重力
public static final Vector2 gravity = new Vector2(0, -12);
//随机数
public Random rand;
public float heightSoFar; //
public int score;
public int state;
//游戏中物体
public final List<Platform> platforms; //跳板
public final Bob bob; //主角
public final List<Spring> springs; //弹簧
public final List<Squirrel> squirrels; //会飞的松鼠
public final List<Coin> coins; //金币
public Castle castle; //城堡
public World(WorldListener listener) {
this.listener = listener;
//初始化游戏中的物体
this.bob = new Bob(5, 1);
this.platforms = new ArrayList<Platform>();
this.springs = new ArrayList<Spring>();
this.squirrels = new ArrayList<Squirrel>();
this.coins = new ArrayList<Coin>();
rand = new Random();
generateLevel(); //生成关卡中除了Bob外所有的物体
}
/**生成关卡中除了Bob外所有的物体**/
private void generateLevel() {
float y = Platform.PLATFORM_HEIGHT / 2;
float maxJumpHeight = Bob.BOB_JUMP_VELOCITY * Bob.BOB_JUMP_VELOCITY / (2 * -gravity.y);
while (y < WORLD_HEIGHT - WORLD_WIDTH / 2) {
int type = rand.nextFloat() > 0.8f ? Platform.PLATFORM_TYPE_MOVING : Platform.PLATFORM_TYPE_STATIC;
float x = rand.nextFloat() * (WORLD_WIDTH - Platform.PLATFORM_WIDTH) + Platform.PLATFORM_WIDTH / 2;
//跳板的位置
Platform platform = new Platform(type, x, y);
platforms.add(platform);
//弹簧的位置
if (rand.nextFloat() > 0.9f && type != Platform.PLATFORM_TYPE_MOVING) {
Spring spring = new Spring(platform.position.x, platform.position.y + Platform.PLATFORM_HEIGHT / 2
+ Spring.SPRING_HEIGHT / 2);
springs.add(spring);
}
//松鼠的位置
if (y > WORLD_HEIGHT / 3 && rand.nextFloat() > 0.8f) {
Squirrel squirrel = new Squirrel(platform.position.x + rand.nextFloat(), platform.position.y
+ Squirrel.SQUIRREL_HEIGHT + rand.nextFloat() * 2);
squirrels.add(squirrel);
}
//金币的位置
if (rand.nextFloat() > 0.6f) {
Coin coin = new Coin(platform.position.x + rand.nextFloat(), platform.position.y + Coin.COIN_HEIGHT
+ rand.nextFloat() * 3);
coins.add(coin);
}
//游戏中的物体的位置根据跳板的位置来确定
y += (maxJumpHeight - 0.5f);
y -= rand.nextFloat() * (maxJumpHeight / 3);
}
//城堡的位置是确定的
castle = new Castle(WORLD_WIDTH / 2, y);
}
/**刷新界面**/
public void update(float deltaTime, float accelX) {
updateBob(deltaTime, accelX); //刷新主角
updatePlatforms(deltaTime); //刷新跳板
updateSquirrels(deltaTime); //刷新松鼠
updateCoins(deltaTime); //刷新金币
if (bob.state != Bob.BOB_STATE_HIT) checkCollisions();
//游戏结束判断
checkGameOver();
}
/**碰撞检测**/
private void checkCollisions() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
checkPlatformCollisions(); //跳板的碰撞
checkSquirrelCollisions(); //松鼠的碰撞
checkItemCollisions(); //金币和弹簧的碰撞
checkCastleCollisions(); //城堡的碰撞
}
/**跳板碰撞**/
private void checkPlatformCollisions() {
if (bob.velocity.y > 0) return;
int len = platforms.size();
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
Platform platform = platforms.get(i);
if (bob.position.y > platform.position.y) {
//调用工具类中矩形块碰撞检测
if (OverlapTester.overlapRectangles(bob.bounds, platform.bounds)) {
bob.hitPlatform();
listener.jump();
if (rand.nextFloat() > 0.5f) {
platform.pulverize();
}
break;
}
}
}
}
/**松鼠碰撞**/
private void checkSquirrelCollisions () {
int len = squirrels.size();
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
Squirrel squirrel = squirrels.get(i);
if (OverlapTester.overlapRectangles(squirrel.bounds, bob.bounds)) {
bob.hitSquirrel();
listener.hit();
}
}
}
/**金币和弹簧碰撞**/
private void checkItemCollisions () {
int len = coins.size();
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
Coin coin = coins.get(i);
if (OverlapTester.overlapRectangles(bob.bounds, coin.bounds)) {
coins.remove(coin);
len = coins.size();
listener.coin();
score += Coin.COIN_SCORE; //加分
}
}
if (bob.velocity.y > 0) return; //若是上升状态不去考虑碰撞检测
len = springs.size();
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
Spring spring = springs.get(i);
if (bob.position.y > spring.position.y) {
//弹簧的碰撞检测
if (OverlapTester.overlapRectangles(bob.bounds, spring.bounds)) {
bob.hitSpring();
listener.highJump();
}
}
}
}
/**城堡的碰撞**/
private void checkCastleCollisions () {
if (OverlapTester.overlapRectangles(castle.bounds, bob.bounds)) {
state = WORLD_STATE_NEXT_LEVEL;
}
}
/**刷新Bob**/
private void updateBob(float deltaTime, float accelX) {
//碰撞跳板
if (bob.state != Bob.BOB_STATE_HIT && bob.position.y <= 0.5f) bob.hitPlatform();
//主角x轴方向移动的速度
if (bob.state != Bob.BOB_STATE_HIT) bob.velocity.x = -accelX / 10 * Bob.BOB_MOVE_VELOCITY;
bob.update(deltaTime);
//竖直最大高度
heightSoFar = Math.max(bob.position.y, heightSoFar);
}
/**刷新跳板**/
private void updatePlatforms(float deltaTime) {
int len = platforms.size();
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
Platform platform = platforms.get(i);
//取出集合中的跳板对象，调用其自身的刷新方法
platform.update(deltaTime);
//若状态为破碎状态，将该跳板对象移除出去
if (platform.state == Platform.PLATFORM_STATE_PULVERIZING && platform.stateTime > Platform.PLATFORM_PULVERIZE_TIME) {
platforms.remove(platform);
len = platforms.size();
}
}
}
/**刷新松鼠**/
private void updateSquirrels (float deltaTime) {
int len = squirrels.size();
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
Squirrel squirrel = squirrels.get(i);
squirrel.update(deltaTime);
}
}
/**刷新金币**/
private void updateCoins (float deltaTime) {
int len = coins.size();
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
Coin coin = coins.get(i);
coin.update(deltaTime);
}
}
/**游戏结束判断**/
private void checkGameOver () {
//目前的Bob的高度小于场景的高度
if (heightSoFar - 7.5f > bob.position.y) {
state = WORLD_STATE_GAME_OVER;
}
}
}
看着代码挺多，其实就是一个update()和checkCollisions（），还有重要的generateLevel（）。接下来就是渲染WorldRenderer类中绘制各个物体
/**渲染游戏中各种物体（Bob,跳板，松鼠，弹簧，城堡，金币）**/
private void renderObjects() {
batch.enableBlending();
batch.begin();
renderPlatforms(); //绘制跳板
renderBob(); //绘制主角
renderItems(); //绘制金币和弹簧
renderSquirrels(); //绘制松鼠
renderCastle(); //绘制城堡
batch.end();
}
由于代码过多，这里就不一一贴出来了，大家可以自行参考源码，有注解的哦!
既然添加了游戏中的物体，那自然又得在Asset中加载资源
声明：
//游戏中各种物体
public static TextureRegion platform; //跳板
public static Animation brakingPlatform; //破碎的跳板（动画）
//主角
public static Animation bobJump; //跳跃（动画）
public static Animation bobFall; //下落（动画）
public static TextureRegion bobHit; //碰撞图片
public static TextureRegion spring; //弹簧
public static TextureRegion castle; //城堡
public static Animation coinAnim; //金币 （动画）
public static Animation squirrelFly; //飞着的松鼠 （动画）
实例化：
//游戏中各个物体
platform = new TextureRegion(items, 64, 160, 64, 16); //跳板
brakingPlatform = new Animation(0.2f, new TextureRegion(items, 64, 160, 64, 16), new TextureRegion(items, 64, 176, 64, 16),
new TextureRegion(items, 64, 192, 64, 16), new TextureRegion(items, 64, 208, 64, 16));//破碎的跳板
spring = new TextureRegion(items, 128, 0, 32, 32); //弹簧
castle = new TextureRegion(items, 128, 64, 64, 64); //城堡
coinAnim = new Animation(0.2f, new TextureRegion(items, 128, 32, 32, 32), new TextureRegion(items, 160, 32, 32, 32),
new TextureRegion(items, 192, 32, 32, 32), new TextureRegion(items, 160, 32, 32, 32)); //金币
squirrelFly = new Animation(0.2f, new TextureRegion(items, 0, 160, 32, 32), new TextureRegion(items, 32, 160, 32, 32)); //飞着的松鼠
//主角
bobJump = new Animation(0.2f, new TextureRegion(items, 0, 128, 32, 32), new TextureRegion(items, 32, 128, 32, 32));
bobFall = new Animation(0.2f, new TextureRegion(items, 64, 128, 32, 32), new TextureRegion(items, 96, 128, 32, 32));
bobHit = new TextureRegion(items, 128, 128, 32, 32);
运行一下代码，我们发现，我们操作者主角向上移动，会遇到弹簧，会破碎的跳板，飞着的松鼠，金币，一切都正常的运行着！ 仔细一看，加上金币后分数值没有改变哦！当然还有死亡的判断，音效的加入等等。
效果图：
在此先做一个代码版本，方便初学者能够清楚的了解代码
源码下载：http://down.51cto.com/data/897211
下面我们来完成分值的计算：
在GameScreen中：
/**游戏运行状态**/
private void updateRunning (float deltaTime) {
if (Gdx.input.justTouched()) {
guiCam.unproject(touchPoint.set(Gdx.input.getX(), Gdx.input.getY(), 0));
//点击暂停
if (OverlapTester.pointInRectangle(pauseBounds, touchPoint.x, touchPoint.y)) {
Assets.playSound(Assets.clickSound);
state = GAME_PAUSED;
return;
}
}
ApplicationType appType = Gdx.app.getType();
// should work also with Gdx.input.isPeripheralAvailable(Peripheral.Accelerometer)
if (appType == ApplicationType.Android || appType == ApplicationType.iOS) {
world.update(deltaTime, Gdx.input.getAccelerometerX());
} else {
float accel = 0;
if (Gdx.input.isKeyPressed(Keys.DPAD_LEFT)) accel = 5f;
if (Gdx.input.isKeyPressed(Keys.DPAD_RIGHT)) accel = -5f;
world.update(deltaTime, accel);
}
//当前分数（变化）
if (world.score != lastScore) {
lastScore = world.score;
scoreString = "SCORE: " + lastScore;
}
//本关结束
if (world.state == World.WORLD_STATE_NEXT_LEVEL) {
state = GAME_LEVEL_END;
}
//游戏结束，分值计算
if (world.state == World.WORLD_STATE_GAME_OVER) {
state = GAME_OVER;
if (lastScore >= Settings.highscores[4])
scoreString = "NEW HIGHSCORE: " + lastScore;
else
scoreString = "SCORE: " + lastScore;
//获取最后分数
Settings.addScore(lastScore);
//保存分数
Settings.save();
}
}
这里我们每次碰到金币就会加上10分，到游戏结束后，将最终得分保存起来，同时更新排行榜。
Settings：
package com.zhf.mylibgdx;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import com.badlogic.gdx.Gdx;
/**
* 设置类：三个方法： 1.load()读取声音开关和最高分. 2.save()保存配置 3.addScore()最高分排行榜，对数组赋值。
* @author ZHF
*
*/
public class Settings {
//记录声音开起与关闭
public static boolean soundEnabled = true;
//默认分数排行榜分数
public final static int[] highscores = new int[] {100, 80, 50, 30, 10};
//保存的文件名
public final static String file = ".superjumper";
/**加载配置文件**/
public static void load () {
BufferedReader in = null;
try {
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(Gdx.files.external(file).read()));
soundEnabled = Boolean.parseBoolean(in.readLine());
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
highscores[i] = Integer.parseInt(in.readLine());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (in != null) in.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
}
}
}
/**保存分值**/
public static void save () {
BufferedWriter out = null;
try {
//声音的开关
out = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(Gdx.files.external(file).write(false)));
out.write(Boolean.toString(soundEnabled));
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
//将分数写入文件
out.write(Integer.toString(highscores[i]));
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (out != null) out.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
}
}
}
/**将所得分数与排行榜分数比较，从高到低重新排一下**/
public static void addScore (int score) {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
if (highscores[i] < score) {
for (int j = 4; j > i; j--)
highscores[j] = highscores[j - 1];
highscores[i] = score;
break;
}
}
}
}
再次运行代码，加了几个金币，分值发生变化了，回到主界面分数排行榜也发生变化了！（原先默认：100, 80, 50, 30, 10）
接下来就是声音部分:
我们再次回到GameScreen中：
//实例化场景
worldListener = new WorldListener() {
@Override
public void jump () {
Assets.playSound(Assets.jumpSound);
}
@Override
public void highJump () {
Assets.playSound(Assets.highJumpSound);
}
@Override
public void hit () {
Assets.playSound(Assets.hitSound);
}
@Override
public void coin () {
Assets.playSound(Assets.coinSound);
}
};
在监听器中给对应方法播放对应的声音，当然少不了在Asset中添加对声音资源的加载：
声明：
//声音部分
public static Sound clickSound; //按下音效
public static Music music; //背景音乐
public static Sound jumpSound; //跳跃
public static Sound highJumpSound; //高跳
public static Sound hitSound; //碰撞
public static Sound coinSound; //金币
实例化：
//背景音乐
music = Gdx.audio.newMusic(Gdx.files.internal("data/music.mp3"));
music.setLooping(true); //循环
music.setVolume(0.5f); //大小
if (Settings.soundEnabled) music.play();
jumpSound = Gdx.audio.newSound(Gdx.files.internal("data/jump.ogg"));
highJumpSound = Gdx.audio.newSound(Gdx.files.internal("data/highjump.ogg"));
hitSound = Gdx.audio.newSound(Gdx.files.internal("data/hit.ogg"));
coinSound = Gdx.audio.newSound(Gdx.files.internal("data/coin.ogg"));
//点击音效
clickSound = Gdx.audio.newSound(Gdx.files.internal("data/click.ogg"));
ok！运行一下！貌似没有什么问题，对应的声音都播放出来了！
到此为止，libgdx中demo程序superjumper分版本的学习就结束了，由于本人也是边学边总结，中间肯定有许多地方讲解的不完善，不妥的地方，这里先想大家说声抱歉哈，希望大家发现问题能及时提出来，这样我也能进步么！这里还是那句话，在学习新东西的时候，我们的不求甚解也不失为一种快速掌握的好方法！ 希望这一些列学习笔记能帮助到初学者！
完整代码下载：http://down.51cto.com/data/897232 代码里详细注解哦！