liangxiaowei66

cacti + nagios + pnp +npc

Centos6.2

一、安装环境LAMP

#yum -y install gcc* glibc* gd* php* mysql* http*

#yum -y install httpdmysql-server mysql-devel perl-DBI perl-DBD-MySQL php php-devel php-mysql php-snmp php-pdophp-gd lm_sensors net-snmp net-snmp-libs net-snmp-utils net-snmp-devel

# chkconfig mysqld on

# chkconfig httpd on

# chkconfig snmpd on

# service mysqld start

# service httpd start

# service snmpd start

#vim /var/www/html/index.php

<?php

phpinfo();

访问http://localhost/index.php

# mysqladmin -u root password '123'

报错处理: # exportPATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

# mysql -u root -p

输入密码

mysql>create database cacti default character set utf8;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>grant all on cacti.* to cacti@localhost identified by '123';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql>flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> \q

二、安装cacti

安装rrdtool需要的软件包

# yum -y install cairo-devel libxml2-devel pango pango-devel

安装rrdtool

# tar zxvf rrdtool-1.4.4.tar.gz

# cd rrdtool-1.4.4

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/rrdtool && make && make install

# ln -s /usr/local/rrdtool/bin/* /usr/local/bin/ #此步非常重要

安装cacti-0.8.7.e中文版

#wget http://blogimg.chinaunix.net/blog/upfile2/090815172648.gz

# tar zxvf 090815172648.gz -C /var/www/html

# cd /var/www/html

# mv cacti-0.8.7e-cn-utf8/ cacti

# mysql -ucacti -p cacti < cacti/cacti.sql /导入数据库

Enter password:

创建cacti用户

# useradd -s /sbin/nologin cacti

# chown -R cacti:cacti /var/www/html/cacti/

# chmod -R 777 /var/www/html/cacti/

修改cacti配置文件，连接数据库

# vim /var/www/html/cacti/include/config.php

$database_username = "cacti";

$database_password = "123";

添加计划任务

# crontab -e

*/5 * * * * /usr/bin/php/var/www/html/cacti/poller.php >/dev/null 2>&1

# service crond restart

三、被监控端配置

安装snmp服务
#yum -y install lm_sensors net-snmp

修改配置文件如下：（这里我省略掉了#行和空行）

只改了下面三行，（下面的地址是cacti服务器地址，由于是本机测试，所以是127.0.0.1）

#vim /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf

41 com2sec notConfigUser 127.0.0.1 public

62 access notConfigGroup "" any noauth exact all none none

85 view all included .1 80 将前面#号去掉

重启服务

# service httpd restart

# service mysqld restart

# service snmpd restart

检测在服务器上，有信息返回说名正常：

#snmpwalk -c public -v 2c localhost

# snmpwalk -v 1 -c public localhostIP-MIB::ipAdEntIfIndex

浏览器输入http://192.168.163.143/cacti/install初始化cacti，最后如下：

如果打开网页，页面出现空白，那么说明数据库没有导入进去，重新导入数据库后重启httpd服务即可

RRDTOOLS版本，默认为1.0.x，改为1.3.x就行了

如果打开未看到生成图像，请手动执行下面命令

#/usr/bin/php/var/www/cacti/poller.php &>/dev/null手动生成图像

字体在图形中显示不正常的解决方法

下载并安装中文字体，我用的是微米黑字体

wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/wqy/files/wqy-microhei/0.2.0-beta/wqy-microhei-0.2.0-beta.tar.gz

#tar zxvf wqy-microhei-0.2.0-beta.tar.gz
# cd wqy-microhei
# cp wqy-microhei.ttc /usr/share/fonts/wqy-microhei.ttc

安装完成后注意在"设置"中更改下面两个必改项.
常规->RRDTool应用程序版本改为1.3.x,默认为1.0.x.不改可能图像不能正常显示出来.
路径->RRDTool默认字体路径改为上面安装的文件路径，如/usr/share/fonts/wqy-microhei.ttc

安装插件cacti-plugin

#wget http://blogimg.chinaunix.net/blog/upfile2/090818213852.gz

# mv 090818213852.gz cacti-plugin-0.8.7d-PA-v2.4-cn-utf8.diff.gz

# gunzip cacti-plugin-0.8.7d-PA-v2.4-cn-utf8.diff.gz

# mv cacti-plugin-0.8.7d-PA-v2.4-cn-utf8.diff /var/www/html/cacti/

# cd /var/www/html/cacti/

# patch -p1 -N<cacti-plugin-0.8.7d-PA-v2.4-cn-utf8.diff

# mysql -ucacti -p123 cacti <pa.sql

修改配置文件，如下：

# vim /var/www/html/cacti/include/config.php

$config['url_path'] = "/cacti/"; 在3306下一行添加，记住一定不要写成/cacti

页面设置

控制面板―用户管理―admin

插件管理打钩―保存

看到控制面板―配置，多个了插件管理

安装monitor扩展插件如下：wget http://cactiusers.org/downloads/monitor.tar.gz

# wget http://cactiusers.org/downloads/thold.tar.gz

# wget http://cactiusers.org/downloads/settings.tar.gz

# tar zxvf monitor.tar.gz -C /var/www/Cacti/plugins

# tar zxvf thold.tar.gz -C /var/www/Cacti/plugins

# tar zxvf settings.tar.gz -C /var/www/Cacti/plugins

# cd /var/www/html/cacti/plugins

# mysql -ucacti -p123 cacti <monitor/monitor.sql

# mysql -ucacti -p123 cacti < thold/thold.sql

# vim/var/www/html/cacti/include/config.php

$plugins[] = "monitor"; //添加此行

$plugins[] = "thold";

$plugins[] = "settings";

刷新网页即可

如果出现空白页，请查看apache日志

/var/log/httpd/error_log

四、安装nagios

建立用户

# useradd -s /sbin/nologin nagios

# mkdir -p /usr/local/nagios

# chown -R nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios/

# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/nagios/

编译安装nagios

# tar xvf nagios-3.2.0.tar.gz

# cd nagios-3.2.0

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios/

# make all

# make install

# make install-init

# make install-commandmode

# make install-config

# make install-webconf

# chkconfig --add nagios

# chkconfig nagios on

# service nagios start

安装插件

# tar xvf nagios-plugins-1.4.14.tar.gz

# cd nagios-plugins-1.4.14

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios/ && make&& make install

安装Nagios的汉化包

# tar xvf nagios-cn-3.2.0.tar.bz2

# cd nagios-cn-3.2.0

# ./configure ; make all ; make install

安装sendmail

# yum install sendmail

#service sendmail start

修改apache的配置文件,最后添加如下内容，设置成需要输入密码才能登陆

# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.html.var

ScriptAlias /nagios/cgi-bin/ "/usr/local/nagios/sbin"

AuthType Basic

Options ExecCGI

AllowOverride None

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

AuthName "Nagions Access"

AuthUserFile /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd

Require valid-user

</Directory>

Alias /nagios "/usr/local/nagios/share"

AuthType Basic

Options None

AllowOverride None

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

AuthName "Nagios Access"

AuthUserFile /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd

Require valid-user

</Directory>

建立登陆的用户名密码

# htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd nagiosadmin 首次创建用-c，密码随便写

# htpasswd /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd benet //此用户访问nagios页面无权限

# service httpd restart

配置nagios添加主机，服务信息
在/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/下建立2个文件：这2个文件默认没有，自己创建

编辑辑hosts.cfg配置文件编

# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts.cfg定义主机的文件

define host{

use linux-server //引用模块templates.cfg

host_name web //定义主机名

alias benet-web //定义主机别名

address 192.168.1.1 //被监控端主机iP地址，此处是nagios服务器自己

}

define host{

use linux-server //引用模块templates.cfg

host_name mysql //定义主机名

alias benet-mysql //定义主机别名

address 192.168.1.2 //被监控端主机ip地址

}

define hostgroup{ //定义主机组

hostgroup_name sa-servers

alias sa servers

members web,mysql

}

编辑services.cfg配置文件

# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services.cfg定义主机服务的文件

################- benet web-##########################

define service{ //定义被监控端主机上有哪些服务需要nagios监控，此处以本机自己为例

use local-service //引用local-service的属性信息，在template.cfg中定义host_namehost_name web //监控那个主机，host_name是在hosts.cfg中定义的

service_description ssh //对监控内容的描述

check_command check_ssh //指定监控的命令，check_ping在commands.cfg中定义

}

define service{

use local-service

host_name web

service_description Ping

check_command check_ping!100.0,20%!500.0,60%

}

define service{

use local-service

host_name web

service_description tcp

check_command check_tcp

#####################- MYSQL-##########################

define service{ //定义被监控端主机上有哪些服务需要nagios监控，即nagios客户端

use local-service

host_name mysql

service_description Ping

check_command check_ping

}

define service{

use local-service

host_name mysql

service_description ssh

check_command check_ssh

}

define service{

use local-service

host_name mysql

service_description ftp

check_command check_ftp

修改nagios.cfg文件，添加文件路径信息：

# vim/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/nagios.cfg //nagios主配置文件

cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts.cfg //主机配置文件

cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services.cfg //服务配置文件

cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg //命令配置文件

cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg //联系人配置文件

cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/timeperiods.cfg //时间配置文件

cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfg //模板文件

修改contacts.cfg文件：

# vim/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/conacts.cfg //服务器或主机出现问题时通知的联系人或联系组

35 email root@localhost ;

修改cgi.cfg文件，通过网页访问权限设置：

# vim/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/cgi.cfg //赋予通过网页访问的用户执行权限，上面我们创建的nagiosadmin在此目录下默认已经赋予权限，现在我们将benet赋予权限

107 default_user_name=benet

119 authorized_for_system_information=nagiosadmin,benet

131 authorized_for_configuration_information=nagiosadmin,benet

144 authorized_for_system_commands=benet

157 authorized_for_all_services=nagiosadmin,benet

158 authorized_for_all_hosts=nagiosadmin,benet

171 authorized_for_all_service_commands=nagiosadmin,benet

172 authorized_for_all_host_commands=nagiosadmin,benet

Nagios的运行和维护：

测试nagios主文件是否配置正确

# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

启动与停止nagios

# service nagios start

# service nagios stop

# service nagios status

# service nagios restart

四、Nagios性能分析图表（pnp）

安装pnp支持rrdtool工具

# tar zxf rrdtool-1.4.5.tar.gz

# cd rrdtool-1.4.5

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/rrdtool; make ; make install

安装rrdtool时候的报错:configure:error:Pleasefix thelibrary issues listed above and try again

解决办法：

yum -y install cairo-devel libxml2-devel pangopango-devel

如果上面执行后无果，请执行下面操作：

yum install cgiliblibart_lgpl-develpango-devel* cairo-devel* libxml2-devel

如果上面执行后无果，请执行下面操作：

yum -y install zlib libpng freetypelibart_lgpllibart_lgpl-devel libxml* pango*

通常编辑安装文件时，出现make无法安装，这其实是configure编译时出现了问题。

问题分析思路：先不要make，步骤分开进行，先configure编译,这样容易发现是哪一步出现的错误，并解决

安装pnp

# tar zxf pnp-0.4.13.tar.gz

# cd pnp-0.4.13

# ./configure--with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios --with-rrdtool=/usr/local/rrdtool/bin/rrdtool--with-perfdata-dir=/usr/local/nagios/share/perfdata ; make all ; make install; make install-config ; make install-init

配置pnp文件

# cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/pnp/

# cp process_perfdata.cfg-sampleprocess_perfdata.cfg

# cp npcd.cfg-sample npcd.cfg

# cp rra.cfg-sample rra.cfg

# chown -R nagios:nagios/usr/local/nagios/etc/pnp/

# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/nagios/etc/pnp/

设置rw读取数据的权限，非常重要

#chown -R nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios/var/rw

#chmod -R 777 /usr/local/nagios/var/rw

如果上面2部没有操作，nagios无法产生图像，原因，没有抓取到数据，无权限

修改process_perfdata.cfg文件

# vi/usr/local/nagios/etc/pnp/process_perfdata.cfg

44 LOG_LEVEL = 2

修改nginx主配置文件，增加小太阳图标

# cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/objetcs

# vi templates.cfg

define host{

name hosts-pnp

action_url /nagios/pnp/index.php?host=$HOSTNAME$

process_perf_data 1

}

define service{

name services-pnp

action_url /nagios/pnp/index.php?host=$HOSTNAME$&srv=$SERVICEDESC$

process_perf_data 1

}

修改ngins主配置文件，去掉如***释行

# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

833 process_performance_data=1

845 host_perfdata_command=process-host-perfdata

846service_perfdata_command=process-service-perfdata

修改commands.cfg主命令配置文件如下行

# vim/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg

227 # 'process-host-perfdata' commanddefinition

228 define command{

229 command_name process-host-perfdata

230 command_line /usr/local/nagios/libexec/process_perfdata.pl

231 }

234 # 'process-service-perfdata'command definition

235 define command{

236 command_name process-service-perfdata

237 command_line /usr/local/nagios/libexec/process_perfdata.pl

238 }

修改hosts文件，增加定义pnp模块

# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts.cfg定义主机的文件

define host{

use linux-server,hosts-pnp //引用模块templates.cfg

host_name web //定义主机名

alias benet-web //定义主机别名

address 192.168.1.1 //主机iP地址

}

define host{

use linux-server,hosts-pnp //引用模块templates.cfg

host_name mysql //定义主机名

alias benet-mysql //定义主机别名

address 192.168.1.2 //主机iP地址

}

define hostgroup{ //定义主机组

hostgroup_name sa-servers

alias sa servers

members web,mysql

}

编辑services.cfg配置文件

# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services.cfg定义主机服务的文件

################- benet web-##########################

define service{

use local-service,services-pnp//引用local-service的属性信息，在template.cfg中定义

host_name host_name web //监控那个主机，host_name是在hosts.cfg中定义的

service_description ssh //对监控内容的描述

check_command check_ssh //指定监控的命令，check_ping在commands.cfg中定义

}

define service{