早已久仰Spring Security大名,一直没机会实践,最近计划对其进行系统学习并通过bolg将心得记录与博友们分享!
准备工作:
1. Spring Security 源码和Samples可以从以下链接下载:
https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-security/tree/master/samples
2. 从Spring官网下载STS
3. 学习时使用的版本 -- Spring : 4.0.0.RELEASE,Spring Security : 3.2.0.RELEASE
历史:
前身为“The Acegi Security System for Spring”,始于2006年,项目得到广大认可和适用后更名为Spring Security纳入Spring的项目之一。
适用场景:
JAVA应用安全管理中的认证和授权,特别是使用Spring框架开发的JAVA应用。
基本原理:
Spring的DI和AOP -- Spring Security大量使用AOP以避免对业务逻辑的干涉,并与Spring核心框架深度集成。
javax.servlet.FilterChain -- 目前Spring Security主要用于web应用,在web应用中通过Filter拦截HTTP请求进行安检。
HTTP表单认证:
Spring Security 内置HTTP表单认证支持,使用Security名字空间可以非常简单让Web应用支持HTTP表单认证,基本使用步骤如下:
1. web.xml配置
首先我们需要在web描述符中配置一个Filter名为springSecurityFilterChain供Spring框架使用,这个名称不能自己随便更改,否则Spring框架会找不到。
<filter> <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
2. Spring bean配置
Spring Security bean配置分两部分,分别是资源访问权限配置和用户定义,部分标签解说:
http标签 :用于创建FilterChainProxy和它将使用的bean。
auto-config="true" :表示以下配置
<http> <form-login /> <http-basic /> <logout /> </http>
intercept-url :定义被保护资源的访问权限
pattern :指定被保护的资源,可以使用正则表达式
access :访问权限定义,有多种方式,示例中使用角色,角色必须以ROLE_前缀开始。
user :定义用户名密码和拥有的角色,密码可以使用MD5加密。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/security http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.2.xsd"> <security:http auto-config="true"> <security:intercept-url pattern="/hello" access="ROLE_ADMIN" /> <security:intercept-url pattern="/**" access="ROLE_USER" /> </security:http> <security:authentication-manager> <security:authentication-provider> <security:user-service> <security:user authorities="ROLE_USER" name="stevex" password="stevex" /> <security:user authorities="ROLE_USER, ROLE_ADMIN" name="admin" password="admin" /> </security:user-service> </security:authentication-provider> </security:authentication-manager> </beans>
实践:
有很多安全相关的专业概念,需要自己慢慢认识,我们先创建一个实例,感性认识一下,步骤如下:
1. New-->Spring Project-->选择"Spring MVC Project"模板--Finish
2. 修改pom.xml,将Spring的版本更改为4.0.0.Release,增加Spring Security的依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-core</artifactId> <version>3.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId> <version>3.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId> <version>3.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
3. 修改web.xml,增加springSecurityFilterChain
<context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring/root-context.xml /WEB-INF/spring/app-security.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- Creates the Spring Container shared by all Servlets and Filters --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <filter> <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name> <filter-class> org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy </filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
4. 增加app-security.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/security http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.2.xsd"> <security:http auto-config="true"> <security:intercept-url pattern="/hello" access="ROLE_ADMIN" /> <security:intercept-url pattern="/**" access="ROLE_USER" /> </security:http> <security:authentication-manager> <security:authentication-provider> <security:user-service> <security:user authorities="ROLE_USER" name="stevex" password="stevex" /> <security:user authorities="ROLE_USER, ROLE_ADMIN" name="admin" password="admin" /> </security:user-service> </security:authentication-provider> </security:authentication-manager> </beans>
5. 修改HomeController.java,增加hello函数
/** * Handles requests for the application home page. */ @Controller public class HomeController { private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HomeController.class); /** * Simply selects the home view to render by returning its name. */ @RequestMapping(value = "/", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String home(Locale locale, Model model) { logger.info("Welcome home! The client locale is {}.", locale); Date date = new Date(); DateFormat dateFormat = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.LONG, DateFormat.LONG, locale); String formattedDate = dateFormat.format(date); model.addAttribute("serverTime", formattedDate ); return "home"; } //produces="text/plain" 必须有,否则会有乱码 @RequestMapping(value = "/hello", method = RequestMethod.GET, produces="text/plain") @ResponseBody public String hello(){ logger.info("request coming!"); return "Hello Stevex, you are so hard!"; } }
6. 运行应用进行测试
大功告成!