MySQL安装、基本账户安全（5.0以后版本）
安装；
安装后账户安全基础；
-----------MySQL 5.0以后版本的安装-----------
MySQL安装
安装包学习的必杀绝技――就是阅读包的安装说明（readme & install）文档。
----------
# rm /etc/my.cnf (安装前执行一下)
----------
Mysql-5.0.40.tar.gz
1. Source Installation Overview(lines 74 of install-source)
系统默认可能会安装三个mysql的包：
mysql-libs
mysql
mysql-devel
从下往上依赖关系。
Shell> rpm -aq | grep mysql
Shell> rpm -ql mysql
Shell> rpm -qf /etc/my.conf
Shell> rpm -qc mysql-libs
Shell> rpm -qR mysql-libs
Shell> rpm -qd mysql
Shell> rpm -qi mysql
Shell> netstat -nlt
Shell> find / -name mysql
Shell> find / -name my.conf
Shell> cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql
Shell> cat /etc/group |
Shell> rpm -qa | grep gcc
Shell> rpm -qa | grep make
Shell> ls /home
Shell> groupadd -r mysql
Shell> useradd -g mysql -M -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql
Shell> vi INSTALL-SOURCE
Shell> ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql
Shell> echo $?
Shell> make
Shell> echo $?
Shell> make install
Shell> echo $?
Shell> cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.conf
Shell> cd /usr/local/mysql
Shell> chown -R mysql .
Shell> chgrp -R mysql .
Shell> bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
Shell> cp /support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
Shell> chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
Shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql --datadir=/dell/mysql_data
把数据库的数据文件定义到其他磁盘设备上。
2. Typical ‘configure’ Options(lines 265 of install-source)
Shell> ./configure --help
Shell> ./configure -h
Shell> ./configure --without-server
仅仅编译客户端程序
默认安装的目录/usr/local(数据目录/usr/local/var)。可以改写为：
Shell> ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql
Shell> ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/ --localstatedir=/usr/local/mysql/data
使用unix的套接字方式连接数据库：
Shell> ./configure --with-unix-socket-path=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
有gcc，没有c++库，可以使用gcc来作为c++的编译器：
Shell> CC=gcc CXX=gcc ./configure
Shell> ./configure --with-charset=gb2312
Shell> ./configure --with-charset=utf8
Shell> ./configure --with-charset=latin1(这个是默认值)
Shell> ./configure --with-collation=latin1_swedish_ci(这个是排序方法的默认值)
Shell> ./configure --with-extra-charsets=(空格分开)
Shell> ./configure --with-extra-charsets=all
重新编译一个源码树时：
Shell> rm config.cache
Shell> make clean
Shell> make dist
Mysql-5.1.72.tar.gz
安装方法跟上边的大同小异。
Mysql-5.5.22.tar.gz
1. Installing MySQL from Generic Binaries on Unix/Linux
系统默认可能会安装三个mysql的包：
mysql-libs
mysql
mysql-devel
从下往上依赖关系。
Shell> rpm -aq | grep mysql
Shell> rpm -ql mysql
Shell> rpm -qf /etc/my.conf
Shell> rpm -qc mysql-libs
Shell> rpm -qR mysql-libs
Shell> rpm -qd mysql
Shell> rpm -qi mysql
Shell> netstat -nlt
Shell> find / -name mysql
Shell> find / -name my.conf
Shell> cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql
Shell> cat /etc/group |
Shell> rpm -qa | grep gcc
Shell> rpm -qa | grep make
Shell> ls /home
Shell> groupadd mysql
Shell> useradd -r -g mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
Shell> cd /usr/local
Shell> tar -zxvf ……
Shell> cd mysql
Shell> chown -R mysql .
Shell> chgrp -R mysql .
Shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
Shell> chown -R root .
Shell> chown -R mysql data
Shell> cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
Shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
Shell> chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
Shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql --datadir=/dell/mysql_data
2. Installing MySQL from Source
Shell> rpm -aq | grep mysql
Shell> rpm -ql mysql
Shell> rpm -qf /etc/my.conf
Shell> rpm -qc mysql-libs
Shell> rpm -qR mysql-libs
Shell> rpm -qd mysql
Shell> rpm -qi mysql
Shell> netstat -nlt
Shell> find / -name mysql
Shell> find / -name my.conf
Shell> cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql
Shell> cat /etc/group |
Shell> rpm -qa | grep gcc
Shell> rpm -qa | grep make
Shell> ls /home
Shell> groupadd mysql
Shell> useradd -r -g mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
Shell> ccmake .(先进行交互式配置)
Shell> cmake .
Shell> make
Shell> make install
Shell> cd /usr/local/mysql
Shell> chown -R mysql .
Shell> chgrp -R mysql .
Shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
Shell> chown -R root .
Shell> chown -R mysql data
Shell> cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
Shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
Shell> chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
Shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql --datadir=/dell/mysql_data
3. To list the configuration options,use one of the following.
Shell> cmake . -L# overview
Shell> cmake . -LH# overview with help text
Shell> cmake . -LAH# all params with help text
Shell> ccmake .# interactive display
Shell> make clean
Shell> rm CMakeCache.txt
Shell>
4. rpm
To see all files in an RPM packet,run a command like this:
Shell> rpm -qpl MySQL-server-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm
Shell> rpm -ivh MySQL-server-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm
Shell> rpm -ivh MySQL-client-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm
Start from a source RPM,run:
Shell> rpmbuild --rebuild --clean MySQL-VERSION.src.rpm
Shell>
Cmake-2.8.12.tar.gz
Shell> vi Readme.txt
Shell> ./bootstrap
Shell> make
Shell> make install
Mysql-5.5.34.tar.gz
1. Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries
Shell> rpm -aq | grep mysql
Shell> rpm -ql mysql
Shell> rpm -qf /etc/my.conf
Shell> rpm -qc mysql-libs
Shell> rpm -qR mysql-libs
Shell> rpm -qd mysql
Shell> rpm -qi mysql
Shell> netstat -nlt
Shell> find / -name mysql
Shell> find / -name my.conf
Shell> cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql
Shell> cat /etc/group |
Shell> rpm -qa | grep gcc
Shell> rpm -qa | grep make
Shell> ls /home
Shell> groupadd mysql
Shell> useradd -r -g mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
Shell> cd /usr/local
Shell> tar -zxvf ……
Shell> cd mysql
Shell> chown -R mysql .
Shell> chgrp -R mysql .
Shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
Shell> chown -R root .
Shell> chown -R mysql data
Shell> cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
Shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
Shell> chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
Shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql --datadir=/dell/mysql_data
2. Installing MySQL Using a Standard Source Distribution
Shell> rpm -aq | grep mysql
Shell> rpm -ql mysql
Shell> rpm -qf /etc/my.conf
Shell> rpm -qc mysql-libs
Shell> rpm -qR mysql-libs
Shell> rpm -qd mysql
Shell> rpm -qi mysql
Shell> netstat -nlt
Shell> find / -name mysql
Shell> find / -name my.conf
Shell> cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql
Shell> cat /etc/group |
Shell> rpm -qa | grep gcc
Shell> rpm -qa | grep make
Shell> ls /home
Shell> groupadd mysql
Shell> useradd -r -g mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
Shell> cd mysql
Shell> ccmake .(没有这一步也过去了)
Shell> cmake .
Shell> make
Shell> make install
Shell> cd /usr/local/mysql
Shell> chown -R mysql .
Shell> chgrp -R mysql .
Shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
Shell> chown -R root .
Shell> chown -R mysql data
Shell> cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
Shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
Shell> chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
Shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql --datadir=/dell/mysql_data
Mysql-5.6.14.tar.gz
同上
-----------MySQL 安装完成后的帐号安全问题-----------
问题描述
刚安装好的系统， root 默认密码为空；默认空用户（空密码）也可以在本地登录；
查看系统中有那些账户：
mysql> select host,user,password from mysql.user;
显示结果，表示有多个 root 用户；有两个 空用户。没有一个有密码。
这就需要为每一个用户设定密码；同样需要为空用户设定密码，或者删除。
mysql.db 中的某些行，允许所有用户（包括没有密码的空账户；anonymous）访问测试数据库或者其
他以 “test_” 开头的数据库。(这个默认设置是为了测试的)
-------
修改 root 密码
shell> mysql -u root
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('newpwd');
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'127.0.0.1' = PASSWORD('newpwd');
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'host_name' = PASSWORD('newpwd');
mysql> select host,user,password from mysql.user;
shell> mysql -u root
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET password = PASSWORD('newpwd)
-> WHERE user = 'root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; (没有这步，就得重启后才能生效)
shell> mysqladmin -u root password "newpwd"
shell> mysqladmin -u root -h host_name password "newpwd"
mysqladmin 无法对127.0.0.1起作用。
shell> mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown
-------
修改 anonymous 密码
shell> mysql -u root -p
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR ''@'localhost' = PASSWORD('newpwd');
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR ''@'host_name' = PASSWORD('newpwd');
shell> mysql -u root -p
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET password = PASSWORD('newpwd')
-> WHERE user = '';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
-------
删除 anonymous 用户
shell> mysql -u root -p
mysql> DROP USER ''@'localhost';
mysql> DROP USER ''@'host_name';
mysql> select host,user,password from mysql.user;
-------
拒绝任意用户访问测试数据库
shell> mysql -u root -p
mysql> DELETE FROM mysql.db WHERE db LIKE 'test%';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> DROP DATABASE test; (* 再进一步，连测试库都干掉)
-----------------------------
使用 RPM 包安装数据库
RPM 包可以是官方提供的，也可以是其他作者提供的；可能有所不同（文件结构）。
标准安装，需要 MySQL-server & MySQL-client 。（其他的包在标准安装中不需要）
4109 行有关于各种包（名称）代表含义的详细说明。（包对 CPU 是有选择的 4208 ）
查看 RPM 包里的文件：
shell> rpm -qpl MySQL-server-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm
-------
* Red Hat Linux, Fedora, CentOS
root-shell> yum install mysql mysql-server mysql-libs
root-shell> service mysqld start
root-shell> chkconfig --levels 235 mysqld on
-------
Debian,Ubuntu,Kubuntu
root-shell> apt-get install mysql-client-5.1 mysql-server-5.1
root-shell> service mysql start | stop
-----------------------------
优化从编译个出色的mysqld开始
使用最好的编译器、和最佳的编译选项；使用静态模板编译。这个很重要，性能能提升10-30%。
直接在官网下载的二进制包，包含所有的字符集；自己编译可以选择需要的字符集。
Here is a list of some measurements that we have made:
* If you link dynamically (without -static), the result is 13%
slower on Linux. Note that you still can use a dynamically
linked MySQL library for your client applications. It is the
server that is most critical for performance.
* For a connection from a client to a server running on the same
host, if you connect using TCP/IP rather than a Unix socket
file, performance is 7.5% slower. (On Unix, if you connect to
the host name localhost, MySQL uses a socket file by default.)
* For TCP/IP connections from a client to a server, connecting
to a remote server on another host is 8% to 11% slower than
connecting to a server on the same host, even for connections
faster than 100Mb/s Ethernet.
* When running our benchmark tests using secure connections (all
data encrypted with internal SSL support) performance was 55%
slower than with unencrypted connections.
* On a Sun UltraSPARC-IIe, a server compiled with Forte 5.0 is
4% faster than one compiled with gcc 3.2.
* On a Sun UltraSPARC-IIe, a server compiled with Forte 5.0 is
4% faster in 32-bit mode than in 64-bit mode.
* Compiling on Linux-x86 using gcc without frame pointers
(-fomit-frame-pointer or -fomit-frame-pointer -ffixed-ebp)
makes mysqld 1% to 4% faster.
这段保留一点原汁原味
本文出自 “小崔的实验笔记” 博客，谢绝转载！