导入导出 Oracle 分区表数据

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-- 导入导出 Oracle 分区表数据

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导入导入Oracle 分区表数据是Oracle DBA 经常完成的任务之一。分区表的导入导出同样普通表的导入导出方式，只不过导入导出需要考

虑到分区的特殊性，如分区索引，将分区迁移到普通表，或使用原始分区表导入到新的分区表。下面将描述使用imp/exp，impdp/expdp导入导出

分区表数据。

一、分区级别的导入导出

可以导出一个或多个分区，也可以导出所有分区(即整个表)。

可以导入所有分区(即整个表)，一个或多个分区以及子分区。

对于已经存在数据的表，使用imp导入时需要使用参数IGNORE=y，而使用impdp，加table_exists_action=append | replace 参数。

二、创建演示环境  

1.查看当前数据库的版本

SQL> select * from v$version where rownum < 2;

BANNER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

2.创建一个分区表

SQL> alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd';

SQL> CREATE TABLE tb_pt (

sal_date   DATE NOT NULL,

sal_id NUMBER NOT NULL,

sal_row    NUMBER(12) NOT NULL)

partition by range(sal_date)

(

partition sal_11 values less than(to_date('2012-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')) ,

partition sal_12 values less than(to_date('2013-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')) ,

partition sal_13 values less than(to_date('2014-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')) ,

partition sal_14 values less than(to_date('2015-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')) ,

partition sal_15 values less than(to_date('2016-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')) ,

partition sal_16 values less than(to_date('2017-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')) ,

partition sal_other values less than (maxvalue)

) nologging;

3.创建一个唯一索引

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tb_pt_ind1

ON tb_pt(sal_date) nologging;

4.为分区表生成数据

SQL> INSERT INTO tb_pt

SELECT TRUNC(SYSDATE)+ROWNUM, dbms_random.random, ROWNUM

FROM dual

CONNECT BY LEVEL<=5000;

SQL> commit;

SQL> select count(1) from tb_pt partition(sal_11);

 COUNT(1)

----------

  300

SQL> select count(1) from tb_pt partition(sal_other);

 COUNT(1)

----------

 2873

SQL> select * from tb_pt partition(sal_12) where rownum < 3;

SAL_DATE      SAL_ID    SAL_ROW

--------- ---------- ----------

01-JAN-12 -1.356E+09        301

02-JAN-12 -761530183        302

三、使用exp/imp导出导入分区表数据

1.导出整个分区表

[oracle@node1 ~]$ exp scott/tiger file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt.dmp' log='/u02/dmp/tb_pt.log' tables=tb_pt

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:52:18 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing o

Export done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...

. . exporting table                          TB_PT

. . exporting partition                         SAL_11        300 rows exported

. . exporting partition                         SAL_12        366 rows exported

. . exporting partition                         SAL_13        365 rows exported

. . exporting partition                         SAL_14        365 rows exported

. . exporting partition                         SAL_15        365 rows exported

. . exporting partition                         SAL_16        366 rows exported

. . exporting partition                      SAL_OTHER       2873 rows exported

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.

Export terminated successfully with warnings.

[oracle@node1 ~]$ oerr exp 00091

00091, 00000, "Exporting questionable statistics."

// *Cause:  Export was able export statistics, but the statistics may not be

//          usuable. The statistics are questionable because one or more of

//          the following happened during export: a row error occurred, client

//          character set or NCHARSET does not match with the server, a query

//          clause was specified on export, only certain partitions or

//          subpartitions were exported, or a fatal error occurred while

//          processing a table.

// *Action: To export non-questionable statistics, change the client character

//          set or NCHARSET to match the server, export with no query clause,

//          export complete tables. If desired, import parameters can be

//          supplied so that only non-questionable statistics will be imported,

//          and all questionable statistics will be recalculated.

在上面的导出中出现了错误提示，即EXP-00091，该错误表明exp工具所在的环境变量中的NLS_LANG与DB中的NLS_CHARACTERSET不一致

尽管该错误对最终的数据并无影响，但调整该参数来避免异常还是有必要的。因此需要将其设置为一致即可解决上述的错误提示。

SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;

USERENV('LANGUAGE')

----------------------------------------------------

AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

[oracle@node1 ~]$ export NLS_LANG='AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK'  

经过上述设置之后再次导出正常，过程略。

2.导出单个分区

[oracle@node1 ~]$ exp scott/tiger file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.dmp' log='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.log' tables=tb_pt:sal_16

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:52:38 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing o

Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...

. . exporting table                          TB_PT

. . exporting partition                         SAL_16        366 rows exported

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.

Export terminated successfully with warnings

在上面的导出过程中再次出现了统计信息错误的情况，因此采取了对该对象收集统计信息，但并不能解决该错误，但在exp命令行中增

加statistics=none即可，如下：

[oracle@node1 ~]$ exp scott/tiger file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.dmp' log='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.log' /

> tables=tb_pt:sal_16 statistics=none

如果要导出多个分区，则在tables参数中增加分区数。如：tables=(tb_pt:sal_15,tb_pt:sal_16)

3.使用imp工具生成创建分区表的DDL语句

[oracle@node1 ~]$ imp scott/tiger tables=tb_pt indexfile='/u02/dmp/cr_tb_pt.sql' /

> file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt.dmp' ignore=y

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:54:38 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing o

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path

import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

import server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_11"                  

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_12"                  

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_13"                  

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_14"                  

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_15"                  

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_16"                  

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_OTHER"              

Import terminated successfully without warnings.

4.导入单个分区(使用先前备份的单个分区导入文件)

SQL> alter table tb_pt truncate partition sal_16;   --导入前先将分区实现truncate

Table truncated.

SQL> select count(1) from tb_pt partition(sal_16);

 COUNT(1)

----------

0

SQL> ho imp scott/tiger tables=tb_pt:sal_16 file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.dmp' ignore=y

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:55:39 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing o

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path

import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

import server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT

. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT

. . importing partition               "TB_PT":"SAL_16"

IMP-00058: ORACLE error 1502 encountered

ORA-01502: index 'SCOTT.TB_PT_IND1' or partition of such index is in unusable state

Import terminated successfully with warnings.

收到了ORA-01502错误，下面查看索引的状态，并对其重建索引后再执行导入

SQL> select index_name ,status from dba_indexes where table_name='TB_PT';  --查看索引的状态

INDEX_NAME                     STATUS

------------------------------ --------

TB_PT_IND1                     UNUSABLE

SQL> alter index TB_PT_IND1 rebuild online;                --重建索引

Index altered.

SQL> ho imp scott/tiger tables=tb_pt:sal_16 file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.dmp' ignore=y  --再次导入成功

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:56:15 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing o

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path

import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

import server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT

. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT

. . importing partition               "TB_PT":"SAL_16"        366 rows imported

Import terminated successfully without warnings.

SQL> select count(*) from tb_pt partition(sal_16);

 COUNT(*)

----------

  366

5.导入整个表

SQL> truncate table tb_pt;    --首先truncate 整个表

Table truncated.

SQL> ho imp scott/tiger tables=tb_pt file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt.dmp' ignore=y indexes=y

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:57:10 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing o

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path

import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

import server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT

. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT

. . importing partition               "TB_PT":"SAL_11"        298 rows imported

. . importing partition               "TB_PT":"SAL_12"        366 rows imported

. . importing partition               "TB_PT":"SAL_13"        365 rows imported

. . importing partition               "TB_PT":"SAL_14"        365 rows imported

. . importing partition               "TB_PT":"SAL_15"        365 rows imported

. . importing partition               "TB_PT":"SAL_16"        366 rows imported

. . importing partition            "TB_PT":"SAL_OTHER"       2875 rows imported

Import terminated successfully without warnings.

SQL> select count(1) from tb_pt partition(sal_other);

 COUNT(1)

----------

 2875

四、使用expdp/impdb来实现分区表的导入导出

1.查看导入导出的目录设置

SQL> select directory_name,directory_path from dba_directories where directory_name='DMP';

DIRECTORY_NAME                 DIRECTORY_PATH

------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------

DMP                            /u02/dmp

2.为分区表创建一个本地索引

create index tb_pt_local_idx

on tb_pt(sal_id)

local

(partition local1,

partition local2,

partition local3,

partition local4,

partition local5,

partition local6,

partition local7)

;

3.导出整个表

[oracle@node1 ~]$ expdp scott/tiger directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pt.dmp logfile=tb_pb.log tables=tb_pt parallel=3

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 14:04:28 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":  scott/******** directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pt.dmp logfile=tb_pb.log tables=

tb_pt parallel=3                                                                  

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 512 KB

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_OTHER"                 71.63 KB    2875 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_11"                    12.54 KB     298 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_12"                    14.22 KB     366 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_13"                    14.18 KB     365 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_14"                    14.18 KB     365 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_15"                    14.19 KB     365 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_16"                    14.23 KB     366 rows

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

 /u02/dmp/tb_pt.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:04:51

4.导出多个分区

[oracle@node1 ~]$ expdp scott/tiger directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pts.dmp logfile=tb_pt.log /

> tables=(tb_pt:sal_16,tb_pt:sal_other) parallel=2

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 14:08:06 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":  scott/******** directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pts.dmp logfile=tb_pt.log

tables=(tb_pt:sal_16,tb_pt:sal_other) parallel=2                        --*/

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_OTHER"                 71.63 KB    2875 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_16"                    14.23 KB     366 rows

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

 /u02/dmp/tb_pts.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:08:17

5.截断分区sal_other

SQL> alter table tb_pt truncate partition(sal_other);

Table truncated.

SQL> select count(*) from tb_pt partition(sal_other);

 COUNT(*)

----------

0

SQL> select index_name,status,partitioned from dba_indexes where table_name='TB_PT'; --查看索引的状态, TB_PT_IND1不可用

INDEX_NAME                     STATUS   PAR

------------------------------ -------- ---

TB_PT_IND1                     UNUSABLE NO

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX                N/A      YES

SQL> select index_name ,partition_name, status from dba_ind_partitions where index_owner='SCOTT';

INDEX_NAME                     PARTITION_NAME                 STATUS

------------------------------ ------------------------------ --------

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX                LOCAL1                         USABLE

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX                LOCAL2                         USABLE

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX                LOCAL3                         USABLE

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX                LOCAL4                         USABLE

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX                LOCAL5                         USABLE

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX                LOCAL6                         USABLE

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX                LOCAL7                         USABLE

6.导入单个分区

[oracle@node1 ~]$ impdp scott/tiger directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pts.dmp logfile=tb_pt_imp.log /

> tables=tb_pt:sal_other skip_unusable_indexes=y table_exists_action=replace

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 14:13:28 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01":  scott/******** directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pts.dmp logfile=tb_pt_imp.log

tables=tb_pt:sal_other skip_unusable_indexes=y table_exists_action=replace             --*/

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_OTHER"                 71.63 KB    2875 rows

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:13:33

SQL> select index_name,status,partitioned from dba_indexes where table_name='TB_PT';

INDEX_NAME                     STATUS   PAR

------------------------------ -------- ---

TB_PT_IND1                     VALID    NO

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX                N/A      YES

从上面的导入情况可以看出，尽管执行了truncate partition，然而使用impdp导入工具，并且使用参数table_exists_action=replace

可以避免使用imp导入时唯一和主键索引需要重建的问题。注意，如果没有使用table_exists_action=replace参数，将会收到ORA-39151

错误，如下

ORA-39151: Table "SCOTT"."TB_PT" exists. All dependent metadata and data will be skipped due to

table_exists_action of skip

7.导入整个表

[oracle@node1 ~]$ impdp scott/tiger directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pt.dmp logfile=tb_pt_fullimp.log /

> tables=tb_pt skip_unusable_indexes=y table_exists_action=replace

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 14:17:35 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01":  scott/******** directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pt.dmp logfile=tb_pt_fullimp.log

tables=tb_pt skip_unusable_indexes=y table_exists_action=replace                     --*/

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_OTHER"                 71.63 KB    2875 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_11"                    12.54 KB     298 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_12"                    14.22 KB     366 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_13"                    14.18 KB     365 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_14"                    14.18 KB     365 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_15"                    14.19 KB     365 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_16"                    14.23 KB     366 rows

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:17:40

五、参数skip_unusable_indexes的作用

SQL> show parameter skip

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

skip_unusable_indexes                boolean     TRUE

该参数允许在导入分区数据时延迟对索引的处理，即先将数据导入，导入后再来重建索引分区。

在命令行导入中未指定导入参数skip_unusable_indexes时，则对于索引相关的问题，根据数据库初始化参数的值来确定。

在命令行导入中如果指定了参数skip_unusable_indexes时，则该参数的值优先于数据库初始化参数的设定值。

skip_unusable_indexes=y对unique index不起作用，因为此时的unique index扮演者constraint的作用，所以在insert数据时index必须被

更新。

对于单个分区导入时PK，unique index的处理，必须先重建索引然后进行导入。

使用impdp数据泵实现导入并使用参数table_exists_action=replace可以解决上述问题，即ORA-01502错误。

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