PingingLab传世经典系列《CCNA完全配置宝典》-4.6 Frame-Relay基本配置


4.6 Frame-Relay基本配置

实验目的:

1、掌握帧中继的基本配置。

2、掌握通过路由器模拟帧中继交换机。

3、理解帧中继的映射表、转发表等。

实验拓扑:



实验步骤:

1、依据图中拓扑,通过路由器模拟帧中继交换机,配置如下:

开启帧中继交换功能

FW-SW(config)#frame-relay switching[PL1]

接口开启帧中继封装,并定义为DCE接口

FW-SW(config)#int s0/0

FW-SW(config-if)#no shutdown

FW-SW(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay[PL2]

FW-SW(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce[PL3]

FW-SW(config-if)#exit

FW-SW(config)#int s0/1

FW-SW(config-if)#no shutdown

FW-SW(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay

FW-SW(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce

FW-SW(config-if)#exit

FW-SW(config)#int s0/2

FW-SW(config-if)#no shutdown

FW-SW(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay

FW-SW(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce

FW-SW(config-if)#exit

编写帧中继转发条目

FW-SW(config)#int s0/0

FW-SW(config-if)#frame-relay route 102 interface s0/1 201[PL4]

FW-SW(config-if)#frame-relay route 201 interface s0/0 102

FW-SW(config-if)#exit

FW-SW(config)#int s0/1

FW-SW(config-if)#frame-relay route 201 interface s0/0 102

FW-SW(config-if)#exit

FW-SW(config)#int s0/2

FW-SW(config-if)#frame-relay route 301 interface s0/0 102

FW-SW(config-if)#exit

2、通过部署帧中继技术,使得各个站点可以互相连通,其中R1为中心点,R2R3为分支点,配置如下:

R1

R1(config)#int s0/0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay

R1(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp[PL5]

R1(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.2 102 broadcast[PL6]

R1(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.3 103 broadcast

R1(config-if)#exit

R2

R2(config)#int s0/0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay

R2(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp

R2(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 201 broadcast

R2(config-if)#exit

R3

R3(config)#int s0/0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay

R3(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp

R3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 301 broadcast

R3(config-if)#exit

3、查看帧中继运行状态,如下:

查看PVC状态

R1#show frame-relay pvc

PVC Statistics for interface Serial0/0 (Frame Relay DTE)

Active Inactive Deleted Static

Local 2 0 0 0

Switched 0 0 0 0

Unused 0 0 0 0

DLCI = 102, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial0/0[PL7]

input pkts 89 output pkts 47 in bytes 8364

out bytes 6032 dropped pkts 0 in pkts dropped 0

out pkts dropped 0 out bytes dropped 0

in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0

out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0

out bcast pkts 47 out bcast bytes 6032

5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

pvc create time 00:45:16, last time pvc status changed 00:18:37

DLCI = 103, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial0/0

input pkts 0 output pkts 10 in bytes 0

out bytes 1100 dropped pkts 0 in pkts dropped 0

out pkts dropped 0 out bytes dropped 0

in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0

out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0

out bcast pkts 10 out bcast bytes 1100

5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

pvc create time 00:45:18, last time pvc status changed 00:01:58

PVC状态处于Active状态,说明PVC连接没有问题。

查看帧中继映射信息,如下:

R1#show frame-relay map

Serial0/0 (up): ip 192.168.1.2 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), static,

broadcast,

CISCO, status defined, active

Serial0/0 (up): ip 192.168.1.3 dlci 103(0x67,0x1870), static,

broadcast,

CISCO, status defined, active

可以看到,由于关闭IARP并且手工绑定DLCIIP的映射,所以这里显示Static,并且处于Active状态,说明映射没有问题。

查看帧中继交换机上的转发表,如下:

FW-SW#show frame-relay route

Input Intf Input Dlci Output Intf Output Dlci Status

Serial0/0 102 Serial0/1 201 active

Serial0/0 103 Serial0/2 301 active

Serial0/1 201 Serial0/0 102 active

Serial0/2 301 Serial0/0 102 active

4、测试连通性,如下:

R1#ping 192.168.1.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 36/42/60 ms

R1#ping 192.168.1.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/31/52 ms

以上说明总部和分支和连通性没有问题,测试下分支之间的连通性,如下:

R2#ping 192.168.1.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

.....

Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

可以看到,分支之间没法相互通信,查看R2R3的映射表,如下:

R2#show frame-relay map

Serial0/0 (up): ip 192.168.1.1 dlci 201(0xC9,0x3090), static,

broadcast,

CISCO, status defined, active

R3#show frame-relay map

Serial0/0 (up): ip 192.168.1.1 dlci 301(0x12D,0x48D0), static,

broadcast,

CISCO, status defined, active

由于分支之间没有到对方的映射信息,数据没法正常封装,需要加入分支对方的映射,如下:

R2(config)#int s0/0

R2(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.3 201 broadcast

R2(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#int s0/0

R3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.2 301 broadcast

R3(config-if)#exit

再次查看映射表,如下:

R2#show frame-relay map

Serial0/0 (up): ip 192.168.1.1 dlci 201(0xC9,0x3090), static,

broadcast,

CISCO, status defined, active

Serial0/0 (up): ip 192.168.1.3 dlci 201(0xC9,0x3090), static,

broadcast,

CISCO, status defined, active

R3#show frame-relay map

Serial0/0 (up): ip 192.168.1.1 dlci 301(0x12D,0x48D0), static,

broadcast,

CISCO, status defined, active

Serial0/0 (up): ip 192.168.1.2 dlci 301(0x12D,0x48D0), static,

broadcast,

CISCO, status defined, active

再次测试分支之间的连通性,如下:

R2#ping 192.168.1.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 44/68/96 ms

当加入映射后,分支正常通信!注意,星形拓扑中分支之间的数据需要经过中心点进行转发。此实验完成。

[PL1]若没有开启帧中继交换功能,后续转发表无法正常工作。

[PL2]接口封装帧中继协议。

[PL3]接口类型设置为DCE接口,一般运营商端为DCE,本地局端为DTE

[PL4]手工编写帧中继转发表,将进接口的进标签转换为出接口的出标签,帧中继交换机会对二层数据帧进行修改,不同于以太网交换机。

[PL5]关闭IARP,即逆向ARP。逆向ARP采用周期性方式工作,每60s交互一次,不同于ARP的触发式工作方式,所以通信会有延迟。不仅如此,不同设备对IARP的支持不同,若IARP出现问题,映射失败,则数据封装失败,对通信有很大影响,所以,一般关闭IARP并且手工编写DLCIIP的映射,更加稳妥!

[PL6]一般做映射时都要加入Broadcast参数,用于支持帧中继环境下运行动态路由协议,broadcast表示此接口能向外发送组播或者广播分组。

[PL7]PVC状态有三种,不同状态标识不同情形:

1.ACTIVE:表示PVC完全正常;

2.INACITVE:表示本端PVC正常,对端不正常;

3.DELETED:表示本端PVC故障。

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