通过脚本自动设置,批量实现免密码登录主机

实验背景

在一个局域网,在其中指定一台主机做为管理机,其它主机做为被管理机,为以后维护的便利性,要求实现管理机无需密码,直接登录被管理机.

使用Vmware Workstation搭建一个模拟局域网

该局域网内有四台主机,通过虚拟交换机Vnet1,实现互连互通

四台主机都安装了CentOS6,并关闭了iptables和SELinux

指定CentOS1(192.168.10.2)为管理机

指定CentOS2(192.168.10.3~5)为被管理机

简单的网络拓朴如下图所示

实验目的

通过shell脚本,实现一次执行,批量配置管理机与被管理机的信任关系,实现管理机免密码登录被管理机

脚本组成

为了便于脚本维护与扩展,通过如下一组脚本来实现

# ll
total 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 657 Nov  8 22:49 ClientAuthorize.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 338 Nov  8 22:24 distribute.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 279 Nov  8 22:34 excuse.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  39 Nov  8 22:15 hostip.out
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 210 Nov  8 20:30 ServerAuthorize.sh.example

下面分别介绍一下各个脚本

ClientAuthorize.sh 配置主脚本,在管理机上执行,通过它调用其它几个子脚本,实现批量设置

# vim ClientAuthorize.sh
#!/bin/bash
#声明环境变量
export PATH="/usr/lib/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin"
export LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
#生成管理机的公私钥
ssh-keygen
#设置管理机的相关目录权限
chmod go-w /root
chmod 700 /root/.ssh
chmod 600 /root/.ssh/*
#将生成的公钥信息导入ServerAuthorize.sh脚本中
rsapub_var=$(cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub)
cp /tmp/authorize/ServerAuthorize.sh.example /tmp/authorize/ServerAuthorize.sh
echo " " >>/tmp/authorize/ServerAuthorize.sh
echo "#set authorized_keys" >>/tmp/authorize/ServerAuthorize.sh
echo "echo \""${rsapub_var}"\" >>/root/.ssh/authorized_keys" >>/tmp/authorize/ServerAuthorize.sh
chmod u+x /tmp/authorize/ServerAuthorize.sh
#调用批量分发脚本,如果执行成功,就继续调用批量执行脚本
sh /tmp/authorize/distribute.sh &&\
sh /tmp/authorize/excuse.sh

ServerAuthorize.sh.example 一个模板文件,经ClientAuthorize.sh处理后,生成在被管理机上执行的脚本,用来配置双方的信任关系,下面显示的是一个已配置完成的ServerAuthorize脚本

# vim ServerAuthorize.sh
#!/bin/bash
#声明环境变量
export PATH="/usr/lib/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin"
export LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
#检查所需目录及文件,如果没有就创建一个
if [ ! -d /root/.ssh ];then
    mkdir /root/.ssh
fi
if [ ! -f /root/.ssh/authorized_keys ];then
    touch /root/.ssh/authorizedzz_keys
fi
#设置被管理机的相关目录文件权限
chmod go-w /root
chmod 700 /root/.ssh
chmod 600 /root/.ssh/*
#配置信任关系
#set authorized_keys
echo "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA6YUgG2kpxJDfqeoSIEOzQk/2tj1xTpMtb6e618rm6XYnjjdP5/FdwMKnBXRc6a/fp3h2AupsM7Pzc1AxzTZWNUUxEJoI0mZxxoy0B5UITTA8bAwiBfhIsTkcHqSS3CADdaAlFYol+9JO3sZ6U8dlD1KQtZLpc9FMPX87kowEJbtuq+XNZ7xe59KV0Adt3YI+ICqVU8WHu9yO7XkP313FZFPIYISqmY9kmhKUHT8znIHDqYQVC9MOMsNxQ4HlPLHNESnBvbSlR0wdz0q1VjVqF2qxyRZAQiIWi3nkYk6oKK61UYHQ62ueLpPQ4yWZfcKLaYJZQFeVo/uQdauYYVEQww== root@CentOS1"  >>/root/.ssh/authorized_keys

distribute.sh 分发脚本,将ServerAuthorize.sh从管理机分发到各被管理机

# vim distribute.sh
#!/bin/bash
#声明环境变量
export PATH="/usr/lib/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin"
export LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
#指定远程分发的来源与目标
from_var="/tmp/authorize/ServerAuthorize.sh"
to_var="/tmp"
#通过for循环将脚本分发到各个被管理机
for host_ip in $(cat /tmp/authorize/hostip.out)
do
        scp -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -rp "${from_var}" "${host_ip}":"${to_var}"
done

excuse.sh 批量执行脚本,在管理机上执行,使被管理机批量执行ServerAuthorize.sh

# vim excuse.sh
#!/bin/bash
#声明环境变量
export PATH="/usr/lib/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin"
export LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
#通过for循环,批量执行被管理机上的配置脚本
command_var="sh /tmp/ServerAuthorize.sh"
for host_ip in $(cat /tmp/authorize/hostip.out)
do
        ssh -f ${host_ip} "${command_var}"
done

hostip.out 提供被管理机的ip列表

# vim hostip.out
192.168.10.3
192.168.10.4
192.168.10.5

脚本执行

下面我在管理机上面执行 ClientAuthorize.sh

[root@CentOS1 authorize]# sh ClientAuthorize.sh
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
#确认新生成的公钥保存位置,默认在当前用户家目录的.ssh目录下,此处直接回车即可
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
#输入密码,直接回车,使密码为空
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
6d:bc:5c:f8:32:bf:ee:4a:fe:bf:be:76:8d:29:38:aa root@CentOS1
The key's randomart image is:
|                 |
|                 |
|                 |
|         o .     |
|        S = .    |
|         o +     |
|          *..  o.|
|         oo+. + o|
|      E...o***=+ |
#开始执行分发任务,因为在脚本中添加了StrictHostKeyChecking=no参数,所以会出现下面的warning
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.10.3' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
#因为信任关系还没有建立,所以还是需要密码
[email protected]'s password:
ServerAuthorize.sh                                                                            100%  664     0.7KB/s   00:00
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.10.4' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
ServerAuthorize.sh                                                                            100%  664     0.7KB/s   00:00
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.10.5' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
ServerAuthorize.sh                                                                            100%  664     0.7KB/s   00:00
#分发完成后,开始在各个被管理机上执行配置脚本
[email protected]'s password:
[email protected]'s password:
[email protected]'s password:

实验结果检验

我从管理机,分别登录三台被管理机,可以看到,都已经不需要输入密码了

[root@CentOS1 authorize]# ssh 192.168.10.3
Last login: Thu Nov  7 12:25:14 2013 from 192.168.10.1
[root@CentOS2 ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:CA:DC:71
          inet addr:192.168.10.3  Bcast:192.168.10.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:feca:dc71/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:150 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:103 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:25556 (24.9 KiB)  TX bytes:16569 (16.1 KiB)
          Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2000
[root@CentOS2 ~]# exit
logout
Connection to 192.168.10.3 closed.
[root@CentOS1 authorize]# ssh 192.168.10.4
Last login: Thu Nov  7 14:13:23 2013 from 192.168.10.1
[root@CentOS3 ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:1C:51
          inet addr:192.168.10.4  Bcast:192.168.10.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe28:1c51/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:149 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:112 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:23653 (23.0 KiB)  TX bytes:17595 (17.1 KiB)
          Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2000
[root@CentOS3 ~]# exit
logout
Connection to 192.168.10.4 closed.
[root@CentOS1 authorize]# ssh 192.168.10.5
Last login: Thu Nov  7 15:16:27 2013 from 192.168.10.1
[root@CentOS4 ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:51:D4:1F
          inet addr:192.168.10.5  Bcast:192.168.10.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe51:d41f/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:124 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:108 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:19536 (19.0 KiB)  TX bytes:17163 (16.7 KiB)
          Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2000
[root@CentOS4 ~]# exit
logout
Connection to 192.168.10.5 closed.
[root@CentOS1 authorize]#