Mysql之多实例管理

有时在安装的mysql服务器上根据需要可能会想跑多个mysql服务器，比如当进行新版本测试，在一台主机上配置主从同步等操作时，这时重新编译安装mysql是完全没有必要的，因为mysql支持多实例管理。

一：根据mysql自带的mysqld_multi程序管理。

1.编译安装mysql

[root@zhu2 mysql-5.1.39]# ./configure --prefix=/opt/mysql --with-charset=utf8 --with-extra-charsets=all --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-assembler --enable-thread-safe-client --enable-local-infile  --with-plugins=all
[root@zhu2 mysql-5.1.39]# make && make install

2.初始化数据库，指定不同的数据目录

[root@zhu2 ~]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --datadir=/opt/mysql/data3306 --user=mysql
[root@zhu2 ~]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --datadir=/opt/mysql/data3307 --user=mysql
[root@zhu2 ~]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --datadir=/opt/mysql/data3308 --user=mysql

3.配置mysql配置文件my.cnf

[root@zhu2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
[mysqld3306]
bind-address=0.0.0.0
port            = 3306
socket          = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
pid             = /tmp/mysql3306.pid
datadir         = /opt/mysql/data3306
back_log = 50
skip-name-resolve
max_connections = 4000
max_connect_errors = 100
table_open_cache = 2048
max_allowed_packet = 16M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_heap_table_size = 64M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
join_buffer_size = 8M
thread_cache_size = 8
thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 64M
query_cache_limit = 2M
ft_min_word_len = 4
default-storage-engine = InnoDB
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
tmp_table_size = 64M
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=mixed
slow_query_log
long_query_time = 2
server-id = 1
key_buffer_size = 32M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:200M:autoextend
#innodb_write_io_threads = 8
#innodb_read_io_threads = 8
innodb_thread_concurrency = 16
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
[mysqld3307]
bind-address=0.0.0.0
port            = 3307
socket          = /tmp/mysql3307.sock
pid             = /tmp/mysql3307.pid
datadir         = /opt/mysql/data3307
back_log = 50
skip-name-resolve
max_connections = 4000
max_connect_errors = 100
table_open_cache = 2048
max_allowed_packet = 16M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_heap_table_size = 64M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
join_buffer_size = 8M
thread_cache_size = 8
thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 64M
query_cache_limit = 2M
ft_min_word_len = 4
default-storage-engine = InnoDB
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
tmp_table_size = 64M
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=mixed
slow_query_log
long_query_time = 2
server-id = 1
key_buffer_size = 32M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:200M:autoextend
innodb_thread_concurrency = 16
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
[mysqld3308]
bind-address=0.0.0.0
port            = 3308
socket          = /tmp/mysql3308.sock
pid             = /tmp/mysql3308.pid
datadir         = /opt/mysql/data3308
back_log = 50
skip-name-resolve
max_connections = 4000
max_connect_errors = 100
table_open_cache = 2048
max_allowed_packet = 16M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_heap_table_size = 64M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
join_buffer_size = 8M
thread_cache_size = 8
thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 64M
query_cache_limit = 2M
ft_min_word_len = 4
default-storage-engine = InnoDB
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
tmp_table_size = 64M
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=mixed
slow_query_log
long_query_time = 2
server-id = 1
key_buffer_size = 32M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 10M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:200M:autoextend
innodb_thread_concurrency = 16
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 512M
sort_buffer_size = 512M
read_buffer = 8M
write_buffer = 8M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
[mysqld_safe]
open-files-limit = 8192

4.启动多实例mysql

[root@zhu2 ~]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3306
[root@zhu2 ~]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3307
[root@zhu2 ~]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3308
[root@zhu2 ~]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3306，3307，,3308
[root@zhu2 ~]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3306-3308
#这几种启动方式都是可以的

5.查看是否启动

[root@zhu2 ~]# netstat -lntp | grep 330
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      31991/mysqld
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3307                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      2579/mysqld
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3308                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      2589/mysqld

6.连接

[root@zhu2 ~]# mysql -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.1.39-log Source distribution
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| test               |
| zhu3306            |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
[root@zhu2 ~]# mysql -S /tmp/mysql3307.sock
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.1.39-log Source distribution
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| test               |
| zhu3307            |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@zhu2 ~]# mysql -S /tmp/mysql3308.sock
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.1.39-log Source distribution
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysqld_multi详解：

# mysqld_multi可以从配置文件my.cnf中读取配置的组[mysqld_multi]，在该组中一般指定mysqld和mysqladmin的位置以便用来启动管理mysql，然而也可以在
[mysqldN]中指定mysqld和mysqladmin，不管是在[mysqld_multi]中配置默认的mysqld进程和mysqladmin管理还是在[mysqldN]中设置特定的mysqld进程和管理，我们必须选择一种配置，当两者都不配置时，启动将会失败。[mysqldN]是我们配置的实例数据库，N可以是任意的整数，本文中用的是3306,3307，3308；这些数字在以后的启动中会用到。
#mysqld_multi指令行管理
Usage: mysqld_multi [OPTIONS] {start|stop|report} [GNR,GNR,GNR...]
or     mysqld_multi [OPTIONS] {start|stop|report} [GNR-GNR,GNR,GNR-GNR,...]
GNR指的是group number，即是上文中配置文件中[mysqldN]中的N；

常用参数

--help #显示帮助信息，很有用的参数
--example #多实例的配置例子，很有用的参数
--no-log #该参数可以使状态信息发送到终端显示，而不是发送到日志文件
--version #显示版本号
--password=
--user=   #这两项是指mysqladmin的用户和密码，当使用mysqladmin来管理时所使用的。
--tcp-ip # 通过tcp-ip的端口号连接mysql服务器，默认连接msyql服务器使用的是unix socket文件，这在stop和report操作时是非常有用的，适合的场景是socket文件丢失了，但是mysql任然在运行。
#举例：
[root@zhu2 ~]# mysqld_multi start 3308
[root@zhu2 ~]# netstat -lntp | grep 3308
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3308                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      5341/mysqld
[root@zhu2 ~]# mv /tmp/mysql3308.sock .
[root@zhu2 ~]# mysqld_multi --tcp-ip stop 3308
[root@zhu2 ~]# netstat -lntp | grep 3308

mysqld_multi--example和mysqld_multi--help输出

[root@zhu2 ~]# mysqld_multi --example
# This is an example of a my.cnf file for mysqld_multi.
# Usually this file is located in home dir ~/.my.cnf or /etc/my.cnf
#
# SOME IMPORTANT NOTES FOLLOW:
#
# 1.COMMON USER
#
#   Make sure that the MySQL user, who is stopping the mysqld services, has
#   the same password to all MySQL servers being accessed by mysqld_multi.
#   This user needs to have the 'Shutdown_priv' -privilege, but for security
#   reasons should have no other privileges. It is advised that you create a
#   common 'multi_admin' user for all MySQL servers being controlled by
#   mysqld_multi. Here is an example how to do it:
#
#   GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO multi_admin@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'password'
#
#   You will need to apply the above to all MySQL servers that are being
#   controlled by mysqld_multi. 'multi_admin' will shutdown the servers
#   using 'mysqladmin' -binary, when 'mysqld_multi stop' is being called.
#
# 2.PID-FILE
#
#   If you are using mysqld_safe to start mysqld, make sure that every
#   MySQL server has a separate pid-file. In order to use mysqld_safe
#   via mysqld_multi, you need to use two options:
#
#   mysqld=/path/to/mysqld_safe
#   ledir=/path/to/mysqld-binary/
#
#   ledir (library executable directory), is an option that only mysqld_safe
#   accepts, so you will get an error if you try to pass it to mysqld directly.
#   For this reason you might want to use the above options within [mysqld#]
#   group directly.
#
# 3.DATA DIRECTORY
#
#   It is NOT advised to run many MySQL servers within the same data directory.
#   You can do so, but please make sure to understand and deal with the
#   underlying caveats. In short they are:
#   - Speed penalty
#   - Risk of table/data corruption
#   - Data synchronising problems between the running servers
#   - Heavily media (disk) bound
#   - Relies on the system (external) file locking
#   - Is not applicable with all table types. (Such as InnoDB)
#     Trying so will end up with undesirable results.
#
# 4.TCP/IP Port
#
#   Every server requires one and it must be unique.
#
# 5.[mysqld#] Groups
#
#   In the example below the first and the fifth mysqld group was
#   intentionally left out. You may have 'gaps' in the config file. This
#   gives you more flexibility.
#
# 6.MySQL Server User
#
#   You can pass the user=... option inside [mysqld#] groups. This
#   can be very handy in some cases, but then you need to run mysqld_multi
#   as UNIX root.
#
# 7.A Start-up Manage Script for mysqld_multi
#
#   In the recent MySQL distributions you can find a file called
#   mysqld_multi.server.sh. It is a wrapper for mysqld_multi. This can
#   be used to start and stop multiple servers during boot and shutdown.
#
#   You can place the file in /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi.server.sh and
#   make the needed symbolic links to it from various run levels
#   (as per Linux/Unix standard). You may even replace the
#   /etc/init.d/mysql.server script with it.
#
#   Before using, you must create a my.cnf file either in /opt/mysql/etc/my.cnf
#   or /root/.my.cnf and add the [mysqld_multi] and [mysqld#] groups.
#
#   The script can be found from support-files/mysqld_multi.server.sh
#   in MySQL distribution. (Verify the script before using)
#
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld     = /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
user       = multi_admin
password   = my_password
[mysqld2]
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock2
port       = 3307
pid-file   = /opt/mysql/var2/hostname.pid2
datadir    = /opt/mysql/var2
language   = /opt/mysql/share/mysql/english
user       = unix_user1
[mysqld3]
mysqld     = /path/to/mysqld_safe
ledir      = /path/to/mysqld-binary/
mysqladmin = /path/to/mysqladmin
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock3
port       = 3308
pid-file   = /opt/mysql/var3/hostname.pid3
datadir    = /opt/mysql/var3
language   = /opt/mysql/share/mysql/swedish
user       = unix_user2
[mysqld4]
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock4
port       = 3309
pid-file   = /opt/mysql/var4/hostname.pid4
datadir    = /opt/mysql/var4
language   = /opt/mysql/share/mysql/estonia
user       = unix_user3
[mysqld6]
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock6
port       = 3311
pid-file   = /opt/mysql/var6/hostname.pid6
datadir    = /opt/mysql/var6
language   = /opt/mysql/share/mysql/japanese
user       = unix_user4
[root@zhu2 ~]#

[root@zhu2 ~]# mysqld_multi --help
mysqld_multi version 2.16 by Jani Tolonen
Description:
mysqld_multi can be used to start, or stop any number of separate
mysqld processes running in different TCP/IP ports and UNIX sockets.
mysqld_multi can read group [mysqld_multi] from my.cnf file. You may
want to put options mysqld=... and mysqladmin=... there.  Since
version 2.10 these options can also be given under groups [mysqld#],
which gives more control over different versions.  One can have the
default mysqld and mysqladmin under group [mysqld_multi], but this is
not mandatory. Please note that if mysqld or mysqladmin is missing
from both [mysqld_multi] and [mysqld#], a group that is tried to be
used, mysqld_multi will abort with an error.
mysqld_multi will search for groups named [mysqld#] from my.cnf (or
the given --config-file=...), where '#' can be any positive integer
starting from 1. These groups should be the same as the regular
[mysqld] group, but with those port, socket and any other options
that are to be used with each separate mysqld process. The number
in the group name has another function; it can be used for starting,
stopping, or reporting any specific mysqld server.
Usage: mysqld_multi [OPTIONS] {start|stop|report} [GNR,GNR,GNR...]
or     mysqld_multi [OPTIONS] {start|stop|report} [GNR-GNR,GNR,GNR-GNR,...]
The GNR means the group number. You can start, stop or report any GNR,
or several of them at the same time. (See --example) The GNRs list can
be comma separated or a dash combined. The latter means that all the
GNRs between GNR1-GNR2 will be affected. Without GNR argument all the
groups found will either be started, stopped, or reported. Note that
syntax for specifying GNRs must appear without spaces.
Options:
These options must be given before any others:
--no-defaults      Do not read any defaults file
--defaults-file=...  Read only this configuration file, do not read the
standard system-wide and user-specific files
--defaults-extra-file=...  Read this configuration file in addition to the
standard system-wide and user-specific files
Using:
--config-file=...  Deprecated, please use --defaults-extra-file instead
--example          Give an example of a config file with extra information.
--help             Print this help and exit.
--log=...          Log file. Full path to and the name for the log file. NOTE:
If the file exists, everything will be appended.
Using:
--mysqladmin=...   mysqladmin binary to be used for a server shutdown.
Since version 2.10 this can be given within groups [mysqld#]
Using:
--mysqld=...       mysqld binary to be used. Note that you can give mysqld_safe
to this option also. The options are passed to mysqld. Just
make sure you have mysqld in your PATH or fix mysqld_safe.
Using:
Please note: Since mysqld_multi version 2.3 you can also
give this option inside groups [mysqld#] in ~/.my.cnf,
where '#' stands for an integer (number) of the group in
question. This will be recognised as a special option and
will not be passed to the mysqld. This will allow one to
start different mysqld versions with mysqld_multi.
--no-log           Print to stdout instead of the log file. By default the log
file is turned on.
--password=...     Password for mysqladmin user.
--silent           Disable warnings.
--tcp-ip           Connect to the MySQL server(s) via the TCP/IP port instead
of the UNIX socket. This affects stopping and reporting.
If a socket file is missing, the server may still be
running, but can be accessed only via the TCP/IP port.
By default connecting is done via the UNIX socket.
--user=...         mysqladmin user. Using: root
--verbose          Be more verbose.
--version          Print the version number and exit.
[root@zhu2 ~]#

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